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广东大豆地方种质磷效率特性研究Ⅰ.大豆基因型磷效率特性差异及其与土壤有效磷含量的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在低磷红壤上,对原产广东省的大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merrill)基因型磷效率与其来源地土壤有效磷含量的关系进行研究.结果表明:植株磷素吸收量相对值(RVPPU)不仅可以反映大豆对低磷红壤生长适应性,而且可以反映大豆基因型磷效率特性,RVPPU是衡量田间生长适应性和磷效率特性的较好指标.RVPPU较大的大豆基因型,其对低有效磷红壤环境适应性较好,磷效率特性较佳;反之,亦然.不同大豆基因型,具有不同的磷效率特性.磷效率特性的形成与土壤有效磷含量有关.土壤中低有效磷含量与较佳的磷效率特性形成有关,长期生长在有效磷含量较低的砖红壤、赤红壤、红壤和紫色土上的大豆基因型具有较佳的磷效率特性;而长期生长在有效磷含量较高的水稻土、潮土上的大豆基因型其磷效率特性较差.大豆基因型较佳的磷效率特性是其长期在低有效磷土壤环境下进化形成的. 相似文献
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本研究以磷高效转基因水稻OsPT4为材料,以非转基因亲本日本晴(Nipp)和磷高效突变体水稻PHO2为对照,设施磷和不施磷2个处理,利用根盒试验研究磷高效转基因水稻OsPT4的种植对根际及非根际土壤无机磷组成的影响。结果表明:(1)Os PT4和PHO2的植株干重和磷含量均显著高于Nipp,而土壤全磷和无机磷总量均低于Nipp;(2)Os PT4和PHO2水稻根际和非根际土壤无机磷组分含量均表现为O-PFe-PAl-PCa-P;(3)施磷处理时,Os PT4和PHO2的根际土壤O-P、Ca-P含量显著低于Nipp,其非根际土壤Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量也显著低于Nipp。不施磷处理时,Os PT4和PHO2的根际土壤Fe-P含量和非根际土壤Fe-P、O-P含量均显著低于Nipp,其根际土壤Ca-P含量显著高于Nipp。说明在供磷条件下,磷高效转基因水稻对A1-P、O-P和Ca-P的吸收活化能力较强,而缺磷条件下,磷高效转基因水稻可促进其根系对Fe-P的吸收利用。 相似文献
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在水培条件下研究了11个南方春大豆地方品种和育成品种对低磷胁迫反应的差异及其与酸性磷酸酶活性(APA)的相关关系。结果表明,不同大豆品种的地上部干重、根干重、植株全磷和全氮积累量差异极显著(P<0.01),表现出品种间耐低磷的差异性。大豆品种地上部干重、根干重、植株全磷和全氮量与APA的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。APA是大豆品种磷效率的一种机制,它可作为耐低磷品种筛选的一个生化指标。 相似文献
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磷石膏在红壤上的肥料效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过连续两年的大田和盆栽试验表明,在缺磷红壤旱地上,磷石膏对大豆,玉米,甘薯均有增产作用,效果优于等磷量磷铵,而在普遍施用过磷酸钙的红壤性稻田,磷石膏不表现增产效果,在红壤上,磷石膏肥效的主导因子是磷素,过高量施用磷石膏(1000kg/亩)将对玉米产生不良作用。 相似文献
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中酸性土壤无要磷形态及生物学有效性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在黄棕壤和棕红壤上施用磷肥,经三年室内温润条件下培养,用石灰性土壤无机磷分极方法测定各形态磷含量,各形态磷增量的分配比例表明,Fe-P居首位,其次为Al-P为O-P,三级Ca-P之和在20%以下,经培养的土壤种植黑麦草,其生物量和吸磷量与各形态磷量的关系除Ca10-P外,均达到极显著水准。 相似文献
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通过盆栽模拟试验,探讨不同施磷量对玉米 -大豆间作作物生长及磷吸收的影响,并分析根际红壤中各无机磷形态的变化。结果表明:与单作相比,玉米 -大豆间作显著提高了作物地上部生物量及磷素吸收量,并具有明显的产量优势。与常规施磷水平(P100)下的单作相比,玉米 -大豆间作条件下,磷肥减施 1/2(P50)并未降低作物籽粒产量与玉米的磷吸收量。间作种植显著降低了玉米、大豆根际红壤总无机磷含量,并且无机磷减少量主要以O-P、Fe-P和 Ca-P为主。玉米、大豆根际土壤Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P与 O-P占土壤总无机磷含量的比例主要受磷水平的调控,而种植模式对玉米和大豆根际土壤中各无机磷形态的比例(除 Fe-P外)均没有影响。在本试验条件下,玉米 -大豆间作通过根系交互作用主要促进土壤中 Fe-P、Ca-P和 O-P的活化来增加玉米与大豆的磷吸收,并具有节约磷肥、维持作物产量和磷吸收的潜力。 相似文献
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分析不同利用方式红壤中生物有效性磷组分的剖面垂直变化特征与差异,以探明土壤磷素的根际过程。 以江西鹰潭孙家典型红壤小流域观测站为依托,以位于小流域坡上、坡中及坡下花生旱地与稻田红壤为研究对象,基于土壤磷素的生物有效性分级方法,分析了坡耕地红壤发生层中可溶性磷(CaCl2-P)、易被有机酸活化释放的磷(Citrate-P)、易被磷酸酶矿化的有机磷(Enzyme-P)、矿物结合态磷(HCl-P)及全磷、有效磷的含量变化;探讨了土壤全氮、有机质、铁铝氧化物等指标与各组分磷的相关关系。 坡耕地红壤耕作层土壤全磷、有效磷均显著高于底层土壤,稻田红壤耕作层全磷和有效磷均随坡位降低而显著降低,而花生旱地的有效磷则呈相反变化、且坡中土壤全磷显著高于坡上与坡下。各生物有效磷组分含量大小依次为:HCl-P > Citrate-P > CaCl2-P > Enzyme-P,且均随剖面深度增加而降低,但受坡位影响无明显规律性。稻田红壤剖面土壤全磷平均含量高于花生旱地,但有效磷则相反;稻田红壤耕作层中仅Enzyme-P含量显著高于花生旱地。相关分析表明,坡耕地红壤HCl-P、Citrate-P及CaCl2-P均与有效磷显著正相关,与全氮、全磷、有机质极显著正相关,与游离铁氧化物含量则极显著负相关;而稻田红壤HCl-P及Citrate-P与游离铝氧化物显著负相关。 孙家流域内坡耕地红壤发生层中各组分磷含量均随剖面深度增加而降低,但受坡位影响无明显规律性。花生旱地与稻田红壤剖面有效磷分别主要来自于HCl-P、Citrate-P与CaCl2-P、Citrate-P;土壤全氮、全磷、有机质和铁铝氧化物是影响坡耕地红壤磷生物有效性的主要因子,在实际生产中可通过增施有机肥与调节游离态铁铝氧化物数量来提高坡耕地红壤磷素的生物有效性。 相似文献
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中国南方红壤丘陵区大豆-柑橘间作系统植物磷的吸收特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A field microplot experiment was conducted in the red soil hilly region of South China to evaluate plant phosphorus (P)uptake under soybean and citrus monoculture and the soybean-citrus intercropping system using the 32P tracer technique. P fertilizer was applied at three depths (15, 35, and 55 cm). The experimental results showed that the planting pattern and 32P application depth significantly affected the characteristics of P uptake by soybean and citrus. Under the soybean-citrus intercropping system, considerable competition was observed when the 32P fertilizer was applied to the topsoil (15 cm); therefore, the 32P recovery rate declined by 41.5% and 14.7% for soybean and citrus, and 32P supplying amount of topsoil to soybean and citrus decreased by 346.8 and 148.1 mg plot-1, respectively, compared to those under the monoculture. However, 32P recovery of soybean was promoted when 32P fertilizer was applied to the deeper soil layers (35 and 55 cm)under soybean-citrus intercropping. Under the soybean monoculture, 32P fertilizer could hardly be used by soybean when 32P fertilizer was applied at the 55 cm depth or below, with the recovery rate being less than 0.1%; it was up to 0.253% by soybean under intercropping. The higher P recovery of soybean under soybean-citrus intercropping when P was applied in the deeper soil layers was because part of the P nutrient that the citrus absorbed from the deeper soil layers could be released into the topsoil and then it could be used by the soybean. 相似文献
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Ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungi could form symbiosis with plant roots and participate in nutrient absorption; however, many EM species commonly found in forest soils, where phosphorus(P) concentration and availability are usually very low, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, have not yet been investigated for their efficiencies to mobilize soil P. In this study, fungal growth, P absorption,efflux of protons and organic acids, and soil P depletion by four isolates of EM fungi isolated either from acidic or calcareous soils were compared in pure liquid culture using soil as a sole P source. Boletus sp. 7(Bo 7), Lactarius deliciosus 3(Ld 3), and Pisolithus tinctorius 715(Pt 715) from acidic and P-deficient soils of southwestern China showed higher biomass and P concentration and accumulation than Cenococcum geophilum 4(Cg 4) from a calcareous soil of Inner Mongolia, northern China, after 4 weeks of liquid culture. Oxalate, malate, succinate, acetate, and citrate concentrations in the culture solutions varied significantly with fungal species,and oxalate accounted for 51.5%–91.4% of the total organic acids. Organic acids, particularly oxalate, in the culture solutions may lead to the solubilization of iron-bound P(Fe-P), aluminum-bound P(Al-P), and occluded P(O-P) from soil phosphates. Fungal species also varied greatly in proton efflux, which decreased the culture solution pH and may dissolve calcium-bound P(Ca-P) in soil.This could be the reason for the increment of both inorganic P in the culture solutions and Olsen P in the soil when EM fungi were present. Total inorganic P, the sum of Al-P, Fe-P, O-P, and Ca-P, in the culture solutions was positively correlated with the total concentration of organic acids in the culture solutions(r = 0.918*, n = 5), but negatively with both the total inorganic P in soil(r =-0.970**, n = 5) and the culture solution pH(r =-0.830*, n = 5). These suggested variable efficiencies of EM fungal species to mobilize inorganic P fractions from soil, which could make EM trees to utilize inorganic P in the same way like EM fungi and adapt to the soils with various P concentrations and availabilities. 相似文献
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【目的】合理的土壤磷素管理对作物生产和环境保护具有重要意义。南方双季稻田土壤磷素特征及磷素吸收信息相对缺乏,本文利用江西省稻田土壤质量演变定位监测试验为平台,系统分析长期不同施肥措施下土壤全磷、磷活化系数及水稻磷素吸收量的变化特征和全磷与磷盈亏的响应关系等,为指导磷肥合理施用提供重要科学依据。【方法】从1984年开始在江西省南昌市进行长期定位试验,设置8个处理,分别为不施肥对照(CK),PK、NP、NK、NPK、70%化肥氮+30%有机肥氮(70F+30M)、50%化肥氮+50%有机肥氮(50F+50M)、30%化肥氮+70%有机肥氮(30F+70M)。早稻施用纯N、P2O5和K2O量分别为150、60和150 kg/hm^2,晚稻分别为180、60和150 kg/hm^2。早、晚稻施用的氮、磷、钾化肥均分别为尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾,有机肥分别为紫云英(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为0.30%、0.08%、0.23%)和腐熟猪粪(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为0.45%、0.19%、0.60%)。除30F+70M处理,其余处理均为等氮磷钾设计。于1984-2012年每年早、晚稻收获期采集秸秆和稻谷计产,并于晚稻收获后,测定土壤全磷和有效磷含量。分析土壤全磷、磷活化系数(PAC)及早、晚稻磷素吸收量随种植年限的变化规律,研究土壤全磷含量与磷累积盈亏的响应关系。【结果】经29年连续试验,NK处理土壤全磷含量以每年4.6 mg/kg的速度下降,而含磷化肥处理土壤全磷含量升高速率为3.3~19.4 mg/(kg·a)。有机无机配施处理(70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)升高速率平均为16.1 mg/(kg·a),是施NPK肥处理的4.89倍。施磷土壤全磷含量平均增至1.07 g/kg (2010-2012平均值),较初始值提高了1.18倍。不施磷肥处理土壤磷活化系数(PCA)由试验初始的4.24%下降至2.5%左右,施磷肥处理则均显著升高,其中有机无机配施处理平均升高至8.51%,平均年升高速率是施NPK处理的2.89倍。早、晚稻磷素吸收量,施磷肥(PK、NP和NPK)和化肥配施有机肥处理(70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)均显著高于CK,提高幅度分别为29.9%~124%和28.6%~103%,均衡施肥(NPK、70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)磷素吸收量显著高于不均衡施肥(PK和NP)处理,前者平均分别较后两者提高了38.7%和32.9%。早、晚稻产量与磷素吸收量呈极显著线性正相关关系,每吸收磷(P) 1 kg,早稻和晚稻产量分别可提高115和106 kg/hm^2。不施肥(CK)条件下,土壤全磷变化与累积磷盈亏间无显著相关关系,施NK肥处理土壤中每亏缺磷100 kg/hm^2,土壤全磷含量降低6.0 mg/kg,施化学磷肥的3个处理,土壤中每盈余磷100 kg/hm^2,平均提高9.3 mg/kg,而3个有机–无机配施处理,土壤中每盈余磷100 kg/hm^2,平均增加63.3 mg/kg,是无机磷肥的6.78倍。【结论】无论是单施化学磷肥,还是有机无机配施均有效提高土壤全磷含量及磷活化系数,且在等磷量投入条件下,有机无机配施较单施化肥的效果更优。建议减少中国南部红壤性稻田土壤的总磷输入量和提高有机肥施用比例,以改善粮食生产和保护环境。 相似文献
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Jessé Fink Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez Caroline Pontes Souza Clovis Pierozan Junior Frank Silvano Lagos Gustavo Frosi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(13):1736-1746
ABSTRACT Although cherry-tomato is becoming more popular in the last years, there are no specific recommendations for P and K fertilization or liming strategies for this specific variety. Our aim was to assess rates of P and K and liming strategies in order to improve the yield of cherry-tomato grown on an Oxisol with a limited P-availability. Two pot experiments were developed. In the first-one, a two-factor factorial design was developed with 4 P (first-factor) and 4 K rates (second-factor), being these rates the 0%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of the recommended fertilization for tomato in South-Brazil. In the second experiment, the soil pH (4.3) was adjusted to 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 with limestone. Soil P-availability, plant growth, diameter, number of fruits and cherry tomato yields were increased with the P addition, while a non-significant effect was observed after adding K. The highest yield was produced with 50% of the suggested amount of P for tomato in comparison with the non-fertilized plants (yield increase of 674%), while higher P rates (100% and 200%) produced a lower yield increase. The significant effect of soil liming was observed on increase of the flower bunches number when the soil pH was amended to 6.5. Cherry-tomato requirements seem to be different from the recommended for other varieties. Our results indicate that higher yields were achieved with a lower amount of chemical inputs than the recommended for tomato in general, stressing the importance of P for tomato cherry production over the other factors assessed here. 相似文献
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本文应用蒋柏藩和顾益初(1989)提出的石灰性土壤无机磷的分级方法,对我国北方主要的石灰性土类进行了无机磷形态分级的研究,并对其有效性作出了初步评价。供试的甘肃、陕西和河南的16种土壤的无机磷形态的分布情况为:Ca2-P平均占无机磷总量的1.34%,Ca-P占9.91%,Al-P占4.27%,Fe-P占4.40%,O-P占10.9%,Ca10-P占69.1%。生物试验的结果表明:Ca2-P型的磷酸盐是最有效的,也是作物磷素营养的主要来源;Ca8-P、Al-P和Fe-P可以作为缓效磷源;Ca10-P和O-P只是一种潜在磷源。本研究为石灰性土壤无机磷的研究和磷肥的合理施用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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目的研究不同母质发育的水稻土改旱地后土壤有效磷变化特征及主要影响因素,为红壤区磷素高效利用提供依据。方法采集3种母质(石灰岩、第四纪红色黏土和砂页岩)发育的水稻土及相邻的水田改旱地土壤样品,分析了土壤全磷、有效磷、水溶性磷和无机磷组分(Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P和O-P)的变化特征,通过主成分分析(PCA)和随机森林分析,探究水田改旱地后土壤磷素有效性变化的主要驱动因子。结果水田改为旱地后,石灰岩、砂页岩发育的土壤有效磷含量分别增加了20.48和17.60 mg/kg (P <0.05),但水溶性磷含量均低于磷素环境阈值;土壤磷活化系数分别提高了2.67和2.22个百分点;Al-P含量分别增加了46.07和51.28 mg/kg;石灰岩发育的土壤Fe-P含量增加了62.11 mg/kg。相关分析表明,水田改旱地后,Fe-P、Al-P与磷活化系数呈显著或极显著正相关,PCA和随机森林分析结果表明Fe-P、Al-P是土壤磷素有效性变化的主要驱动因子。结论湘南红壤丘陵区水田改为旱地后,第四纪红色黏土发育的红壤磷素有效性未发生显著变化,石灰岩和砂页岩发育的土壤磷素有效性由于铁磷和铝磷在全磷中比例的增加而显著提升。3种母质发育的水田改旱地后,其水溶性磷含量均低于环境磷阈值,引发磷淋失的风险较低。 相似文献
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Xiaoyan Ai Xiaosu Tian Siqian Yang Shenghao Ai Xue Jiang Meihua Sheng Yingwei Ai 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2023,34(12):3539-3549
When a cut slope is excavated, the ecological environment in the footprint is destroyed. Soil spray seeding technique is used for the ecological rehabilitation of cut slopes in the mountain areas of Southwest China. However, there have been few studies of the temporal variation in soil phosphorus (P) fractions during the rehabilitation of the cut slopes. In this study, time-dependent changes in soil inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) fractions of the cut slopes were assessed at selected post-rehabilitation ages (i.e., 1 year, 1a; 3 years, 3a; 5 years, 5a; and 11 years, 11a). The results showed that the amounts of Pi and Po fractions in soils on rehabilitated cut slopes varied with time. The reduction in the total Po (TPo) content was mainly caused by the change in high concentration hydrochloric acid-soluble Po (HHCl-Po) in the soil. The reason for the highest TP content in 3a was the addition of inorganic fertilizer and straw in the artificial soil. The analyses of Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise linear regression showed that TPo and N:P were the main factors affecting the availability of soil P. With the increase in the post-rehabilitation age, the limitation of soil P gradually weakened, but nitrogen became one of the limiting factors for plant growth. Overall, soil nutrient monitoring is very important for vegetation restoration of the cut slopes. Applying organic fertilizer after 5 years of ecological rehabilitation is conducive to long-term supply of nutrients required for plant growth. 相似文献
18.
南方红壤丘陵区流域植被景观格局变化及水沙响应关系 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
以南方红壤丘陵区典型流域濂江河流域为研究对象,依托GIS和Fragstats平台与长时间系列水沙数据,运用景观格局指数分析和统计学方法,分析流域景观格局和水沙变化特征及其相关性。结果表明:流域内径流呈减少趋势,泥沙呈增加趋势。流域内以有林地为主,面积增加最显著的是经果林。景观水平上,斑块面积均方差(PSCV)、香浓多样性指数(SHDI)与径流呈现正相关,蔓延度指数(CONTAG)与径流呈现负相关;斑块数(NP)、斑块密度(PD)、景观边缘密度(ED)、面积加权的平均形状指数(AWMSI)、香浓多样性指数与径流呈现负相关。类型水平上,耕地的斑块面积(CA)、ED与径流呈负相关,与泥沙呈现正相关;有林地的形状指数(PSCV、AWMSI)与径流呈正相关,CA与泥沙呈现正相关,NP、PD与泥沙呈现负相关;灌木林的CA、ED与径流呈负相关;经果林的所有的指数与径流均呈现正相关,与泥沙呈现负相关性;同时,草地的NP、PD与径流呈现负相关。 相似文献
19.
Ciro A. Rosolem;Carlos A. C. Nascimento;Karina M. Bertolino;Lais B. Picoli; 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2024,187(3):401-414
Most of the phosphorus (P) applied to low fertility, acidic tropical soils with high iron and aluminum oxide contents end up adsorbed to soil colloids and not available to crops. Diffusion of P from fertilizers was found to be facilitated by coating with humic substances and by soil moisture. 相似文献