浅谈北京市生态清洁小流域建设规划

生态清洁小流域建设规划是指导生态清洁小流域建设与管理的依据,目前我国尚无统一的生态清洁小流域建设规划方案编制规范可供遵守。从指导思想、基本原则、主要内容和规划步骤4个方面对北京市生态清洁小流域建设规划编制进行了介绍,提出了规划原则、功能区划分标准、规划措施总体布局及管理和治理措施规划的基本内容,最后对规划的步骤进行了简要的探讨。     

《生态清洁小流域建设技术规范》解读

自2013年《生态清洁小流域建设技术导则》(以下简称《技术导则》)出台以来,全国各地大力推进生态清洁小流域建设,制定出台了生态清洁小流域相关地方标准。近年来,水土保持高质量发展、生态文明和美丽中国建设都对生态清洁小流域提出了新的要求,而《技术导则》的内容和深度已难以满足高质量发展的需要。2023年水利部对《技术导则》进行修订,并于7月18日颁布了修订后的《技术导则》——《生态清洁小流域建设技术规范》(以下简称《规范》),从标准修订背景、标准定位、标准原则、标准方法、标准主要内容、修订主要内容和强化内容等6个方面对《规范》进行解读,以期为相关从业单位及从业人员学习、理解和掌握《规范》提供参考。     

生态清洁小流域建设现状与研究展望

简要回顾了我国小流域综合治理发展历程,分析了生态清洁小流域的内涵,从建设模式、措施与技术体系、新技术与新方法的应用、监测与评价等方面介绍了我国生态清洁小流域研究与实践的进展,指出了存在的问题,并提出今后应加强生态清洁小流域理论与技术体系、建设规范与标准和建设机制、监测与评价指标体系等方面的研究,以提高生态清洁小流域的建设与研究水平。     

江苏生态清洁小流域建设实践与成效

近年来,江苏通过编制专项规划、出台管理办法、加强组织领导、加大资金投入、规范建设管理、健全管护机制、注重示范推广等,积极推进丘陵山区及平原沙土区生态清洁小流域建设,累计建成生态清洁小流域96条,为当地经济社会发展和生态环境改善提供了有力支撑,走出了一条适合江苏特点的生态清洁小流域建设发展之路,对今后进一步加强水土流失综合防治、高质量服务乡村振兴具有重要借鉴和引导作用。     

欢迎订阅《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》

正由教授级高级工程师范瑞瑜主编、孙保平教授主审的《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》一书,已由黄河水利出版社正式出版。本书共分上、下两部,第一部为生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制,包括编制提纲和总体结构、各章节的内容、编写方法、图件、表式和应注意的问题等;第二部为生态清洁小流域建设工程设计,重点突出了水土保     

欢迎订阅《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》

正由教授级高级工程师范瑞瑜主编、孙保平教授主审的《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》一书,已由黄河水利出版社正式出版。本书共分上、下两部,第一部为生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制,包括编制提纲和总体结构、各章节的内容、编写方法、图件、表式和应注意的问题等;第二部为生态清洁小流域建设工程设计,重点突出了水土保     

欢迎订阅《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》

正由教授级高级工程师范瑞瑜主编、孙保平教授主审的《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》一书,已由黄河水利出版社正式出版。本书共分上、下两部,第一部为生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制,包括编制提纲和总体结构、各章节的内容、编写方法、图件、表式和应注意的问题等;第二部为生态清洁小流域建设工程设计,重点突出了水土保持综合治理、生态自然修复、面源污染防治、垃圾的回     

欢迎订阅《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》

<正>由教授级高级工程师范瑞瑜主编、孙保平教授主审的《生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制与工程设计》,已由黄河水利出版社出版。本书共分两部,第一部为生态清洁小流域建设实施方案编制,包括编制提纲和总体结构、各章节的内容、编写方法、图件、表式和应注意的问题等;第二部为生态清洁小流域建设工程设计,重点突出了水土保持综合治理、生态自然修复、面源污染防治、垃圾的回收     

蛇鱼川生态清洁小流域水生态环境监测布设研究

生态清洁小流域建设是北京市水源保护和生态环境建设的重要措施.实施小流域水生态环境监测是评价生态清洁小流域建设成果的主要手段之一.以北京市生态清洁小流域建设试点--蛇鱼川小流域为研究对象,初步提出了生态清洁小流域水生态环境监测指标,并进一步探讨了监测点布设原则,监测的频次与方法.     

新疆铁厂沟和水磨河生态清洁小流域治理规划

生态清洁小流域建设是传统小流域综合治理的发展和完善。相对于传统的小流域综合治理,生态清洁小流域建设具有建设内容更加丰富、防治措施更加完善、防治成果更加集成等特点,是现阶段全面解决小流域存在问题的有效途径。结合新疆的实际情况,对处于经济较发达地区的米泉市铁厂沟小流域和奇台县水磨河小流域进行了现场踏勘和资料收集,并编制了治理规划,预测了治理效果。     

生态冷漠症的“诊”与“治”

当今有一部分政府官员患有生态冷漠症,其表现有3种,即面对持续恶化的生态环境麻木不仁,生态建设取得一点成绩便盲目乐观,发生了生态安全问题就怨天尤人。医治生态冷漠症应重点抓好以下3个方面的工作:紧密结合工作实际,切实加强对广大干部的科学发展观教育;完善和推行绿色GDP核算标准,加强对各级政府及其官员的考核;制定和完善有关法律法规,加大对政府行为的约束力度。     

Characterization of aroma compounds of chinese "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors by aroma extract dilution analysis

Aroma compounds in Chinese "Wuliangye" liquor were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) after fractionation. A total of 132 odorants were detected by GC-O in Wuliangye liquor on DB-wax and DB-5 columns. Of these, 126 aromas were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (MS). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was further employed to identify the most important aroma compounds in "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors. The results showed that esters could be the most important class, especially ethyl esters. Various alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, alkylpyrazines, furan derivatives, lactones, and sulfur-containing and phenolic compounds were also found to be important. On the basis of flavor dilution (FD) values, the most important aroma compounds in Wuliangye and Jiannanchun liquors could be ethyl butanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanoic acid, and 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane (FD > or = 1024). These compounds contributed to fruity, floral, and apple- and pineapple-like aromas with the exception of hexanoic acid, which imparts a sweaty note. Several pyrazines, including 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, and 3,5-dimethyl-2-pentylpyrazine, were identified in these two liquors. Although further quantitative analysis is required, it seems that most of these pyrazine compounds had higher FD values in Wuliangye than in Jiannanchun liquor, thus imparting stronger nutty, baked, and roasted notes in Wuliangye liquor.     

The "oxygen paradox" of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria

N₂ fixation by aerobic bacteria is a very energy demanding process, requiring efficient oxidative phosphorylation, while O₂ is toxic for the nitrogenase complex. N₂-fixing bacteria have evolved a variety of strategies to cope with this apparent "O₂ paradox". This review compares strategies that azospirilla and other well-known N₂-fixing soil bacteria use to overcome this O₂ paradox. Attention will be given to the relationships between the natural habitat of these soil bacteria and their prevailing adaptations. In view of this knowledge the following questions will be addressed: are the specific adaptations observed in azospirilla sufficient to allow optimal proliferation and N₂ fixation in their natural habitat? Could improving the O₂ tolerance of the N₂-fixing process contribute to the development of more efficient strains for the inoculation of plants?     

试论将“水土保持”改称“水土生态保持”的科学性

我国“水土保持”一词的提出已有60多年的历史,而治理水土流失的历史则可以追溯到西周初期(公元前16~11世纪)。水和土是陆地生态系统重要的生态因子,而以水和土为首要立地条件的生态植被,是陆地生态系统的第一性生产者,也是水土保持生态效益的直接承担者,所以植被的保护和恢复是水土保持不可或缺的重要部分,生态保护和生态与环境的改善愈来愈成为水土保持不可分割的重要内容。从水土保持的历史和当今不断丰富的水土保持实践来看,应将传统的“水土保持”称谓改称“水土生态保持”,这样更符合水土保持学科发展的需要,能够反映当前水土保持实践,有利于提高全社会对水土保持生态建设的认知度,有利于水土保持的行业管理。     

"林 - 蛙 - 鱼"生态农业模式研究

对杨树 虎纹蛙 罗非鱼("林 - 蛙 - 鱼")生态农业模式进行了3年的研究.结果表明,"林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式经济效益明显,250 m2种养池当年可产生经济效益4 800元左右."林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式也取得了良好的生态效益和社会效益,表现在改善生态环境、维护生物多样性、带动农民发展生产、教育青少年等方面,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的同步发展.     

Sorption-desorption of "aged" sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides in soil

Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine the availability of pesticides in soil for transport, plant uptake, and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide and soil, and for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. The objective of this study was to characterize sorption-desorption of two sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides incubated in soils at different soil moisture potentials. The chemicals were incubated in clay loam and loamy sand soils for up to 12 wks at -33 kPa and at water contents equivalent to 50 and 75% of that at -33 kPa. Chemicals were extracted sequentially with 0.01 N CaCl(2) and aqueous acetonitrile, and sorption coefficients were calculated. Sufficient sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides remained (>40% of that applied) during incubation to allow calculation of sorption coefficients. Aging significantly increased sorption as indicated by increased sorption coefficients. For instance, for sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone remaining after a 12-wk incubation at -33 kPa, K(d) increased by a factor of 4.5 in the clay loam soils and by 6.6 in the loamy sand as compared to freshly treated soils. There was no effect of moisture potential on sorption K(d) values. These data show the importance of characterization of sorption-desorption in aged herbicide residues in soil, particularly in the case of prediction of herbicide transport in soil. In this case, potential transport of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides would be over-predicted if freshly treated soil K(d) values were used to predict transport.     

C语言程序设计教学改革初探

提高C语言程序设计教学效果的方法和手段是教师关注的问题。在教学中让学生充分认识到该课程的重要作用,掌握正确的学习方法,提高课堂教学的效率和质量,提高学生的编程能力,提高学生的动手实践能力,加强各个教学环节的互动。使学习C语言的目的不再局限于使学生单纯地了解和掌握C语言的基本语法规范,而是要致力于培养学生运用C语言解决实际问题的编程能力。     

"数字黄土高原"到"数字水土保持"

立足于黄土高原水土保持与生态环境建设及其科学研究的要求和空间信息科学技术发展的最新动态，通过：数字黄土高原”建立的时代背景及其技术背景，讨论了“数字黄土高原”研究与建设的目标，基本内容，关键技术环节（包括数据库结构，数据集成方法，数据更新，元数据体系建设和数字共享机制）和推广应用等，初步讨论了“数字水土保持”及其与国家空间数据基础设施（NSDI）建设的关系。     

“模型黄土高原”的组成及建设内容

“模型黄土高原”由原型观测系统、实体模型和比尺模型 3部分组成。通过原型观测系统、实体模型和比尺模型的建设与研究 ,可尽快摸清黄土高原各个不同类型区的水土流失规律 ,探求快速、有效的水土保持措施配置和综合治理模式 ,实现对水土保持效益进行科学、定量的分析和评价 ,从而为黄河水土保持生态建设及维持黄河健康生命提供有力的科技支撑和理论依据。介绍了近期工作重点     

Chemometric characterization of the cypriot spirit "zivania"

In 42 alcoholic beverages produced in Cyprus and other countries, 26 chemical and physical-chemical variables were determined by HPLC and GC chromatography, (1)H NMR and ICP spectroscopy, and other techniques. Data were processed using multivariate chemometric techniques, involving principal component analysis, cluster analysis, regularized discriminant analysis, and classification and regression trees. Zivania can be differentiated from beverages from other countries. Using 2- and 3-methyl-butanol, 2-methyl-propanol, furfural, methanol, and the alcoholic grade and the chemical shift of -CH(3) in (1)H NMR spectra as features, a nearly correct classification for zivania was achieved. The reasons for diversions are given.