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1.
土壤质地对小麦和棉花田N2O排放的影响   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:25  
1994年-1995年在中国科学院封丘生态试验站通过小区试验研究了土壤质地对小麦和棉花田N2O排放量的影响。结果表明,土壤质地明显影响小麦和棉花田N2O排放量,壤质土壤排放的N2O高于砂质和粘质土壤,小麦和棉花生长期壤质,砂质及粘质土壤的平均N2O排放通量分别为37.93,23.81,12.90及70.39,45.87,27.85μgN2O-N/(m^2.h)。  相似文献   

2.
丘陵区稻田N2O排放的特点   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
1993-1994年在中国科学院红壤生态试验站通过田间试验研究了丘陵区稻田N2O排放的特点。结果表明,稻田N2O排放主要集中在水分落干期间,淹水状态下几乎没有N2O排放。由于早稻稻草还田、晚稻稻田N2O排放量即使在水分离落干期间也不高。稻田N2O排放量随地形降低而逐渐增加,1993-1994年两年中坡底、坡腰和坡顶稻田水稻生长期平均N2O-N排放通量分别为10.90、5.60和2.11μg/(m^  相似文献   

3.
水分状况对水田土壤N2O排放的影响   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
通过室内培养试验,研究了不同水分含量下水稻土的N2O排放,结果表明,在水分含量相当于田间持水量时,土壤具有最大的N2O排放速率,当水分含量在田间持水量之上时,反硝化作用是N2O的主要来源。水分含量在田间持水量之下时,尽管硝倾作用强烈,但N2O排放量较小。通过温室盆栽试验研究了不同水分管理措施下,水稻土N2O和CH4的排放,同常规水分管理方式相比,长期淹水显著增加CH4的排放而减少了N2O的排放。相反,湿润灌溉的处理在整个水稻生长期内没有明显的CH4排放,但其N2O排放对水分状况敏感,出现数次峰值,从而总排放量远高于其它两处理。  相似文献   

4.
土壤水分状况对CH4氧化,N2O和CO2排放的影响   总被引:34,自引:3,他引:31  
蔡祖聪  Arivn R. Mosier 《土壤》1999,31(6):289-294,298
实验室培育试验表明,土壤氧化CH4,排放N2O和CO2的最佳水分含不量。水稻土氧化CH4的最佳水分含同于半干旱草地土壤,均接近于土壤环境常年水分含量。水稻土N2O排放量随着水分含量的下降而增加,半干旱草地土壤则随着水分含量的下降而减少,表明背离土壤环境上水分含量越远,N2O的排放量越大。因而,CH4氧化和N2O排放对土壤水分含量的反应呈极显著的负相关性。CO2排放的最佳水分含量接近或高于CH4氧化  相似文献   

5.
影响氧化亚氮形成与排放的土壤因素   总被引:59,自引:0,他引:59  
土壤中N2O形成、散发与地球温室效应有密切关系。土壤中N2O是通过硝化和反硝化过程形成的。由于硝化和反硝化过程中均产生N2O,故凡影响这两个过程的因素都会对N2O的形成发生作用。土壤通气状况、土壤水分含量、土壤氮素状况与氮肥施用、土壤pH、土壤有机物含量与组成、土壤质地结构及耕作利用等土壤因素都会影响N2O的形成与排放。  相似文献   

6.
淹水稻田甲烷产生和排放的研究现状   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
朱德峰  裘凌沧 《农业环境保护》1994,13(3):101-103,108
大气中温室气体如CO2、CH4和N2O等增加,导致全球气候变暖。CH4虽浓度相对较低,但其捕获热量的效率却比CO2高20-30倍,并以每年1%的速度增加,本文阐述了淹水稻田CH4排放过程及数量,稻田土壤类型,栽培措施对CH4产生与排放的影响,CH4排放与水稻生长关系。同时讨论了控制和缓解稻田CH4排放的途径。  相似文献   

7.
农田土壤N2O排放的影响因素   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
氧化亚氮是大气湿室效应气体之一。本文概括论述影响农田土壤N2O排放的氧气、温度、土壤湿度和水分、有机质、土壤pH、微生物、土壤质地以及施肥等因素。  相似文献   

8.
冬小麦田氧化亚氮的排放   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
对1990-1992年间冬小麦田氧化亚氮排放的日变化和季节变化进行了研究,预测了N2O通量土壤温度的关系。在整个实验阶段,不施肥田和施肥田N2O能量的平均为10.5μtN/m^2.h和22.6μgN/m^2.h。小麦地上所施尿素排放N2O-N的释放系数为0.09%。  相似文献   

9.
徐华  蔡祖聪  八木一行 《土壤》2006,38(6):671-675
通过盆栽和培养试验研究了不同水分历史水稻土CH4产生、氧化及排放间的相互影响。水稻土CH4产生、氧化和排放皆受土壤水分历史条件的强烈影响,非水稻生长期土壤水分含量越高,随后水稻生长期CH4排放量越大,产生和氧化能力也越强。无论是水稻生长期平均值还是季节变化,CH4排放皆受CH4产生的显著影响。CH4产生量和排放量的相对差值很好地说明了各处理间土壤CH4氧化潜力的差异。水稻土CH4排放通量主要受CH4产生率,而不是CH4氧化潜力的影响,但CH4氧化能牵制CH4产生率对CH4排放通量的影响,水稻土这种自然调节CH4排放量的特性对减少稻田CH4排放具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

10.
节水灌溉对稻田N2O季节排放特征的影响   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
为了揭示节水灌溉对技术对稻田N2O排放的影响,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对稻田N2O排放进行了田间原位观测,分析了节水灌溉对稻田N2O季节排放特征的影响。结果表明,水稻全生育期节水灌溉稻田N2O平均排放通量为41.84 μg/(m2 ?h),较淹水灌溉稻田N2O平均排放通量增加了33.3%;节水灌溉稻田N2O排放总量为119.86 mg/m2,比淹水灌溉稻田显著增加了17.8%;节水灌溉稻田N2O排放通量呈现明显的季节变化规律,有两次较大的排放峰值,峰值主要出现在施肥后1周左右;节水灌溉稻田土壤的每次脱水过程均不同程度地加剧了N2O排放,复水后N2O排放通量有增有减但变幅不大,而淹水灌溉稻田在黄熟期落干阶段N2O排放出现反弹。由此可见,不同灌溉模式下的稻田土壤水分状况决定了N2O季节排放的差异,与淹水灌溉相比,控制灌溉显著增加了稻田N2O季节排放量。  相似文献   

11.
潜水蒸发条件下不同质地剖面的土壤水盐运动   总被引:19,自引:6,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
刘福汉  王遵亲 《土壤学报》1993,30(2):173-181
  相似文献   

12.
土壤质地、温度和Eh对稻田甲烷排放的影响   总被引:49,自引:1,他引:48       下载免费PDF全文
本文报道在田间条件下,土南地,温度和Eh影响稻田CH4排放通量的研究结果。中国科学院封丘生态试验站的小区试验表明,在当地常规水分管理即间歇灌溉条件下,供试小区和妥田的CH4平均排放通量仅为0.16-1.86m gCH4/m^2h。  相似文献   

13.
黄河自河南孟津以下为地上河,沿两岸大堤外侧,形成宽约2-6公里,低于河床4-10米的背河洼地,是历来内涝和土壤盐溃化最为严重的地区,治理也很困难。近年来随着引黄灌溉事业的发展,不少地区种稻利用改良盐渍土,取得了很好的效果,但也有一些地区种稻以后,地下水矿化度虽只有0.5-1克/升,而土壤迅速返盐,稻田周围产生严重的土壤次生盐渍化。  相似文献   

14.
In a greenhouse pot study, we examined the availability of N to grain sorghum from organic and inorganic N sources. The treatments were15N-labeled clover residues, wheat residues, and fertilizer placed on a sandy clay loam and loamy sand soil surface for an 8-week period. Soil aggregates formed under each soil texture were measured after 8 weeks for each treatment. Significantly greater 15N was taken up and recovered by grain sorghum in sandy clay loam pots compared with loamy sand pots. Greater 15N recovery was consistently observed with the inorganic source than the organic sources regardless of soil texture or time. Microbial biomass C and N were significantly greater for sandy clay loam soil compared with the loamy sand. Microbial biomass 15N was also significantly greater in the sandy clay loam treatment compared to the loamy sand. The fertilizer treatment initially had the greatest pool of microbial biomass 15N but decreased with time. The crop residue treatments generally had less microbial biomass 15N with time. The crop residues and soil texture had a significant effect on the water-stable aggregates formed after 8 weeks of treatments. Significantly greater water-stable aggregates were formed in the sandy clay loam than the loamy sand. Approximately 20% greater water-stable aggregates were formed under the crop residue treatments compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Soil texture seemed to be one of the most important factors affecting the availability of N from organic or inorganic N sources in these soils.Contribution from the MissouriAgricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No.12131  相似文献   

15.
不同土壤质地和含水率对炭基肥料氮素矿化的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
为了探究土壤特性对炭基肥料氮素矿化的影响,采用室内培养和大田小区试验,分析了炭基肥在不同土壤质地(砂质壤土、粉砂质壤土、黏土)及含水率(80%、60%、40%田间最大持水量)条件下,氮素矿化动态变化特征。结果表明:在室内培养条件下,对于不同土壤质地,炭基肥在砂质壤土条件下矿化势最高,其次为黏土,最低的为粉砂质壤土;对于不同田间持水量,在粉砂质壤土条件下,炭基肥矿化势最高的为80%田间最大持水量(80%SMC),其次为60%SMC,最低的是40%SMC;在砂质壤土和黏土条件下,炭基肥的矿化势均表现为60%SMC>80%SMC>40%SMC。培养状态下粉砂质壤土、砂质壤土、黏土条件下最大氮素有效性分别是34.12%、56.31%、41.14%,而在大田条件下,炭基肥单季氮素最大矿化率在粉砂质壤土、砂质壤土、黏土3种土壤质地下分别是50.61%、32.27%、34.29%。  相似文献   

16.
不同水分状况及施磷量对水稻土中速效磷含量的影响   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
娄运生  李忠佩  张桃林 《土壤》2005,37(6):640-644
通过室内培养试验研究了不同水分(淹水和60%田间持水量)及施P量对水稻土速效P及水层含P量的影响。结果表明,无论水分状况如何,土壤速效P含量随施P量的增加而呈明显增加趋势。土壤速效P出现富集的转折点因供试土壤而异,第三纪红壤性水稻土大致为P2O560~120mg/kg,而第四纪红壤性水稻土和黄泥土为P2O5120~180mg/kg。P肥施入土壤后,水溶性P主要存在于土壤溶液中,而分布于水层中的P相对较少。但在过量施P(P2O5>180mg/kg)时,施肥后短期内(0~30天),水层中P浓度较高(0.05~0.3mg/kg),如水分管理不当,则会造成P的损失。  相似文献   

17.
Summary Soil texture affects pore space, and bacterial and protozoan populations in soil. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that bacteria are more protected from protozoan predation in fine-textured soils than in coarse-textured soils because they have a larger volume of protected pore space available to them. The experiment consisted of three sterilized Orthic Black Chernozemic soils (silty clay, clay loam, and sandy loam) inoculated with bacteria, two treatments (with and without protozoa), and five sampling dates. The soils were amended with glucose and mineral N on day 0. On day 4 bacterial numbers in all three soils were approximately 3×109 g–1 soil. The greatest reduction in bacteria due to protozoan grazing occurred between day 4 and day 7. Compared to the treatment without protozoa, bacteria in the treatment with protozoa were reduced by 68, 50, and 75% in the silty clay, clay loam, and sandy loam, respectively. On day 4, 2 days after the protozoan inoculation, all protozoa were active. The numbers were 10330, 4760, and 15 380 g–1 soil for the silty clay, clay loam, and sandy loam, respectively. Between day 4 and day 7, the period of greatest bacterial decline, total protozoa increased greatly to 150480, 96160, and 192100 g–1 soil for the three soils, respectively. Most protozoa encysted by day 7. In all soils the addition of protozoa significantly increased CO2–C evolution per g soil relative to the treatment without protozoa. Our results support the hypothesis that bacteria are more protected from protozoan predation in fine-textured soils than in coarse-textured soils.  相似文献   

18.
Seven pot experiments were conducted to study the direct and the accumulative effect of urea containing (0.4, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 %) biuret on the growth of rice, wheat, and maize plants and their N content and N uptake in two fine textured alluvial soils and one sandy clay loam (highly calcareous) soil. It was found that both rice and wheat grain yields were not significantly reduced in all soils where urea containing high percentage of biuret was used namely 3 % and 4 %. Ammonium sulphate fertilizer was superior to urea in plant production only in the sandy clay loam. Moreover, the N recovery was higher in the alluvial soils in comparison to the sandy clay loam. The accumulative addition of biuret to the soils did not further reduce either the growth rate or the N uptake of the plants.  相似文献   

19.
In Indian Punjab, rice–wheat is a dominant cropping system in four agro‐ecosystems, namely undulating subregion (zone 1), Piedmont alluvial plains (zone 2), central alluvial plains (zone 3), and southwestern alluvial plains (zone 4), varying in rainfall and temperature. Static and temporal variabilities in soil physical and chemical properties prevail because of alluvial parent material, management/tillage operations, and duration of rice–wheat rotation. A detailed survey was undertaken to study the long‐term effect of rice–wheat rotation on soil physical (soil separates, bulk density, modulus of rupture, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities, soil water content, and suction relations) and chemical (organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity) properties of different textured soils (sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam) in these four zones of Punjab. Soil samples (of 0‐ to 30‐cm depth) from 45 sites were collected during 2006 and were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results showed that sand content and pH increased whereas silt and organic carbon decreased significantly from zones 1 to 4. Compared to other textures, significantly greater organic carbon, modulus of rupture, and pH in silty clay loam; greater bulk density in clay loam, and greater saturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy clay loam were observed. Irrespective of zone and soil texture, in the subsurface soil, there was a hard pan at 15–22.5 cm deep, which had high soil bulk density, modulus of rupture, more silt and clay contents (by 3–5%) and less organic carbon and hydraulic conductivity than the surface (0–15 cm) layer. These properties deteriorated with fineness of the soil texture and less organic carbon content. Continuous rice–wheat cropping had a deleterious effect on many soil properties. Many of these soils would benefit from the addition of organic matter, and crop yields may also be affected by the distinct hardpan that exists between 15 and 22.5 cm deep.  相似文献   

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