有机-无机复合改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效应研究

针对河北中捷农场滨海盐碱地所具有的盐碱化程度高、单盐毒害突出的特点,选取园林废弃物堆肥和惰化产品,并结合磷石膏对该地区的土壤进行改良研究.以大田条件下的实际应用为基础,设置不同处理,进行田间对比试验,定期取样,对土壤盐分指标进行测定分析.结果表明:1)施入有机改良剂和磷石膏,既能有效降低土壤pH值,又能避免单独施人磷石膏后,土壤pH值变化过大,对植物产生不利影响.2)从单因素试验分析,土壤的SAR随着有机改良剂和磷石膏施入量的提高而显著降低,磷石膏的改良效果优于有机改良剂;从2种改良剂的交互作用来看,有机-无机改良剂配施的效果优于改良剂的单施效果.3)随着有机-无机改良剂施人量的增加,土壤中的C1-质量分数呈显著降低,而SO42-质量分数呈显著增加趋势.4)根据试验结果,推荐施入1 kg/m2的磷石膏及5％的有机改良剂(体积比,约3.35 kg/m2),能够取得较好的改良效果,此时的改良成本约为6.70元/m2.研究结果以期为滨海盐碱地区城市绿化,提供理论依据.     

脱硫石膏与灌溉耦合对滨海盐碱土化学性质的影响

脱硫石膏(CaSO4.2H2O)是火力发电厂石膏湿法烟气脱硫的副产物。对盐碱地施用脱硫石膏可以通过Ca2+置换盐土中的Na+,达到脱盐目的。通过盆栽试验研究天津滨海盐土施用脱硫石膏并配合灌溉淋洗改良盐碱土的效果。结果表明:对于表层土壤(0-10cm),施用脱硫石膏对Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO24-离子含量有显著降低作用。10cm以下土壤,脱硫石膏的脱盐能力与施用量呈正相关。脱硫石膏与灌溉耦合时,脱硫石膏施用量为3 000kg/hm2以上时改良效果较好。随着脱硫石膏施用量的增加不但降低了土壤Na+含量与土壤pH值,对灌溉量的需求也有所降低。灌溉量为田间持水量的80%时脱硫石膏对土壤Ca2+、Mg2+与K+的降低作用与CK相比差异最显著。脱硫石膏施用量的增加提高了土壤全盐量,但随灌溉量增加这种影响逐渐降低。     

磷石膏改良剂对江苏如东滨海盐土理化性状及小麦生长的影响

江苏沿海地区有大量的滨海盐土,植物难以生长,如能改良,是一种重要的农业资源。本文以如东滩涂滨海盐土为研究对象,采用室内盆栽试验,研究施用磷石膏改良剂对滨海盐土的改良效果。结果表明：磷石膏改良剂能有效的促进小麦的生长,改良剂5的小麦株高比对照2增加47.4%和68.3%,生物量分别增加66.7%和74.4%;随着磷石膏改良剂的用量增加,土壤的养分含量逐渐提高,特别是速效磷,改良剂5比对照1分别增加245.8%和463.4%;土壤盐分由原来的有害氯化钠盐占主导转变为对植物无害的硫酸盐,优化了土壤盐分组合;同时土壤的PH下降,与对照1比,下降幅度分别为7.4%和13.7%,且PH值与磷石膏改良剂的用量呈负相关,说明磷石膏对滨海盐土有很好的改良效果。     

风化煤对苏打盐化土盐分运移的影响

针对山西省大同盆地中度苏打盐化土,利用山西灵石风化煤作为改良材料,进行室内培养试验和原状土柱模拟试验,研究风化煤不同施用量对苏打盐化土的pH、电导率(EC)、水溶性全盐量、水溶性Na~+的影响,以及风化煤对水溶性全盐量、水溶性Na~+在土壤中运移规律的影响。研究表明:通过培养试验发现15g/kg的风化煤处理的效果最佳,pH和碱化度(ESP)分别降低4.1%和34.6%。通过风化煤和纯水淋洗的共同作用下,试验中5个处理土壤0—10cm的pH值分别降低3.0%,7.2%,9.6%,10.6%和9.1%。风化煤15g/kg的处理,使0—10cm土壤中盐分占总盐分的比例从39.0%下降到11.8%。15g/kg的处理,能降低土壤中28.4%水溶性Na~+。结果表明,在大同盆地苏打盐化土改良,风化煤能有效降低土壤表层pH、水溶性盐分和水溶性Na~+,最佳用量是15g/kg。     

磷石膏改良滨海盐土效果及对小麦生长的影响

江苏滨海盐土（盐碱土）约66.22万公顷,大多未开发利用,主要因为含盐量很高,迫切需要进行改良。本试验采用田间试验方法,利用磷肥厂副产物磷石膏进行盐(碱)土改良试验。试验设置不施肥、不施用磷石膏、单施复合肥、施用复合肥+磷石膏不同用量等8个处理进行。结果表明,施用磷石膏可以降低盐碱土土壤pH,与不施用磷石膏的对照相比,施用磷石膏后表层0～20 cm土壤pH下降0.07～0.40单位,碳酸氢根离子下降15.81%～43.53%;土壤钠离子浓度下降17.25%～89.83%,土壤钾离子含量增加8.17%～384.90%,土壤钙离子含量增加59.51%～1977.72%,土壤有机质增加4.51%～19.50%。施用磷石膏处理小区小麦叶片全氮含量较不施磷石膏处理增加7.85%～26.21%,叶片全磷含量增加5.02%～35.97%;小麦增产11.41%～45.26%。滨海盐土及盐碱土可以采用磷石膏进行改良,有较好的改良效果。综合考虑,以处理为30%复合肥1 050 kg·hm-2＋磷石膏1 125 kg·hm-2和30%复合肥1 050 kg·hm-2＋磷石膏2250 kg·hm-2处理效果最好。     

施磷对滨海盐土无机磷组分的动态影响

采用蒋柏藩、顾益初提出的土壤无机磷组分测定方法,在50d的培养过程中对滨海盐土的各无机磷组分进行了跟踪测定。结果表明:施入盐土中的无机磷在短期内主要增加土壤中的Ca2-P和Ca8-P的含量,而对A1-P、Fe-P和O-P的影响较小;施入盐土的无机磷首先转化成Ca2-P,然后再向Ca8-P、Ca10-P、Al-P、Fe-P和O-P转化;培养过程中,水分和温度的有利条件促进了土壤微生物的活动,加强了微生物对无机磷的固定。     

滨海盐土灌水脱盐动态的土壤质地和水质差异性研究

通过在天津滨海新区的野外灌水脱盐试验,对比分析了灌溉淡水、中水和微咸水的中壤质、重壤质土和粘土土壤含盐量及pH的动态变化。结果表明,粘质滨海盐土经灌淡水后的土壤全盐量降低是逐渐的;重壤质滨海盐土的土壤全盐变化趋势与粘质土相似,最初4次灌水使各层土壤全盐累积降幅较大;中壤质滨海盐土则第一次灌水后土壤含盐量降低较多,表层（0～20cm）由1.75%降到0.511%,以后灌溉土壤全盐量降低得较缓慢,20～40cm土层的含盐量始终降低得较缓慢。灌溉淡水、中水、微咸水均能使土壤全盐量降低,灌溉中水、微咸水后表层和土体下层土壤的含盐量均逐渐降低,而灌溉淡水的表层土壤全盐量以初次降低明显,土体下层的土壤全盐量始终变化幅度较小。同灌淡水的情况下,中壤质滨海盐土的土壤pH较为稳定,在7.5～8.5范围,而重壤质和粘土在最初表现下降,至约7.5后上升到8.5～9.0范围,质地越粘土壤pH越高。灌溉淡水、中水、微咸水均使土壤pH有升高的趋势,灌溉淡水后表层土壤pH能够上升到9.0,灌溉微咸水、中水后土壤pH能够升高至8.5左右。     

淤泥质滨海重盐土低成本快速脱盐技术研究

以泥质滨海重盐土低成本、快速脱盐为目标,通过室内土柱法,探讨了模拟滴灌条件下,滴灌量和不同土壤改良剂配比对滨海重盐土耕作层的脱盐效果,采用L16（4⁵）正交试验设计分析不同土壤改良剂对土壤脱盐效果的影响,优选泥质滨海重盐土脱盐改良剂。结果表明:通过滴灌量与土壤改良剂配比双重作用对滨海重盐土全盐含量和pH值的影响,确定了以0.26 m³/m²滴灌量进行滴灌,脱盐率达78.73%,可以达到快速脱盐的目的。根据正交设计极差分析,5种改良剂对土壤全盐含量的影响顺序依次为磷石膏 > 腐植酸 > 有机肥 > ZnSO₄ > 秸秆,对土壤pH值的影响顺序为磷石膏 > 腐植酸 > ZnSO₄ > 秸秆 > 有机肥,最终选出滨海重盐土脱盐改良剂最优配比为A₁ B₁ C₂ D₂ E₄,即秸秆0.05 m³/m²+磷石膏3 kg/m²+有机肥0.1 m³/m²+腐植酸0.06 kg/m²+ZnSO₄0.12 kg/m²。     

有机无机改良剂对滨海盐渍化土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量的影响

[目的]为解决滨海地区土壤盐分高和生态环境恶劣的问题,研究发酵园林废弃物与膨润土不同比例配合施用对滨海盐渍土的改良效果。[方法]通过滨海地区田间试验,采用单独施用68 kg/m~3发酵园林废弃物(T_1)、单独施用15 kg/m~3膨润土(T_2)和二者混合施用(T_3)的方法,分析不同处理组土壤酶活性、微生物量碳、氮的变化及其与土壤理化性质的相关关系。[结果]有机无机改良剂混施(T_3)在提高土壤酶活性和微生物量碳、氮方面具有更显著的效果。脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶分别为对照的10.1,9.0和4.5倍;土壤微生物量碳、氮分别比对照提高了24.8%和78.1%。此外,混施也可以显著改善土壤理化性质,使土壤盐分降低了62.7%,养分各项指标增幅为57.2%～101.4%。同有机改良剂处理相比,无机改良剂对土壤酶活和土壤微生物量的影响较小。速效钾与速效氮是影响土壤酶活性与微生物量的主要因子,而含盐量、容重则与土壤酶和微生物量呈负相关,具有抑制作用。[结论]发酵园林废弃物的加入对土壤酶活性和微生物量的增加起到了决定性的作用。最佳施用处理组为原土混合掺拌68 kg/m~3发酵园林废弃物和15 kg/m~3膨润土。     

有机肥种类对土壤有效磷累积量的影响及其流失风险

为研究不同有机肥种类对土壤有效磷累积量的影响,采用鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪3种有机肥,于2008~2009年间在河北省廊坊进行了大田试验。结果表明:在总磷量相同条件下施入不同种类有机肥,耕层土壤中水溶性磷和有效磷含量显著不同。施入牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪的土壤0~5 cm土层中土壤水溶性磷分别为15.64、12.06、9.95mg/kg,有效磷含量分别为91.87、73.47、65.26 mg/kg;综合0~20 cm土层,施入牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪的土壤水溶性磷分别为6.42、4.84、4.41 mg/kg,有效磷含量分别为47.60、35.50、35.14 mg/kg。表现出有机肥中有效磷含量高则表层土壤中水溶性磷和有效磷含量也高。由于表层土壤的高量水溶性磷和易溶性磷在降雨条件下易于造成农田磷素流失,在确定环境友好的有机肥施用量时,不仅要考虑有机肥带入的总磷量,还要重视有机肥中有效磷含量对农田表层土壤水溶性磷和易溶性磷富集的影响。     

城市园林废弃物生物质炭对小白菜生长、 硝酸盐含量及氮素利用率的影响

【目的】我国温室种植蔬菜迅速发展,温室种植中肥料利用率低及蔬菜硝酸盐积累等问题日益突出。同时,我国城市化快速发展,城市园林废弃物日益增多,这些木质废弃物的处理也成为城市可持续发展的挑战。本文采用城市园林废弃物制成的生物质炭用于温室栽培生产,分析其对温室蔬菜产量和品质以及养分保持的影响,从而探索一种为绿色环保的现代城市农业服务的技术。【方法】本研究采用温室盆栽试验方法,以小白菜为研究对象,设置5个生物质炭添加水平。 C0 (0 g/kg, CK)、 C1(20 g/kg)、 C2(40 g/kg)、 C3(60 g/kg)和C4(80 g/kg)。研究生物质炭对小白菜产量、 植株硝酸盐含量、 土壤氮素含量与形态以及氮素保持效应的影响。【结果】与对照相比,添加不同比例的生物质炭均显著提高小白菜产量,其中,C3和C4处理下增产幅度达到75%,生物质炭添加量与产量呈显著正相关关系;生物质炭对小白菜植株地上部和地下部的影响并不一致,其中收获指数显著增加,提高幅度在2.5%～9.5%之间,有随着生物质炭用量增加而增加的趋势;对照处理小白菜地上部硝酸盐含量达504 mg/kg,各处理植株硝酸盐含量介于161～256 mg/kg之间,显著降低50%以上,特别是C1处理降低硝酸盐含量的幅度达到68%,而不同生物质炭添加量之间植株硝酸盐含量差异不显著;生物质炭的添加增加了土壤中总氮素的含量,氮素损失率由不施炭处理的5.6%降低到了3.3%以下,显著降低了42%,同时土壤氮素生产率较对照提高幅度大于35%;与C0相比较,生物质炭添加显著降低了土壤NO-3-N的积累,降低幅度在60%以上,生物质炭用量在4%左右时降低作用最大,达到80%,同时土壤NH+4-N在生物质炭添加下降低了77%,生物质炭对降低土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮的累积作用并不与其用量呈正相关,铵硝比随着生物质炭添加量而呈下降的趋势;同时从研究结果看,产量与土壤NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量呈负相关关系,与土壤全氮呈正相关关系,而蔬菜植株硝酸盐含量与土壤NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量具有相关性,但与土壤全氮含量相关性不显著。【结论】温室大棚栽培小白菜的土壤中, 加入不同量的生物质炭能显著提高小白菜产量,同时降低小白菜植株的硝酸盐含量,添加量在2%时效果最好;土壤硝态氮和铵态氮积累随生物质炭施入而降低;生物质炭显著降低氮素损失率而提高氮素生产率。本研究得出生物质炭通过降低损失、 吸持更多氮素而提高了氮素的持续供应,在增产的同时降低了蔬菜硝酸盐积累,提高了品质。因此,在温室大棚蔬菜生产的土壤中添加一定量生物质炭(本试验下添加2%～4%)可以达到高产和优质。     

咸水结冰灌溉结合改良剂对滨海盐土的改良作用

冬季咸水结冰灌溉是将冬季自然冷资源与滨海盐碱地区丰富的咸水资源相结合, 通过自然结冰使咸淡分离, 再利用结冰融化时咸水先流出淡水后流出会对土壤起到一定的洗盐作用的原理, 对盐碱地进行改良。本文通过大田试验, 研究了冬季咸水结冰灌溉及改良剂对天津滨海盐碱地水盐运移的影响。结果表明, 通过咸水结冰灌溉能降低根层土壤含盐量, 且灌溉水量与土壤含水量呈正相关。冬季咸水结冰灌溉初期可能会引起土壤碱化, 但随着冰层融化及时间的推移, 各处理的碱化趋势会逐渐消弱。在滨海盐土施用磷石膏能够降低HCO₃^-含量, 增加SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺含量, 有效降低Cl^-、Na⁺在总盐分中的比例, 且磷石膏施用量越大, 根层土壤的pH 越低、保水能力越强(7 500 kg·hm^-2 磷石膏>4 500 kg·hm^-2 磷石膏); 施用磷石膏和大水量的咸水结冰灌溉都能很好地促进柽柳生长,且咸水冬季结冰灌溉和施用磷石膏配合(1 350 m³·hm^-2 结冰灌溉+7 500 kg·hm^-2 磷石膏)效果最好。因此, 咸水结冰灌溉配合改良剂应用可有效改良滨海盐土, 改善因咸水结冰灌溉而带来的土壤碱化问题, 为早期植物萌发生长提供有利条件。     

Improvement of earthworm (Lumbricidae) community and activity in mine soils from open-cast coal mining by the application of different organic waste materials

Earthworms are important members of the decomposer food web in a wide range of sites. Previous field investigations on the development of earthworm populations of mine soils in the Lusatian coal mining region, Germany, have shown quite small population densities in quaternary sands and less or even no earthworms present in sandy soils derived from tertiary deposits. The aim of the present investigation was to improve the development of earthworm populations in mine soils from tertiary deposits by applying various types and amounts of organic waste residues, such as sewage sludge, composted sewage sludge, and green waste derived compost. Additionally, we were interested in the stimulation effect of organic waste materials on parameters of earthworm activity, such as food consumption and burrowing activity. The investigations were carried out in field mesocosms and laboratory experiments (microcosms; observation cages). In general, the population density, fresh biomass, food consumption, and the burrowing activity of earthworms were significantly improved by the application of the various organic waste materials compared with mineral fertilizers. Fresh sewage sludge in addition to composted sewage sludge were found to be the most favourable organic waste residues compared with green waste derived composts. The addition of brown coal sludge to sewage sludge did not reduced the stimulation effect. There was considerable variation in the population structure of a defined earthworm community which was exposed in the mesocosms during a two year period in relation to the types and amounts of the organic waste materials applied.     

Co-incorporation of biodegradable wastes with crop residues to reduce nitrate pollution of groundwater and decrease waste disposal to landfill

Return of high nitrogen (N) content crop residues to soil, particularly in autumn, can result in environmental pollution resulting from gaseous and leaching losses of N. The EU Landfill Directive will require significant reductions in the amounts of biodegradable materials going to landfill. A field experiment was set up to examine the potential of using biodegradable waste materials to manipulate losses of N from high N crop residues in the soil. Leafy residues of sugar beet were co‐incorporated into soil with materials of varying C:N ratios, including molasses, compactor waste, paper waste, green waste compost and cereal straw. The amendment materials were each incorporated to provide approximately 3.7 t C per hectare. The most effective material for reducing nitrous oxide (N₂O) production and leaching loss of NO₃^? was compactor waste, which is the final product from the recycling of cardboard. Adding molasses increased N₂O and NO₃^? leaching losses. Six months following incorporation of residues, the double rate application of compactor waste decreased soil mineral N by 36 kg N per hectare, and the molasses increased soil mineral N by 47 kg N per hectare. Compactor waste reduced spring barley grain yield by 73% in the first of years following incorporation, with smaller losses at the second harvest. At the first harvest, molasses and paper waste increased yields of spring barley by 20 and 10% compared with sugar beet residues alone, and the enhanced yield persisted to the second harvest. The amounts of soil mineral N in the spring and subsequent yields of a first cereal crop were significantly correlated to the lignin and cellulose contents of the amendment materials. Yield was reduced by 0.3–0.4 t/ha for every 100 mg/g increase in cellulose or lignin content. In a second year, cereal yield was still reduced and related to the cellulose content of the amendment materials but with one quarter of the effect. Additional fertilizer applied to this second crop did not relieve this effect. Although amendment materials were promising as tools to reduce N losses, further work is needed to reduce the negative effects on subsequent crops which was not removed by applying 60 kg/ha of fertilizer N.     

Modifications to atrazine degradation pathways in a loamy soil after addition of organic amendments

The effects of two organic amendments, a municipal solid waste compost and a composted straw, on [U-ring- ]atrazine degradation pathways in a loamy soil (Grignon, Yvelines, France) were studied during laboratory incubations under controlled conditions. Three month conditionings were conducted under sterile or non-sterile conditions, with soil plus atrazine, organic amendment plus atrazine, or soil plus organic amendment. Then either an organic amendment or soil or atrazine was added, respectively, to these three treatments and incubated for an additional 3 months under non-sterile conditions. Both organic amendments modified the behaviour of atrazine in soil but via different processes. The addition of municipal compost increased atrazine sorption and decreased its availability for degradation by soil microorganisms. The effect of the composted straw was mainly related to its high enzymatic activity, which appeared to be responsible for the production of large amounts of hydroxyatrazine. This hydroxylation favoured the opening of the triazine ring and its subsequent mineralization in the soil. At the end of the incubations, less atrazine was mineralized in the presence of the two types of organic amendment, which both increased the formation of non-extractable residues of atrazine. The addition of municipal compost preserved larger amounts of extractable atrazine, while the addition of composted straw enhanced hydroxyatrazine production. In all cases, the greatest effects were found when atrazine was directly in contact with the organic amendment during conditioning.     

Improving Soil Quality and Increasing Peanut Production by Addition of Composted Green Waste and Carbonized Rice Hull Amendments

Increased population pressure coupled with unsustainable cropland management has resulted in soil degradation and a decline in crop productivity in China. This study tested the hypothesis that the soil with combined addition of composted green waste (CGW) and carbonized rice hulls (CRHs) as amendments will improve soil properties and increase peanut production. Some selected parameters of soil and peanut plant were measured, which were best if the soil was amended with 35 t ha^?1 CGW and 10 t ha^?1 CRH and were worst in the nonamended soil. Relative to the soil without amendment addition, amendment of the soil with 35 t ha^?1 CGW and 10 t ha^?1 CRH increased seed yield, total pod yield, root nodule number, and nodule dry weight by 50.0, 52.4, 55.4, and 57.9%, respectively, and increased total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and total chlorophyll content of plants by 53.2, 54.4, 53.7, and 56.8%, respectively.     

Carbon and trace element fluxes in the pore water of an urban soil following greenwaste compost, woody and biochar amendments, inoculated with the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

The benefits of adding composted organic materials to soils to enhance carbon storage could be countered by the mobilisation of some harmful pollutants commonly found in frequently degraded urban soils. Therefore non-composted materials could be a safer option. In the present study, carbon and trace element fluxes in soil pore water were studied in response to the surface mulch addition and the incorporation into an urban soil of greenwaste compost versus two non-composted amendments; a woody oversize material and biochar following inoculation with the vertical burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. The aim was to establish (i) to what extent the non-composted amendments impacted on mobility of soluble trace elements in the soil, compared to the composted amendment, and (ii) if/how this was regulated by earthworm activity.Both composted and non-composted amendments enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil pore water to ∼100-300 mg l⁻¹ in the upper depth of the soil profile above which they were applied as a mulch and similarly within the mesocosms in which they were mixed. Dissolved organic carbon, dissolved nitrogen (DTN) and trace metals, especially Cu and Pb, where enhanced to the greatest extent by greenwaste compost, because of strong co-mobilisation of metals by DOC. Biochar enhanced As and Cu mobility in the field profile and, additionally Pb in the mesocosms, with no effect on Cd. The woody, oversize amendment neither greatly increased DOC nor As, Cu, Pb or Zn mobility although, unlike the other amendments, earthworms increased DOC and Cd mobility when soils were amended with this material.This study concludes that non-composted amendments had a lower impact on DOC and thus trace element co-mobility than the composted greenwaste in this urban soil, whilst the general influence of earthworms was to reduce DOC and hence associated trace element mobility. In wider environmental terms the addition of non-composted materials to some urban soils, versus composted greenwaste could reduce the risk of mobilising potentially harmful elements, whilst usefully improving soil quality.     

土壤改良剂对灌溉咸水冬小麦光合和蒸腾的影响

在天津滨海地区高水位、黏重土壤利用田间小区试验研究调盐土壤改良对微咸水灌溉的冬小麦光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量指数等生理指标的影响。结果表明,冬小麦播种前采用适当土壤改良能够提高冬小麦抽穗期、灌浆期的光合速率、叶绿素含量指数,降低气孔导度、蒸腾速率。冬前施用75kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅱ(风化褐煤40%+磷石膏40%+脱硫石膏20%)有利于提高冬小麦灌浆期的光合速率,有降低抽穗期、灌浆期小麦蒸腾速率的效果;小麦冬前施用45 kg.100m 2改良剂I(风化褐煤20%+磷石膏40%+脱硫石膏20%+沸石粉20%)对提高冬小麦抽穗期光合速率有利,同时也提高抽穗期小麦的蒸腾速率;土壤改良对咸水灌溉冬小麦的气孔导度有明显降低效应,冬前施用30 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅲ(磷石膏40%+脱硫石膏20%+沸石粉40%)冬小麦气孔导度与不采用改良措施相比,抽穗期降低52.28%,灌浆期降低39.51%;冬前施用45kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅱ混合30 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅲ或75 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅱ均能够显著提高抽穗、灌浆期冬小麦的叶绿素含量指数;冬前施用45 kg.100m 2改良剂I混合30 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅲ,即使较高土壤含盐量也能使冬小麦光合速率保持在较高水平,使冬小麦蒸腾速率受土壤含盐量影响较小。     

盐渍化土壤改良剂对草坪根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

针对兰州新区城市绿化带土壤盐分含量高严重影响苗木和草坪成活率的问题，以兰州新区绿化带盐渍化土壤为研究对象，采用温室盆栽法，以不施肥为对照(CK)，研究了添加禾康(T₁)、乳酸菌(T₂)、磷石膏(T₃)、炭基肥(T₄)、免申耕(T₅)和磷酸脲(T₆) 6种盐碱土改良剂对草坪根际土壤化学、生物学特性的影响。结果表明：与CK处理相比，施用6种改良剂均能降低草坪根际土壤pH，提升有机质、速效磷、微生物生物量碳氮磷含量及碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性；显著降低土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性指数(Chao1和Shannon-wiener)；根际土壤细菌群落均以变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门和酸杆菌门为主，其中T₄、T₆处理显著提高了变形菌门的相对丰度，T₂处理显著增加了放线菌门的相对丰度，T₁处理显著提升了芽单胞菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度。冗余分析和Monte Carlo置换检验结果显...