大豆品种耐低磷和对磷肥效应的遗传差异

大豆不同品种对低磷胁迫和磷肥效应有显著的遗传差异。低磷胁迫下，苗期植株叶片酸性磷酸酶活性（APA）和叶面积与品种的子粒产量呈极显著相关;APA、叶面积、干物质量和氮积累量与生物学产量呈显著或极显著相关。但在施磷条件下，它们之间则无相关关系。这表明APA、叶面积、干物质量和氨积累量可作为耐低磷基因型的筛选指标。试验表明，耐低磷能力弱的品种对磷肥反应更为敏感。在低磷和施磷条件下产量均较高的品种也是存在的，它们对不同的磷素营养环境有着广泛的适应性，进一步挖掘这类基因型很有意义。     

桑树体内氮、磷分布及品种间营养效率差异研究

在不同供氮水平条件下,供试的48个桑树品种叶、条、根中氮、磷分布、营养效率及所施氮肥的利用率差异表明,施氮处理比无氮处理叶、条、根中全氮含量及其累积量极显著增加,全磷含量极显著降低;磷素累积量除叶片无显著差异外,根和枝条中均极显著增加。从整个植株氮、磷浓度分布看,全氮含量为叶片根枝条;全磷含量为根叶枝条。从整个植株根、枝、叶氮、磷累积情况看,氮素累积量及无氮处理的磷素累积量为叶片根枝条;施氮处理,根、枝条、叶片中磷素累积量相差不大。施氮处理比无氮处理氮、磷运转效率及氮素经济利用效率均极显著降低,而磷素经济利用效率极显著提高。不同桑树品种氮、磷吸收累积量、营养效率、氮肥利用率差异很大。只有氮肥利用率高且植株吸收的肥料氮大部分分配在叶片中、而仅极少部分用于根和枝条建造的桑树品种,才能够更经济有效地利用氮素。     

转GmPTF1基因大豆在低磷胁迫下的表现

为研究大豆磷代谢转录因子基因GmPTF1对提高大豆磷利用效率的作用,用根癌农杆菌介导大豆子叶节转化法将GmPTF1导入大豆品种豫豆22.通过测定GmPTF1在转基因植株中的表达量以及苗期转基因植株和野生型对照植株在低磷胁迫下的形态和生理生化表现差异,来分析GmPTF1基因在导入大豆后发挥的生物学功能.结果表明:转基因植株的GmPTF1表达量显著高于野生型对照,其中以T1-32和T1-40为最高.在低磷胁迫下,GmPTF1基因表达增强型转基因大豆(T1-32和T1-40)的根系总长度、根总表面积、根体积、根干重、光合色素含量及植株磷含量都显著高于野生型对照植株,而丙二醛含量显著低于野生型对照植株;植株磷含量与GmPTF1表达量呈显著正相关(R=0.97**),以上结果均表明转基因植株的耐低磷能力优于野生型对照植株.本研究结果为利用转基因手段改善大豆乃至其他作物的耐低磷能力提供依据.     

不同糜子品种对低氮胁迫的生物学响应

采用溶液培养的方法,研究了低氮胁迫下不同糜子品种苗期生物学性状、 氮素吸收利用效率差异及与根系形态生理指标之间的相关关系。 结果表明, 低氮胁迫下,糜子地上部生长受抑程度大于根部,植株氮累积量降低但氮利用效率明显提高。晋黍7号株高、 叶面积、 茎叶干重、 根干重、 总根数、 总吸收面积和活性吸收面积下降幅度在所测试品种中均最小, 其总氮累积量分别是晋黍1号、 晋黍5号、 晋黍8号的1.35、 1.50、 1.39倍,根系氮累积量/总氮量的百分率增加的幅度和地上部氮累积量/总氮量的百分率下降的幅度均最低,分别为9.75% 和 3.47%; 植株氮利用效率比晋黍1号、 晋黍5号、 晋黍8号分别高20.92%、 12.44%、 14.83%。晋黍7号较其他品种更耐低氮胁迫。低氮胁迫下,糜子根系干重、 总根长、 总吸收面积与总氮累积量呈显著线性相关,表明低氮胁迫下,根系形态生理指标对氮素吸收效率起重要作用。     

低磷胁迫对不同品种高粱苗期形态及生理指标的影响

以14个高粱品种为材料,设置5个磷处理水平,对高粱苗期的形态和生理指标进行了研究。结果表明, 1）不同水平磷处理对高粱苗期各形态指标均有极显著影响,其中以0.25 mmol/L作为低磷处理较适合; 2)低磷胁迫对高粱幼苗各形态指标均有不利影响,干重、植株地上部含磷量受低磷的影响较大,可作为耐低磷高粱品种的筛选指标; 3)不同高粱品种对低磷的耐性存在明显的基因型差异, 聚类分析显示八月齐属相对耐低磷性强的品种,农858属低磷敏感型品种; 4)低磷下叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量下降,丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高,除可溶性蛋白外,叶绿素、 MDA、 SOD和POD活性均表现为耐低磷性强的相对变化率较小,耐低磷性弱的相对变化率较大。     

分蘖洋葱伴生对番茄矿质养分吸收及灰霉病发生的影响

【目的】连作栽培已严重影响国内保护地番茄的产量和品质。番茄-分蘖洋葱伴生栽培能缓解番茄连作障碍,保持土壤健康,有效减少番茄生理性卷叶,显著控制土传病害的发生,提高产量5%10%。探索伴生对分蘖洋葱和番茄生长、矿质养分吸收及番茄灰霉病发生的影响有重要意义。【方法】本研究于2012年在温室内采用盆栽的方法,以分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生的栽培模式为研究对象,试验设番茄单作、分蘖洋葱单作、分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生等3个处理,在伴生30 d后测定生长指标(株高,地上干重和地下干重)和根系活力,同时对所有番茄植株进行发病率和病情指数调查。植株称干重并测定N、P、K和Mn含量。用抖根法取番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土,测定其理化性质和土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性。【结果】1)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄株高、地上部干重、地下部干重、根系活力显著升高(P0.05),而伴生条件下分蘖洋葱地上部干重、地下部干重、根系活力显著降低(P0.05);番茄根际土壤脱氢酶与多酚氧化酶活性显著升高(P0.05),而分蘖洋葱根际土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05),伴生番茄和分蘖洋葱根际土壤间脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性差异不显著。2)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄根际土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锰和分蘖洋葱根际的有效磷、有效锰含量显著降低(P0.05),番茄根际土壤中p H、有机质以及分蘖洋葱根际碱解氮、速效钾、p H、有机质无显著变化。3)与单作相比,伴生条件下番茄植株全磷、全锰和分蘖洋葱植株内全氮、全锰均显著升高(P0.05),但番茄植株全氮、全钾含量和分蘖洋葱植株内全磷和全钾含量均无显著变化。4)伴生番茄灰霉病病情指数显著低于单作(P0.05)。番茄灰霉病病情指数与番茄植株全锰含量显著负相关(P0.05),与植株内氮/钾比和氮/锰比极显著正相关(P0.01)。【结论】分蘖洋葱-番茄伴生栽培促进番茄生长但抑制分蘖洋葱生长。与单作相比,伴生的番茄植株内的全磷和全锰含量显著增加(P0.05),且伴生番茄植株内氮/钾和氮/锰比显著降低(P0.01)。分蘖洋葱伴生后显著降低番茄灰霉病的病情指数(P0.05)。综上,分蘖洋葱伴生促进了番茄对磷和锰矿质养分的吸收,提高了番茄抗灰霉病水平并促进了番茄植株的生长。     

不同磷效率玉米自交系根系形态与根际特征的差异

通过三室根袋栽培试验,对3种磷高效型和3种磷低效型的玉米自交系在2种不同磷水平下的植株生物量、吸磷量、根系形态、根际pH值以及根际磷酸酶进行研究,比较不同磷利用率基因型玉米自交系的根系形态及根际特征的差异。结果表明,在低磷情况下,磷利用率高的玉米自交系其植株生物量中的根干重、植株的吸磷量、根系形态中的根尖数与根长以及根际磷酸酶的活性方面均高于磷利用率低的玉米自交系。植株的根部干重:磷高效的1号品种（hp1）显著高于磷低效的2号品种（lp2）,hp2显著高于lp1、lp2、lp3;hp1、hp2的地上部与根系的吸磷量均显著高于lp2、lp3。hp1、hp2根尖数、根长显著高于磷低效型的lp2、lp3。hp1、hp2、hp3根际土壤的酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于lp2、lp3。其他指标如植株地上部分干重、pH值,磷高效型玉米自交系也存在一定优势。所有品种中hp2与lp3的差异最为显著。     

不同基因型大豆生长和结瘤对羟基磷灰石的吸收利用

以来源于东北、西北和南方的15个不同基因型大豆品种作为供试材料,利用砂培培养方法,研究不同基因型大豆利用钙磷的差异。结果表明,钙磷对西北大豆生物量的促进作用最大,其次是南方品种,最后是东北品种。与东北品种比较,西北品种和南方品种生物量分别较东北品种增加32.9%和26.9%。垦农18、垦98-602和黑豆分别与相同来源的其它4个基因型大豆生物量达到5%的差异显著水平。通过比较和方差分析认为,钙磷对促进大豆根生物量增加比对地上部生物量增加的作用大。钙磷对南方和西北大豆根瘤形成的影响比东北的大。钙磷对南方大豆根瘤干重的促进作用最大,其次是东北大豆,最后是西北大豆。然而,方差分析表明,垦农18根瘤干重与东北的其它4个品种差异达到5%显著水平;西北的5个品种根瘤干重未达到差异显著水平;安选普定皂角豆的根瘤干重与其它4个南方品种差异达到5%的显著水平。相同来源的大豆地上部含磷量的平均值进行比较,东北品种地上部含磷量最高,达到2.23gkg-1,西北品种为2.14gkg-1,南方品种仅含有1.69gkg-1;根系含磷量是南方品种最高,达到2.03g kg-1,西北品种为1.66g kg-1,东北品种仅含有1.57g kg-1;根瘤含磷是西北品种最高,达到4.62g kg-1,东北品种为3.80g kg-1,南方品种为3.89g kg-1。不同来源大豆基因型根际pH差异较大,5个品种根际pH的平均值相比较,东北大豆根际pH最高,为6.17,其次是南方大豆为6.01,最低的是西北大豆,pH为5.81。方差分析表明,无论哪种来源的大豆,各品种根际pH都未达到差异显著水平。钙磷利用效率由高到低的顺序是南方、西北和东北品种,分析认为磷素利用效率并不能完全代表作物对钙磷的利用差异,综合作物对磷的吸收累积量将更有代表性。     

苗期耐低磷毛叶苕子品种的筛选及其磷效率类型评价

筛选毛叶苕子耐低磷品种,并评价其磷效率类型,为毛叶苕子磷高效品种的选育和生产应用提供理论依据.采用苗期水培的方法,以22个毛叶苕子品种为供试材料,在低磷(2μmol/L Pi)和正常磷(200μmol/L Pi)处理下,测定毛叶苕子的主根长、株高、地上部干重、根系干重、根冠比、地上部全磷含量和磷累积量,通过主成分分析和...     

低氮胁迫对谷子苗期性状的影响和耐低氮品种的筛选

筛选和培育耐低氮能力强的作物品种,是提高作物氮素利用效率,减少氮肥施用量,降低环境污染的有效措施。本研究以45份谷子品种为试材,采用水培的方法,在低氮(0.1mmol·L~(-1))和正常氮(5mmol·L~(-1))条件下,测定苗高、根长和根数等22个氮效率相关指标,采用综合耐低氮系数法以及基于主成分分析的隶属函数法评价参试谷子品种的耐低氮性。结果表明,与正常氮条件相比,低氮胁迫下,谷子苗期根长、根冠比、地上部氮素生理效率、地下部氮素生理效率、单株氮素生理效率有不同程度提高,其余17个指标都有不同程度降低。两种评价方法均根据45个谷子品种的耐低氮能力将其划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出耐低氮性较强的品种5份,编号分别为11、14、17、35和39。利用GGE双标图对品种-耐低氮相关指标的分析表明,编号39和14的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地下部干重、地下部鲜重、根长;编号为11、35和17的耐低氮品种主要耐低氮性状为地上部鲜重、叶片数、叶宽、叶长、单株氮累积量、地上部氮累积量、单株干质量、地上部干重、地下部氮累积量、根数、苗高和SPAD。可见不同谷子品种的耐低氮机制存在一定差异,研究结果可为谷子耐低氮品种的选育提供材料基础。     

VARIATION IN PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY AMONG BRASSICA CULTIVARS I: INTERNAL UTILIZATION AND PHOSPHORUS REMOBILIZATION

Plants have adapted a number of mechanisms to cope with widespread phosphorus (P) deficiency in arable lands. Crop species and even cultivars differ widely in one or more of these adaptive mechanisms hence, in P efficiency. Identification of these mechanisms is pre-requisite for long term breeding programs. Two independent experiments were conducted to study the possible mechanisms of P efficiency in Brassica cultivars. Eight Brassica cultivars (‘B.S.A.’, ‘Toria’, ‘Toria Selection’, ‘Brown Raya’, ‘Peela Raya’, ‘Dunkeld’, ‘Rainbow’, and ‘CON-1’) were selected on the basis of differences in growth under P deficiency from preliminary experiment. In the first experiment, cultivars were grown for 40 days in sand supplied either with sparingly soluble phosphate rock (PR) or soluble mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP). Cultivars differed significantly (P<0.05) for biomass production, P contents and P use efficiency. Low P availability in PR treatment resulted in significantly lower dry weights and P contents than those grown with MAP. The cultivars ‘Rainbow’, ‘Brown Raya’ and ‘Dunkeld’ accumulated more biomass (3.2 g/pot) and P contents (3.0 mg/pot) than other cultivars when grown with PR. Root dry weight was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, shoot P content and total P content (r > 0.65) indicating significance of improved root growth for P acquisition. While in the second experiment cultivars were grown with adequate P for 30 days and then P was withdrawn from the nutrient solution by replacing fresh P free nutrient solution for 10 days. Induced P deficiency increased P contents in young leaves by two folds indicating remobilization of P from older leaves and shoot. Nonetheless cultivars varied for remobilization but differences in P remobilization could not explain the differences in P utilization efficiency among cultivars. Hence further experimentation to study root morphology, P uptake, and organic acid exudation by these cultivars in relation to P deficiency is recommended.     

Relationships between shoot and root characteristics of white clover cultivars differing in response to phosphorus

Root dry weight and the relationship between shoot and root characteristics for 119 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars and breeding lines were examined at five (40, 120, 200, 400, and 500 mg P/kg soil) phosphorus (P) levels. There were significant (P<0.01) differences among cultivars for root dry weight and root/shoot ratio. Instantaneous root/shoot ratio decreased with increasing P supply up to 200 mg P/kg, and then increased again from 400 to 500 mg P/kg soil. Allometric analysis indicated that root growth relative to shoot growth increased with increasing P supply. There was a significant (P<0.01) cultivar x P level interaction such that for the cultivars, the root/shoot ratio was either unaffected, increasing, or decreasing with increasing level of P supply. However, root/shoot ratio appeared to be unrelated to the functions used to describe the P response of the 119 cultivars studied. Shoot characters such as dry weight, leaf number, and stolon length were most closely correlated with root dry weight at the moderately low P levels of 120 and 200 mg added P/kg, where average P response was 9 and 24% of yields at 500 mg P/kg soil, respectively, rather than at the higher P levels. Root/shoot ratio was significantly correlated (r>0.6) with root dry weight over all P levels but not with any of the measured shoot characters (‐0.2> r <0.3).     

亚磷酸盐作缓释磷肥对黄瓜体内养分吸收和光合特性的影响

本文以黄瓜为材料,采用营养液培养方法,研究了不同亚磷酸盐浓度对黄瓜植株各部位氮、 磷养分含量, 干重及根冠比, 植株氮、 磷总量以及叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,黄瓜果实、 叶片和根部氮含量随亚磷酸盐浓度的增加而增加,茎部氮含量没有显著差异; 果实和茎部磷含量随亚磷酸盐浓度的增加呈增加趋势,根部磷含量呈降低趋势,叶片磷含量没有显著差异; 亚磷酸盐浓度增加到一定浓度时,各部位干重显著降低,根冠比没有显著差异; 植株氮、 磷总量随亚磷酸盐浓度的增加有下降的趋势; 黄瓜叶片净光合速率（Pn）随亚磷酸盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势。本研究结果显示,随着亚磷酸盐浓度的增加,植株表现出缺磷效应,对植株养分元素的吸收及光合作用产生了不利影响。该文讨论了亚磷酸盐作为缓释磷肥的可行性。     

Root growth and nutrient element status of creeping bentgrass cultivars differing in heat tolerance as influenced by supraoptimal shoot and root temperatures

This study was designed to determine and compare root growth and nutritional responses of creeping bentgrass cultivars that differ in heat tolerance to differential, supraoptimal, shoot and root temperatures. Shoots and roots of ‘Penncross’ (heat sensitive) and ‘L‐93’ (heat tolerant) were exposed to four air/soil temperature regimes (20/20°C‐control, 20/35°C, 35/20°C, and 35/35°C) in water baths and growth chambers. Exposing roots to supraoptimal root temperature (35°C) while maintaining shoots at normal temperature (20°C) or particularly at 35°C reduced root fresh weight, root number, and contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in shoots and roots and accelerated root death for both cultivars. High root temperature had greater detrimental effects on root growth and nutrient element accumulation than high shoot temperature for both cultivars. A low root temperature at supraoptimal shoot temperature improved root growth, reduced root mortality; and increased N, P, and K contents in shoots and roots. Among the three nutrient elements, K was the most sensitive to changes in root temperature. L‐93 generally maintained higher fresh weight and number of roots and higher N, P, and K contents in shoots and roots, particularly K in roots, under high root (20/35°C) or shoot/root (35/35°C) temperatures. The results indicated that root growth and nutrient element accumulation, particularly of K, played an important role in creeping bentgrass tolerance to heat stress imposed on shoots by high air temperature or to roots by high soil temperatures. The enhanced root growth and nutrient element relations with a low root temperature at supraoptimal ambient temperatures could lead to the improved shoot growth in cool‐season grasses observed under these conditions.     

Phosphorus Efficiency in Sunflower Cultivars and Its Relationships with Phosphorus,Calcium, Iron,Zinc and Manganese Nutrition

ABSTRACT

Phosphorus (P) efficiency (shoot dry weight at low P/shoot dry weight at high P) of a cultivar is the ability to produce a high yield in a soil that is limited in that element for a standard genotype. The large variation in P efficiency of different crops provides opportunities for screening crop species that perform well on low phosphorus soil. To explain the differences in P efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars a glasshouse pot experiment was conducted by using P-deficient soil [0.5 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)-extractable P 8.54 mg kg^?1] treated with 0 (low P) and 100 mg P kg^?1 soil (high P). The relationship between P efficiency and P, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) nutrition and anthocyanin accumulation was investigated in ten sunflower cultivars. Phosphorus deficiency resulted in significant decreases in the shoot and root yield. Phosphorus-efficient cultivars have the ability to produce higher yield than the inefficient cultivars in a limited P conditions. Our results showed that P-efficient cultivars had lower P concentrations, but higher P content in low P conditions. Phosphorus-efficient cultivars also have lower Ca and Fe concentrations in low P conditions but not in P-sufficient conditions. Applied P resulted in significant decreases in Zn concentrations in the shoots of the cultivars. Anthocyanin concentrations showed an accumulating pattern in all cultivars under P deficiency. The results demonstrated that phosphorus efficiency of the sunflower cultivars depends on their ability to produce higher yield and take up more P, and lower the concentration of Ca and Fe in shoots under low P conditions.     

施磷量对不同品种红小豆形态和生理特性的影响

【目的】研究不同施磷量下作物根系形态、生理适应性及对磷的积累量,不仅可以挖掘作物自身利用磷的潜力,还可筛选出耐磷能力强的品种,提高磷肥的利用率。【方法】以晋红小豆1号、保红小豆8824/17和东北大红袍3个红小豆品种为试材,采用盆栽试验进行试验。设施用P2O50(P1)、50(P2)、100(P3)和200 mg/kg(P4)4个水平,2013年5月18日播种,每盆播种15粒种子,第一片真叶露出后每盆定苗8株,红小豆生长至30 d时,对其植株进行有关指标测定。【结果】对3个红小豆品种进行方差分析和Duncan多重比较,结果为:1)随着供磷量的增加,晋红小豆1号的叶面积升高,株高先升高后降低,而其他两个品种的叶面积和株高都呈现先增高后降低的趋势;红小豆根冠比改变,总根长增加及根面积增大,影响了地上部和总根干物质量。2)随着供磷量的增加,3个品种的红小豆根系活力呈现先增加后降低的趋势,根系磷酸酶呈现下降的趋势,而磷积累量都表现出增加的趋势。3)随着供磷量的增加,SOD、POD活性呈现出先升后降的趋势、MDA含量在低磷和高磷水平下较高,晋红小豆1号的SOD、POD活性低于其他两个品种,MDA含量高于其他两个品种。4)在低磷和高磷水平下叶绿素相对含量较其他水平为低,但差异不显著,最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)上升,初始荧光(Fo)下降。【结论】红小豆可以通过生理反应和改变根系构型来适应不同的磷素养分水平。本研究中红小豆通过伸长根长、增大根面积导致根冠比明显增加,显著改变了干物质在地上部和根系之间的分配来适应不同的磷营养水平。3个品种红小豆从植株形态和生理等指标上均有差异,其中,晋红小豆1号的耐低磷、高磷胁迫能力高于另外两个品种。     

Effect of three vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizae species and phosphorus on reproductive and vegetative growth of three strawberry cultivars 1

A study was undertaken to evaluate the yield, fruit size, and vegetative growth of three strawberry cultivars inoculated with three vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) species at three phosphorus (P) fertility levels. Vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation and P fertility had no effect on inflorescence or flower number, total yield, fruit weight, or crown number. Higher levels of P did not increased total dry shoot weight, total fresh shoot, weight leaf area, total dry root weight, and leaf number in the present of VAM. However, the cultivars responded differently to VAM inoculation. Vesicular‐ arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in combination with P at all levels increased total dry and fresh shoot weight, leaf area, and leaf number compared to application of P alone. The results indicated that it may be possible to increase strawberry stolon production by inoculating the strawberry plants with VAM, a technique which might be useful in nurseries to produce certified strawberry plants.     

Effects of phosphorus and water stress levels on growth and phosphorus uptake of bean and sorghum cultivars

Primary determinants of crop production in arid/semiarid regions are lack of moisture and infertility, especially phosphorus (P) deficiency or unavailability. The effects of P and water stress (WS) levels on shoot and root dry matter (DM), leaf area, root volume, total root length, and shoot and root P concentrations and contents were determined in two bean [Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, cv ‘Tepary #21’ ("drought‐resistant") and P. vulgaris L., cv “Emerson’ ("drought‐sensitive")] and two sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv SA7078 ("drought‐resistant") and ‘Redlan’ ("drought‐sensitive")] cultivars grown in nutrient solution. Plants were grown with different levels of P (20 and 100 μM for bean and 20, 80, and 160 μM for sorghum) when seedlings were transferred to nutrient solution, and WS levels of 0, 13.8, and 1 6.4% polyethylene glycol (PEG‐8000) introduced after plants had grown in solution 23 days (bean) and 31 days (sorghum). All growth traits were lower when bean and sorghum plants were grown with WS and low P. Growth traits were higher in cultivars grown with high compared to low P regardless of WS. Root P concentration and content and shoot content, but not shoot P concentration, were lower when bean plants were grown with WS compared to without WS. Tepary #21 bean had higher shoot DM, leaf area, total root length, and shoot P concentration than Emerson when plants were grown with WS at each level of P. Sorghum shoot and root P concentrations were higher as P level increased regardless of WS, and WS had little effect on shoot P concentration, but root P concentration was higher. Contents of P were similar for SA7078 and Redlan regardless of P or WS treatment, but SA7078 had greater P contents than Redlan over all P and WS treatments. “Drought‐resistant”; cultivars generally had better growth traits, especially total and specific root lengths, than “drought‐sensitive”; cultivars.     

小麦苗期吸收和积累镉能力的品种间差异

采用水培方法,研究了25个小麦品种苗期对镉的吸收和积累的差异,以期筛选具有Cd低积累潜力的小麦品种。结果表明,Cd对地上部干物重有显著抑制作用,对地下部干物重影响因品种而异,对春性品种有抑制作用,对半冬性小麦品种有促进作用。小麦对镉的吸收、积累、耐性指数以及镉运转效率有极显著的品种间差异。在1μmol·L-1的Cd处理下,根系镉含量为33.1～139.7mg·kg-1,积累量为2.12～9.78μg·plant-1,地上部镉含量为3.6～15.3mg·kg-1,积累量为0.45～1.44μg·plant-1,表明小麦体内的Cd主要积累在地下部而非地上部。因此,以地上部Cd积累量为筛选指标,将25个小麦品种划分为Cd高积累型、Cd中积累型、Cd低积累型。