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1.
全面认识桉树种植对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响及机制,对于阐明单一物种对生态系统服务功能的影响具有重要意义。通过室内小盆模拟控制试验,采用随机区组设计,以土壤碳、氮含量有显著差异的3种天然次生林土壤为对象,以不添加凋落物的处理和添加天然次生林混合凋落物的处理为对照,研究桉树凋落物对土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响。结果表明:(1)与天然次生林的混合凋落物相比,桉树凋落物具有较高的碳含量和较低的氮含量,其碳氮比也较高;(2)添加桉树凋落物的土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌以及磷脂脂肪酸的总丰度显著高于不添加凋落物的土壤,但是显著低于添加天然次生林混合凋落物的土壤,并且不同凋落物处理下土壤微生物群落的磷脂脂肪酸组成存在显著差异;(3)不同凋落物处理下土壤微生物群落的碳代谢方式差异显著,添加桉树凋落物的土壤微生物群落的碳代谢功能优于未添加凋落物的处理,但是显著低于天然次生林混合凋落物处理的土壤,包括:碳代谢的活性和多样性。综上所述,与天然次生林本身的凋落物相比,桉树凋落物影响下的土壤微生物群落的生物量、多样性和代谢活性均较低,表明桉树凋落物为土壤微生物群落提供生境和食物的能力较弱。  相似文献   

2.
施用生物有机肥对红壤水稻土中重金属及微生物量的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
研究了施用生物有机肥对红壤性水稻土中重金属含量、养分含量以及微生物量碳、氮的影响,以期为改善红壤性水稻土重金属污染状况提供科学依据。通过田间小区定位试验,一次性施入不同量的生物有机肥为:0、10、20、30和40 t·hm-2,于2017年9月水稻成熟期采集各处理表层土壤,研究土壤养分和重金属含量及微生物生物量的变化。施用生物有机肥可以提高土壤养分含量和微生物量碳、氮含量,降低土壤中全量Cd、DTPA-Cd和DTPA-Pb含量,而对土壤全量Pb则没有显著的影响。相关分析表明,在红壤性水稻土中施用生物有机肥后,土壤中的CEC、pH和全氮以及有效磷含量这4种养分显著影响土壤全量Cd、DTPA-Cd以及DTPA-Pb的含量;而通径分析则表明,土壤DTPA-Cd与土壤全氮关系最为密切,土壤有效磷对土壤DTPA-Pb含量的影响为最大。施用生物有机肥可以改善土壤重金属污染的状况,提升土壤肥力。  相似文献   

3.
通过对杉木、马尾松、红荷木、格木四种人工林的三年定位研究,初步获得了四种林木对主要营养元素的生物吸收和归还特点、对土壤养分状况、水分状况、微生物状况和土壤酶活性的影响等一系列资料。初步阐明了四种林木凋落物的数量及主要营养元素含量,研究了四种林木凋落物的分解特点。从而为进一步研究林木混交提供了科学依据。研究表明,阔叶树种与针叶树种相比,在改善土壤理化性状、提高土壤生产力等方面都表现出明显的优点。  相似文献   

4.
土壤生态学及其发展近况   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
吴珊眉 《土壤》1991,23(4):198-201
本文论述了土壤生态学的发展简史、有关概念及其研究近况。作者认为,土壤动物、土壤微生物的作用是土壤生态系统的重要研究内容。作为生物能源的植物凋落物,动物、微生物残体Ⅱ等,经土壤中生物的作用,部分养分释放后供给植物生长。营养物质在系统中进行循环,对土壤肥力。系统生产力及系统功能产生有益的影响。  相似文献   

5.
桂西北喀斯特不同植被演替阶段土壤微生物群落多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用经典统计与排序分析方法,研究了桂西北喀斯特不同植被演替阶段(原生林、次生林、灌丛、草地)土壤微生物群落多样性变化特征,并探讨了土壤微生物群落多样性与土壤养分、土壤微生物生物量和土壤微生物数量之间的关系。结果表明:(1)桂西北喀斯特植被演替对土壤养分有较大的影响,除了土壤容重和全磷含量以外,由草地到原生林的演替过程中,土壤养分均呈显著的变化趋势(p0.05)。随着演替的进行,土壤pH值和容重逐渐减小。土壤有机碳、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随着演替而逐渐增加趋势,其大小依次变现为原生林次生林灌丛草地,其中不同演替阶段土壤有机碳全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量差异均显著(p0.05)。(2)土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷大小依次变现为原生林次生林灌丛草地,其中灌丛和次生林MBP含量差异不显著(p0.05)。MBC/MBN随着演替的进行呈逐渐减小趋势,MBC/MBP和MBN/MBP随着演替的进行呈逐渐增加趋势。(3)不同植被演替阶段土壤微生物数量及组成不同,其中以细菌数目最多,土壤微生物种群总数量、细菌和放线菌数目依次为原生林次生林灌丛草地。(4)不同演替阶段土壤微生物群落功能多样性指数存在一定差异,其中物种丰富度指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S)依次表现为原生林次生林灌丛草地(p0.05);而优势度指数(Ds)依次表现为原生林次生林灌丛草地,并且不同演替阶段优势度指数(Ds)差异不显著(p0.05)。(5)相关性分析表明土壤养分、土壤微生物量、土壤微生物数量均与土壤微生物群落多样性具有显著的相关性,其中,土壤微生物量对微生物群落多样性的贡献最大,而MBN,SOC和细菌数目是影响桂西北喀斯特不同植被演替阶段土壤微生物群落多样性分布的主要因子。  相似文献   

6.
西双版纳不同森林类型土壤微生物生物量的变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
《土壤通报》2017,(1):94-100
土壤微生物生物量在森林生态系统保护以及养分循环转化中具有重要的作用。本文研究了西双版纳5种森林类型(热带季节雨林、热带季风常绿阔叶林、曼安次生林、鸡血藤次生林和沟谷林次生林)的土壤微生物生物量以及微生物碳氮利用效率的变化。与热带季节雨林和热带季风常绿阔叶林相比,3种次生林具有较高的土壤微生物生物量碳。沟谷林次生林的土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量显著高于其它4种林型。土壤微生物生物量碳氮与土壤含水量、土壤有机碳、土壤总氮显著正相关,与土壤碳氮比显著负相关。热带季节雨林和沟谷林次生林有更高的微生物商,表明热带季节雨林和沟谷林次生林具有更高的微生物碳氮利用效率。微生物商的变化与土壤有机碳以及土壤总氮没有显著相关关系,与土壤微生物生物量显著正相关。本研究可为更好地评价不同森林类型土壤活性提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
生物土壤结皮的发育类型对土壤养分和微生物代谢起着重要作用。为进一步明确在生物结皮发育过程中微生物的限制性养分与影响因素,研究选择黄土丘陵区垂直陡壁表面上的裸土(CK)、浅色藻结皮(LA)、深色藻结皮(DA)、藻藓混合结皮(AM)和藓结皮(M)为研究对象,分析了不同生物土壤结皮类型下碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)养分状况与胞外酶活性,并通过胞外酶化学计量来量化微生物的代谢限制。结果表明:LA,DA,AM和M这4种类型生物土壤结皮C,N,P养分含量和微生物生物量C,N,P均显著高于CK(p<0.05),并且SOC,TN,TP和微生物生物量C,N,P随CK,LA,DA,AM和M的顺序逐渐增大,藓结皮微生物量C,N,P分别是CK处理的18.3,27.6,14.1倍。生物土壤结皮的发育显著提高了C,N,P循环酶的活性,冗余分析结果表明土壤养分与酶活性密切相关。此外,通过酶计量的矢量模型结果来看,生物土壤结皮的发育造成微生物相对碳限制的增大与相对磷限制的减小,并受到速效养分含量的影响。偏最小二乘路径模型结果也表明生物土壤结皮的类型会间接影响微生物的代谢限制。总的来说,生物土壤结皮类型的变化会改善土壤养分状况与微生物量等性质,养分资源的供应状况会造成微生物养分代谢的变化。  相似文献   

8.
孙红霞  武琴  郑国祥  王振忠 《土壤》2001,33(5):264-267
本文研究了用EM生物制剂进行土壤处理对茄子和黄瓜的连作病害、土壤养分状况、及土壤生物活性的影响。结果表明 ,施用EM能有效克服连作障碍 ,减少农药的使用 ;增加土壤中速效养分含量 ,提高养分有效性 ;增加土壤微生物总量 ,提高土壤生物活性。  相似文献   

9.
采用经典统计分析与排序分析,研究了2014—2018年岷江流域不同土地利用方式下(撂荒地、次生林、灌丛、果园和耕地)土壤微生物群落多样性变化特征,并探讨了其与土壤养分和土壤微生物数量之间的关系。结果表明:(1)土壤pH值变化范围为6.13~7.02,其大小依次表现为撂荒地次生林灌丛果园耕地,其中耕地和果园差异不显著(p0.05),耕地最高(p0.05);土壤有机碳、全氮、全钾、有效磷和有效钾大小依次表现为撂荒地次生林灌丛果园耕地,不同土地利用土壤有效磷和有效钾差异均显著(p0.05),而不同土地利用土壤全磷差异不显著(p0.05)。(2)土壤微生物以细菌数目最多,占到90%以上,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌和微生物总数目大小依次表现为撂荒地次生林灌丛果园耕地。(3)根据培养第100小时的AWCD值计算土壤微生物群落的物种丰富度指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)、优势度指数(Ds)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S)。土壤微生物多样性指数大小依次表现为撂荒地次生林灌丛果园耕地,不同土地利用均匀度指数(E)、优势度指数(Ds)差异不显著(p0.05)。(4)相关性分析表明土壤养分、土壤微生物数量均与土壤微生物群落多样性具有显著的相关性(p0.05),其中,土壤微生物数量对微生物群落多样性的贡献最大(其相关系数绝对值最大)。(5)冗余分析表明土壤微生物群落多样性与土壤养分含量均呈正相关(除了pH);有机碳和全氮与丰富度指数相关性最大,由此可知,有机碳和全氮是影响该区土壤微生物群落多样性分布的主要因子。  相似文献   

10.
2013年5-10月通过野外群落调查和室内分析的方法对滇池流域4种典型次生林(华山松林、云南松林、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林)径流、土壤养分含量和输出量及枯落物淋溶量进行初步研究,旨在了解不同次生林径流养分含量和流失量差异及机理,研究结果表明:4种次生林,径流养分含量存在显著差异(P0.05),且总氮、总磷、铵氮含量以常绿阔叶林最高;土壤中总氮和总磷含量随土壤深度的增加而降低,常绿阔叶林土壤铵氮含量以表层最低;4种次生林枯落物蓄积量以常绿阔叶林最大,为11.98t/hm2,云南松林最小,为7.31t/hm2;枯落物未分解层和半分解层分别在浸水4h和2h后基本达到养分淋溶饱和状态,饱和状态时枯落物总磷、总氮、铵氮淋溶量均以常绿阔叶林最大,且未分解层分别为2.47,28.06,8.06g/kg,半分解层分别为1.17,16.05,3.69g/kg,枯落物淋溶作用是导致4种次生林径流养分含量差异的主要原因,半分解层因淋溶速率大从而在次生林径流淋溶中起着最重要作用;总磷、总氮、铵氮输出量以针阔混交林最大,分别可达0.109,2.153,0.339mg/m2;常绿阔叶林因郁闭度和枯落物蓄积量大,能减小地表径流量,并有效控制总磷、总氮、铵氮等养分的流失。  相似文献   

11.
The accumulation of nutrients by a bamboo plantation and their rate of uptake and release through litter fall was determined. The nutrients in the above-ground living biomass increased linearly with plant age. The balance of nutrients showed an increase in loss by litter fall, and annual nutrient accumulation and enrichment ratio were enhanced with age. Annual percentage turnover showed no consistent trend. Enrichment ratios were in the order of K>N>Mg>Ca>P. In conclusion, precautions are necessary during the exploitation of bamboo plantations on a large scale in order to prevent nutrient depletion of the soil. Received: 7 January 1996  相似文献   

12.
川西3种亚高山针叶林的养分和凋落物格局分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
LIN Bo  LIU Qing  WU Yan  HE Hai 《土壤圈》2006,16(3):380-389
Investigations were conducted to quantify litterfall, and litter and nutrient accumulation in forest floor, and to acquire information on litter decomposition and nitrogen and phosphorus release patterns in three different subalpine coniferous forests, a plantation (P1), a secondary forest (SF), and a primitive forest (PF), in western Sichuan, China. The litter trap method was used to evaluate litterfall with the litterbag method being utilized for litter decomposition. Seasonal patterns of litterfall were similar in the three forests, with two peaks occurring in September-November and March-May. The plantation revealed an annual litterfall of 4.38 x 103 kg ha-1, which was similar to those of SF and PF, but P1 had a lower mass loss rate and a higher C/N ratio. The C/N ratio may be a sound predictor for the decomposition differences. N concentrations of leaf litter in both the secondary forest and primitive forest increased first and then decreased, and the percentages of their final/initial values were 108.9% and 99.9%, respectively. P concentration in the three forests increased by the end of the study. The results of litterfall and decomposition indicated that in the plantation the potential to provide nutrients for soil organic matter was similar to those of SF and PF; however, its slower decomposition rate could result in a somewhat transient accumulation of litter in the forest floor.  相似文献   

13.
In a mesocosm experiment, we studied decomposition rates as CO2 efflux and changes in plant mass, nutrient accumulation and soil pools of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), in soils from a sub-arctic heath. The soil was incubated at 10 °C and 12 °C, with or without leaf litter and with or without plants present. The purpose of the experiment was to analyse decomposition and nutrient transformations under simulated, realistic conditions in a future warmer Arctic.Both temperature enhancement and litter addition increased respiration rates. Temperature enhancement and surprisingly also litter addition decreased microbial biomass carbon (C) content, resulting in a pronounced increase of specific respiration. Microbial P content increased progressively with temperature enhancement and litter addition, concomitant with increasing P mineralisation, whereas microbial N increased only in the litter treatment, at the same time as net N mineralisation decreased. In contrast, microbial biomass N decreased as temperature increased, resulting in a high mobilisation of inorganic N.Plant responses were closely coupled to the balance of microbial mineralisation and immobilisation. Plant growth and N accumulation was low after litter addition because of high N immobilisation in microbes and low net mineralisation, resulting in plant N limitation. Growth increased in the temperature-enhanced treatments, but was eventually limited by low supply of P, reflected in a low plant P concentration and high N-to-P ratio. Hence, the different microbial responses caused plant N limitation after litter addition and P limitation after temperature enhancement. Although microbial processes determined the main responses in plants, the plants themselves influenced nutrient turnover. With plants present, P mobilisation to the plant plus soil inorganic pools increased significantly, and N mobilisation non-significantly, when litter was added. This was presumably due to increased mineralisation in the rhizosphere, or because the nutrients in addition to being immobilised by microbes also could be absorbed by plants. This suggests that the common method of measuring nutrient mineralisation in soils incubated without plants may underestimate the rates of nutrient mobilisation, which probably contributes to a commonly observed discrepancy of measured lower rates of net nutrient mineralisation than uptake rates in arctic soils.  相似文献   

14.
《土壤圈》1994,4(1):53-58
The work was carried out to study the uptake,storage and return of S in the evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem of Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province,based on the annuam increments of plants and Scontents per unit weight plant organs as well as the measured data about the biological return and decomposition.Results showed that the vegetation layer had an annual S uptake of 55.02kg ha^-1,which accounted for 15.8% of the total S storage in the vegetation layer,The S uptake was the highest in the arbor layer but the lowest in the shrub layer,the biological return of S was 50% higher than the biological uptake,indicating the relatively high cycling effciency of S.Nevertheless,S had a relatively low rate opf biological release,so that S trended to accumulate in the litter layer,S taken up by plants each year came mostly from precipitation and the reserve of soil.  相似文献   

15.
森林凋落物分解研究进展   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
 森林凋落物分解是森林生态系统养分生物循环的重要环节,而分解过程中所释放的CO2是全球碳素收支的重要组分,开展森林凋落物分解研究是充分认识森林生态系统结构和功能的基础。研究认为:凋落物分解的预测指标可分为3类,即环境指标(如实际蒸散量)、凋落物物理质量(如叶抗张强度)和化学质量指标(如C/N比、木质素/N比和C/P比等);凋落物分解过程中养分释放机制极其复杂,养分动态模式主要有淋溶—释放、淋溶—富集—释放和富集—释放3种,并因凋落物种类、分解阶段和元素本身性质的不同而异;凋落物混合分解并非单一树种分解的简单叠加,因树种组成和比例不同,基质的化学组成会发生变化,从而影响分解者的多样性、丰富度和生理活性,进而直接和间接地影响其分解速率;凋落物混合分解中可能存在无效应、促进效应和抑制效应;现有的研究结果显示,凋落物混合分解的适宜比例应与群落中不同树种的种群比例相一致;CO2浓度升高不仅影响凋落物的化学性质,而且与分解环境中土壤的生物活性密切相关,但CO2浓度升高并不改变凋落物质量与分解速率之间的关系;越来越多的研究显示,CO2浓度升高的环境下,植物群落的物种组成会产生变化,这种变化对养分循环速率的影响远大于单纯大气CO2浓度变化的影响。  相似文献   

16.
The decomposition of plant organic matter and the stability of soil aggregates are important components of soil carbon cycling, and the relationship between decomposition rate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has recently received considerable attention. The interaction of AMF with their associated microorganisms and the consequences for litter decomposition and soil aggregation still remain fairly unclear. In a laboratory pot experiment we simultaneously tested the single and combined effects of one AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis) and a natural non-AMF microbial community on the decomposition of small wooden sticks and on soil aggregation. To disentangle effects of hyphae and roots we placed mesh bags as root exclusion compartments in the soil. The decomposition of the wooden sticks in this compartment was significantly reduced in the presence of AMF, but not with the non-AMF microbial community only, compared to the control, while aggregation was increased in all treatments compared to the control. We suggest that AMF directly (via localized nutrient removal or altered moisture conditions) or indirectly (by providing an alternative carbon source) inhibited the activity of decomposers, leading to different levels of plant litter degradation under our experimental settings. Reduced decomposition of woody litter in presence of AMF can be important for nutrient cycling in AMF-dominated forests and in the case of woody plants and perennials that develop lignified roots in grasslands.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this field experiment was to quantify the contribution of soil fauna to plant litter decomposition in three forest sites differing in C/N ratio under natural conditions in Xishuangbanna, southwestern China. We conducted a survey of soil fauna communities, the forest floor litter and investigated mass loss of mixed tree species leaf litter for two years in a tropical secondary forest, an evergreen broad-leaf forest and a tropical rain forest. Exclusion treatments of different sized soil fauna from the leaf litter by using varying mesh size litter bags (2 mm and 0.15 mm) were also performed. Mass loss and C and N concentrations in litter bag leaf materials were determined at monthly intervals. We found that: (1) the three forests differed in floor litter biomass and nutrient contents but not in soil fauna richness and abundance; (2) litter mass loss and decomposition rate were slower when soil macrofauna and most of mesofauna were excluded; and (3) greatest soil fauna contribution to plant litter decomposition occurred in the rain forest, where leaf litter C/N ratio was also highest (41.5% contribution: 54.8 C/N ratio), in comparison to 8.69% in the broad-leaf forest and 19.52% in the secondary forest, both with low leaf litter C/N ratios (<32). Our results suggested that, soil fauna played a more pronounced role in the decomposition of mixed leaf litter in tropical rain forest, and significantly bigger effects from fauna were ascribed to the enhancement of N concentration and decrease of C concentration of the initially high C/N ratio litter in this forest site.  相似文献   

18.
Temporal and spatial variations in litterfall, leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release were quantified along an air pollution gradient around an industrial area in a dry tropical region of India. Significant differences were found in litterfall between the sites. Litter decomposition rates also significantly varied among the study sites. Litter decomposition was faster at sites away from the industrial region with coal-fired power plants. The concentrations of N and P increased, whereas that of Ca and SO4-S decreased in decomposing litter over time. The nutrient release pattern was also modified by atmospheric deposition. Concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were negatively correlated with relative mass loss. Turnover time of nutrients, except SO4-S in decomposing litter was maximal at the site receiving highest atmospheric depositions. The study documents that industrial emissions significantly modified nutrient cycling in adjacent terrestrial ecosystems.  相似文献   

19.
选择半干旱(宁夏盐池)、干旱(内蒙古乌拉特后旗)荒漠草原区为研究样地,以牛枝子枯落物为研究对象,采用网孔分解袋法研究土壤动物分解功能对枯落物C、N、P、K分布的影响,结合枯落物分解过程中土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量分布特征,阐明土壤动物分解作用对土壤营养元素含量分布的影响规律。结果表明:(1)共捕获土壤动物226只,隶属14科(属)。土壤动物个体数表现为盐池地区均高于乌拉特地区,而类群数差异较小,仅在乌拉特地区灌丛高于裸地。土壤动物Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Margalef指数在不同生境下均无显著差异,Pielou指数在裸地生境下表现为乌拉特地区显著高于盐池地区。(2)不同网孔分解袋中枯落物养分元素均处于不同程度的释放状态。其中枯落物C、N元素累积系数在盐池地区表现为2 mm网孔显著低于0.01 mm网孔,在乌拉特地区表现为2 mm网孔显著高于0.01 mm网孔;枯落物P、K元素累积系数分别在乌拉特地区和盐池地区表现为2 mm网孔显著高于0.01 mm网孔,且土壤动物对盐池枯落物C、N、P、K元素释放均表现为正效应;对乌拉特枯落物C、...  相似文献   

20.
通过样地调查观测和室内样品分析,对位于山西吉县的23年生华北落叶松人工林生态系统中13种元素的循环特征进行研究。测算得到研究区域人工林生态系统的生物量在各器官的空间分布,结合林木各器官养分含量,得出养分元素在空间变异上的积累与分布;测算四大分室(林木、土壤、枯落物和大气)中其余分室的养分含量和养分积累与分布,得到养分循环过程中华北落叶松人工林养分年归还量134.719kg/(hm~2·a),年存留量53.409kg/(hm~2·a)和年吸收量188.129kg/(hm2·a);最后综合上述的各分室养分循环状况,得出反映该森林生态系统的养分生物循环特征的参数和指标。研究区华北落叶松人工林生态系统内N,P,K的循环系数均值(0.68),表明研究区生态系统循环速率较快;利用系数偏小,储存效率慢,土壤养分利用效率较高;养分元素通过林冠后均明显增加(林冠截留量142.1mm),并且对降水量(587.8mm)要求一般。较高的富集系数使其适应瘠薄自然环境,养分消耗量低。总体来看,华北落叶松是很有潜力的森林更新和荒山造林树种。  相似文献   

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