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1.
铝矿复垦土壤重金属含量变化及污染风险评价   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]对孝义铝矿复垦区土壤重金属含量和污染状况进行研究,为了解和评价矿区复垦土壤重金属污染风险提供科学依据。[方法]采用ICP-MS测定土壤中Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,As,Ni等6种重金属元素含量,分析各含量随复垦年限的变化特征,并用单因子标识指数和内梅罗综合标识指数法对重金属的污染程度进行评价。[结果](1)Cd含量均值为5.19mg/kg,是国家二级标准0.3mg/kg的约10倍,其余5种元素含量均低于国家二级标准。随着复垦年限的延长,Cd含量在0—15cm土层处逐渐降低,在15—30cm土层处逐渐增加。(2)Cd的单项因子污染指数在所有样点均达到5级严重污染水平,其它元素均属清洁水平。内梅罗综合污染指数12.08~13.14,均值12.43,是5级重污染指数的3~4倍,属严重污染水平。(3)复垦用土中6种重金属含量均超过国家2级标准,是复垦土地重金属主要的来源。[结论]复垦区土壤由于复垦用土及后期的施肥和粉尘沉降等所致已被Cd污染,在矿区复垦中,应当严格控制复垦用土的质量。  相似文献   

2.
孝义铝矿复垦土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解和评估复垦区土壤重金属污染风险,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数(The Potential Ecological Risk Index)法,对孝义铝矿复垦3年后的土壤中7种(Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、As、Ni和Zn)重金属质量分数和潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:复垦土壤中,主要超标重金属元素是Cd,7种元素均存在累积效应。污染源主要有复垦用土、农业生产和粉尘等外来影响;其中,Cd、Cr和As 3种元素具有伴随复合污染现象。Cd的污染指数最高,均值为11.54,处于很高的污染等级,污染指数均值顺序为CdPbAsCrNiZnCu;重金属潜在生态风险指数RI为238.39,属于中等生态风险水平。表明孝义铝矿复垦土壤存在中等程度的污染风险,需要减少和控制复垦用土以外的其他染物源进入,降低土壤污染的风险。该研究为复垦土地的利用方式具有重要的现实指导价值,为矿区复垦和治理的措施体系提供科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
云南省个旧锡矿区重金属污染评价及植被恢复初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对云南个旧锡矿区废弃地重金属的野外调查和室内测定,运用地质累积指数对重金属污染进行了评价.结果表明,研究区废弃地重金属含量从高到低依次为Cd>Mn>Pb>As>Zn>Cu=Fe,其中Cd和Mn的地质累积指数最高,平均达到了4.55以上,污染等级达到5级,属于强度污染到极强度污染;Pb的地质累积指数平均达到了3.08以上,污染等级为4级,属于强度污染;As和Zn的平均地质累积指数分别为2.37和1.97,污染等级分别为3级和2级,达到了中度污染以上;Cu和Fe的平均地质累积指数均小于0,没有产生污染;采用造林措施对矿区废弃地进行复垦较采用农业措施对于治理矿区重金属污染具有更好的效果,因此可以采用覆土造林方式作为矿区废弃地复垦的主要方式.最后,结合不同地块重金属污染状况评价结果,提出了针对废弃地进行植被恢复的主要植物种.  相似文献   

4.
矿区复垦土壤种植小麦的重金属安全性   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
为分析矿区充填复垦土壤种植农作物的生态安全性,以中国徐州市柳新矿区复垦场地为例,对照当地农田土壤,对充填场地种植小麦不同部位As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn 7种重金属元素含量进行检测,分析了Cd、Cr在成熟小麦不同器官中的分布、富集情况,并利用单项污染指数法和综合指数法对小麦籽粒进行了风险评价。结果表明,三场地中Cd 和Hg在未成熟苗中的含量小于成熟茎中的含量,Cr、Cu和Zn则与之相反,Pb和As的含量规律性不太明显;复垦场地小麦未成熟根的重金属含量都小于成熟根中的含量;比照地中除Cr 和Zn之外,其余元素在未成熟根中的含量均大于成熟根的含量;参照粮食污染限量标准,小麦籽粒中Cd和Cr含量均超标。风险评价显示三场地小麦籽粒中Cd、Cr单项污染指数达到轻度至重度水平,综合污染指数处于轻度污染至中度污染水平之间。该研究对矿区粮食安全的监控具有重要的实际应用价值。  相似文献   

5.
矿山土地复垦适宜性评价能够正确合理地确定矿山损毁土地复垦方向。基于此,以府谷县伙盘沟煤矿为例,根据矿山实际,分析了矿区土地利用现状及损毁土地情况,对土地复垦适宜性进行了评价,为矿区土地复垦提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
薛建春  白中科 《水土保持研究》2012,19(1):246-249,276
随着采矿业的迅速发展,矿区原有的生态系统遭到破坏,使得矿区生态环境的脆弱性凸现。而土地复垦作为土地整理的一个重要部分,成为我国矿区土地资源利用管理,矿区资源、生态可持续发展的重要手段。在土地复垦的研究当中,复垦方案实施监测评价有其重要意义。以生态脆弱矿区为研究区域,建立了适合评价矿区土地复垦方案实施监测的五级评价等级,并划分了土地质量监测、生态监测、经济监测、社会监测和资金监测5个准则层21个指标体系。采用模糊综合评价法对平朔矿区土地复垦实施监测进行实例研究,发现平朔矿区土地复垦实施总体水平较好,通过复垦实施可以改善矿区的生态、经济与社会效益,但土地质量状况一般。因此,在今后的复垦实施中要加大对土地质量的监测,采用多种手段改良目前的土地质量状况,确保复垦修复良性发展,增强复垦效益。  相似文献   

7.
以大冶典型铜矿区为中心,辐射周边农田,探索农田土壤重金属污染特征及重金属在油菜中的积累变化规律。结果表明,以湖北省土壤背景值进行评价,土壤受到重金属不同程度的污染,其中Cd严重超标,Cu次之;采用国家二级标准进行评价,Zn、Cr和Pb未对土壤造成污染。进行内梅罗综合污染指数法评价发现,以土壤背景值为评价标准,各采样点均达到重金属严重污染水平;以国家二级标准评价时,只有2号采样点土壤属于中度污染水平,其他样点土壤都受到了较为严重的重金属污染。矿区农田油菜各部位重金属含量变化幅度较大,包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Co在内的5种重金属含量分布规律都是茎叶〉籽粒≈根,Mn则是籽粒〉茎叶〉根。油菜地上部植株中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量均超出食品卫生标准最高限值,且Cd、Pb超标倍数远大于Cu、Zn。富集系数变化规律为Mn〉Zn〉Cd〉Ni〉Cu〉Pb垌Co。  相似文献   

8.
闭矿后矿区土地复垦生态安全评价研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
该文运用模糊数学与层次分析法相结合对闭矿后的矿区土地复垦生态安全进行评价。将影响矿区土地复垦生态安全的土壤因素、水文因素、地质因素、风因素、矸石山因素、采空区因素以及其他因素作为影响因素的第一层加以考虑,建立数学模型。根据权重及安全性等级的隶属度得到模糊矩阵,进一步求得矿区土地复垦的生态安全度。作者以某关闭矿区为例,进行了复垦土地安全性评价,结果表明该矿区复垦土地的生态安全性较高。该方法对闭矿后矿区土地复垦生态安全评价具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
张三壕铁矿床共圈定12条矿体,矿区面积1.577 5 km2,地质环境质量中等.矿山开采设计生产能力为30万t/a,规模为中型,属新建工程.现存地质环境问题主要为废石场占用破坏土地、植被问题,预测地质环境问题主要为开采引发的地面塌陷地质灾害和废石占用破坏土地、植被问题.其中塌陷区、废石场、尾矿库、选矿厂及采矿工业区为矿山环境影响程度较严重区,其它为矿山环境影响较轻区.根据矿山特点和地质环境问题,按照防治轻重缓急、分阶段实施的原则,可采用固废回填、覆土、绿化等矿山环境治理工程,从环境污染治理、生态恢复、环境监测与管理三个层面进行综合治理与保护.  相似文献   

10.
湛江市郊区蔬园土壤重金属含量分析及其污染评价   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用原子吸收光谱法测定了湛江市郊区蔬园土壤的镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)含量,并参照国家颁布的土壤环境质量标准(GB15618—95)对其重金属污染作出了评价。结果表明:文章村菜园土壤的Cu,Zn和Cd含量超标,为轻污染级,北门村和文章村菜园土壤未受到重金属污染,但属于警戒级。  相似文献   

11.
Physical and chemical properties and the total content of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in waters and soils were studied from the High Moulouya Valley (Morocco) in order to assess the impact of the past mining activity on their quality and to lay the foundations of a potential reclamation of the area. Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from the Moulouya River and mine pit lakes; tailings and soils were sampled inside and outside the mine sites of Zeïda, Mibladen, and Aouli. Both waters and soils were alkaline, due to the limestone environment, and contained Pb and Zn as main metallic contaminants. Pollution levels were highest within the Mibladen mining site, and soil pollution was mainly restricted to the areas where activities of metal concentration were carried out. Tailings and soils from these areas besides Pb and Zn were also polluted by As, Cd, and Cu showing clay fraction highly enriched in metal contaminants. At the time of study, all soils and wastes (including the highly polluted tailings) were in advanced stage of spontaneous herbaceous and arbustive revegetation. It is concluded that, in the High Moulouya Valley, the processes governing PTM transfer from the element-rich sites to the nearby environment are strongly influenced by pH, carbonate content, and semi-arid climate reducing metal mobility from the mining waste impoundments by dissolution. The transfer by wind and water erosion of metal-enriched fine waste particles is likely to be a much more important vector for metal dispersion. In this perspective, among a range of land remediation techniques available, natural and oriented revegetation could represent a low-cost and possible permanent solution.  相似文献   

12.

Purpose

Geochemical and mineralogical studies of soils potentially polluted by trace elements are basic to find the source of pollution, to understand the behavior of the contaminants in the environment, and to propose remediation and reclamation actions. This work reviews the role of the Mineralogy and Geochemistry to assess the hazard of soil contamination by trace elements in mining areas, focusing on three different case studies carried out in the Andalusian community (South Spain), with a Mediterranean temperate climate.

Materials and methods

Two significant mining districts were selected for this work: the Linares-La Carolina (Pb-Zn ores) and the Riotinto (Iberian Pyrite Belt, IPB) mining areas. Another case study was the Guadiamar basin, which soil was polluted by the spill produced in 1998 by the breakage of a mine tailing impoundment in Aznalcóllar mines (IPB). Soils, mine waste, and secondary precipitates were studied to approach the source of the pollution and the fate of the contaminants. Chemical composition (major and trace elements), soil parameters, and mineralogy of all materials selected were studied. In addition, the bioavailability of trace elements was determined by different methods.

Results and discussion

Pyrite and secondary phases are the main sources of pollution in the Riotinto area. Their stability is a key factor in the release of trace elements. The availability of trace elements in soils was lower in unpolluted leptosols than in contaminated orchards. In Linares-La Carolina, a severe pollution by Pb and a high availability (10–70% extracted with EDTA) were found. In Guadiamar basin, the residual pyrite sludge continues releasing trace elements to soil. Cd and Zn were mobile at pH <?6 and As at pH >?8, and Pb was quite immobile. Cd, Zn, and Pb can be coprecipitated by carbonates while As is mainly adsorbed by clays and iron oxyhydroxides.

Conclusions

The geochemical studies of soils polluted by mining activities allow to evaluate the availability of trace elements and their retention in soils. Therefore, geochemical and mineralogical studies are necessary for the assessment of soil pollution and remediation actions.
  相似文献   

13.
内蒙古草原白乃庙铜矿区土壤重金属污染特征研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对位于内蒙古荒漠草原上的白乃庙铜矿采选矿区土壤和尾矿区周围土壤重金属污染状况进行了调查研究。结果表明,矿区土壤中Cu、Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn浓度均高于内蒙古土壤平均值。单因子指数法评价结果表明,五个调查区域土壤都受到了重金属Cu、Cr、Ni、Mn、Fe的污染,其中Cu为重污染,Cr、Ni、Mn、Fe为轻污染,Pb为安全级别,Zn和As只对某些区域有轻污染。综合污染指数法评价结果表明,五个调查区域的土壤重金属污染等级均属重污染,主要贡献元素是Cu,其次是Cr、Ni、Mn、Fe,这与尾矿砂中这些重金属的浓度是相对应的。由于周边地形复杂,多为低山丘陵,所以该地区主导风向对于尾矿库区不同方向土壤重金属污染水平的影响差异并不显著。  相似文献   

14.
鸡西矿区废弃地重金属含量及其污染评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以黑龙江省鸡西市矿区废弃地为研究区,对不同矿区废弃地(石墨尾矿、电厂煤灰坝和工矿采石场)重金属元素Zn,Ni,Cr,As,Pb,Hg进行含量分析和污染评价,结果表明:石墨尾矿Zn和Ni含量、电厂煤灰坝Ni含量均较高,且超过了国家土壤环境质量二级标准;Cr,As和Pb含量在3种矿区废弃地中均未超过二级标准,其中除Zn和Cr在电厂煤灰坝低于一级标准外,其他均高于一级标准,而Hg含量均超过了三级标准,说明Hg是主要也是最强烈的污染源。综合污染指数在石墨尾矿、煤灰坝和采石场分别达到了5.60,3.74,7.66,污染等级达到了重污染,说明这3种废弃地是强烈的污染源,会对矿区周围的生态环境产生严重威胁和污染,并提出了防治对策。  相似文献   

15.
以淮南矿区煤矸石充填复垦地为研究对象,对该复垦区不同土地利用方式(小麦地、桃林、蔬菜大棚、油菜地)下土壤Cd,Zn,As,Ni,Cu,Pb,Cr,Mn共8种重金属含量进行了分析和评价。结果表明,相对土壤背景值,该复垦区土壤中Zn,Cr,Mn,As污染较为严重相对未复垦区,复垦区土壤中的Zn,Cd,As分别是未复垦区的4.38,2.57和2.20倍,具有明显的累积现象。不同土地利用方式土壤重金属含量差异较大,小麦地和桃林地的Zn,Cd,As含量远大于油菜地和蔬菜大棚,Cr含量则表现为桃林地、蔬菜地远大于小麦地和油菜地,Ni,Cu,Mn,Pb在4种土地利用类型下的差异不显著。土地利用方式、施肥以及受采矿活动的影响程度不同是导致土壤重金属含量差异的主要原因。淮南煤矿复垦土壤中各重金属的生态风险顺序为:Cd>Zn>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn。Cd的潜在生态风险值最大(89.71),属于强生态风险,其余元素均为轻微风险。不同土地利用方式的风险顺序为:小麦地>桃林地>蔬菜大棚>油菜地。  相似文献   

16.
矿山及周边地区多金属污染土壤修复研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文阐述了矿区多金属污染土壤植物修复的研究现状及其修复实践。结合国内外多金属污染土壤修复技术与机理研究动态,指出当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题及未来的研究方向;同时考虑矿山及周边地区重金属污染土壤的不同特点,提出今后的重点是开展分别以植物稳定和植物提取为核心的植物-微生物-化学联合修复机理研究及修复体系建设。  相似文献   

17.
中国东北多煤层老矿区采煤沉陷地损毁特征与复垦规划   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
多煤层老矿区开采时间长,土地损毁程度严重,沉陷地再利用情况复杂。该文通过实地调查和搜集各煤矿地质地形图、采掘图、储量图和采矿历史等资料,借助矿区沉陷预计软件(MSPS),运用概率积分法对鹤岗矿区沉陷地近期(2014-2020年)和远景(2021年-闭矿)2个阶段进行沉陷预测,并采用ArcGIS软件对数据进行统计分析。根据有关规程中各地类沉陷地损毁程度判定标准对鹤岗采煤沉陷地损毁程度进行划分。基于鹤岗采煤沉陷地损毁特征,提出鹤岗矿区沉陷地时空复垦的规划模式。结果表明:随着煤炭不断开采,多煤层老矿区沉陷范围不断扩大,土地损毁程度加重,地表最大下沉深度达39.4 m;沉陷地在进行再利用过程中存在阶段性变化特征,可根据特定阶段沉陷地损毁特征制定土地用途。沉陷地区域稳定性特征和损毁程度是进行沉陷地时空复垦规划的重要依据。从时间安排看,应以闭矿沉陷地损毁程度为着眼点,全面考虑,确定各区域稳沉时序,鹤岗采煤沉陷划分为优先永久治理区、优先临时治理区、动态治理区和未来治理区;从空间布局看,前3个治理区功能定位依次为接续替代产业用地、短期工业用地和农业用地。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

In Vietnam, the Co Dinh mine is the largest chromite mine in the country. Mining, ore dressing and disposal of the tailings provide obvious sources of heavy metal contamination in the mine area. The present study examined the influence of chromite mining activities on the adjacent lowland paddy field by investigating heavy metal and As levels in the mine tailings, sediments, paddy soils and water. At paddy fields located near the mine tailings, the total contents of Cr, Co and Ni were 5,750, 375 and 5,590?mg?kg?1, and the contents of their water-extractable form were 12.7, 1.16 and 32.3?mg?kg?1, respectively. These results revealed severe contamination of lowland paddy soils with Cr, Co and Ni as a result of mining activity, suggesting serious health hazards through agricultural products, including livestock in this area. The principal source of the pollution was sediment inflow owing to the collapse of the dike, which was poorly constructed by heaping up soil. Moreover, water flowing out from the mining area was also polluted with Cr and Ni (15.0–41.0 and 20.0–135?μg?L?1, respectively). This might raise another problem of heavy metal pollution of watercourses in the area, indicating the need for further investigation and monitoring of fluctuations of water quality with seasonal changes.  相似文献   

19.
This study assessed the arsenic and heavy metal contaminations of agricultural soils around the tin and tungsten mining areas in Dai Tu district in northern Vietnam. Among the examined elements, high total contents of As and Cu were found in the agricultural fields at both tin and tungsten mining sites. Although the major part of the accumulated As and Cu were bound by various soil constituents such as Fe and Mn oxides, organic matter, and clay minerals, increases in water soluble As and Cu were observed, especially for the paddy fields. The results suggest that, in the studied area, As and Cu dispersion from their pollution sources into farmlands is mainly via fluvial transportation of mine waste through streams that cross the paddy fields around the tin mining area, and soil erosion at the tea fields located at lower positions of the slope in the tungsten mining area.  相似文献   

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