首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
黄土丘陵区农业生态安全评价指标体系的建立   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
以构建黄土丘陵区农业生态安全评价指标体系为研究目的,通过区域性与科学性结合,完整性和相对独立性结合,可行性和可操作性结合,可比性和针对性结合的指标选取原则,采用“压力一状态一响应”(PSR)概念模型结合黄土丘陵区面临的生态环境问题,提出符合该区实际的农业生态安全评价指标体系。该指标体系分为系统压力、系统状态、系统响应三大部分,由10个一级指标,21个二级指标构成。  相似文献   

2.
黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域农业生态经济安全评价   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
以近70年纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统演变过程为基础,利用国家“九五”科技攻关项目中所提出的评价指标体系,对纸坊沟流域不同发展阶段标志年份的农业生态经济安全状况进行了评价,得出:农业生态经济系统在1938、2000、2005年处于亚安全状态,1958、1975年处于极端不安全状态,1985、1990、1995年处于不安全状态。通过对农业生态经济安全变化驱动力的分析,预测了纸坊沟流域农业生态经济安全的发展趋势,提出了黄土丘陵区实现农业生态经济安全的策略:以培育主导产业为中心,完善农业系统循环链网,调整产业结构,实现农业资源的有效、永续利用。  相似文献   

3.
黄土丘陵区是一个特定的生态环境脆弱区,对这个地区的生态安全评价显的尤为重要。采用层次分析法研究建立了黄土丘陵区农业生态安全综合评价指标体系,并以延安市宝塔区和安塞县为典型区,利用数学模型计算出这2个区域的农业生态安全指数,以此表征黄土丘陵区的农业生态安全现状,并针对此区域的生态安全问题提出相关建议。  相似文献   

4.
黄土丘陵区是一个特定的生态环境脆弱区,对这个地区的生态安全评价显的尤为莺要.采用层次分析法研究建立了黄土丘陵区农业生态安全综合评价指标体系.并以延安市宝塔区和安塞县为典型区,利用数学模型计算出这2个区域的农业生态安全指数,以此表征黄土丘陵区的农业生态安全现状,并针对此区域的生态安全问题提出相关建议.  相似文献   

5.
黄土丘陵区农业生态经济效益评价指标体系的构建   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
以"黄土高原水土保持与可持续生态建设试验示范区"为研究对象,在分析区域农业生态经济系统演变过程及生态经济效益的变化情况的基础上,确立了农业生态经济效益的主要内容及其影响因素,预测了区域内典型流域未来5~15 a的人均经济收入以及未来30~40 a的人口、人均基本农田、人均果园和人均羊单位.并以此为依据,构建了适合于黄土丘陵区的农业生态经济效益评价指标体系,包括生态环境、经济效益和可持续发展3个大类,20个具体指标.  相似文献   

6.
黄土丘陵区流域农业生态经济安全问题初探   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
流域农业生态经济安全系指满足流域生态经济可持续发展的一种态势,包含了3个层次的内容,具有3个重要特征。依据黄土丘陵区流域发展现状,农业生态经济安全状况可以划分为4个等级:安全、亚安全、不安全、极端不安全,大部分流域处于亚安全或不安全态势;以纸坊沟流域为例,分析了系统在亚安全态势下的具体表现。针对系统亚安全或不安全态势下的主要问题,提出了对策建议:发展商品型生态农业,强化产业与资源的耦合关系;调整产业结构,促进产业优化升级;建立流域农业生态经济安全预警系统.及时调整系统外物、能输入。  相似文献   

7.
黄土丘陵区生态农业建设效益评价指标体系初步研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
徐勇  韩国义 《水土保持研究》2002,9(4):139-143,146
总结了评价指标体系的概念,阐述了构建评价指标体系的目的应遵循的基本原则,依据生态农业建设的系统特征和指标间的前后、左右关系理清了评价指标体系的结构,初步建立起了适用于黄土丘陵区的生态农业建设效益评价指标体系,并对一些新指标或重要指标进行了解析,最后以燕沟流域为例,检验了评价指标体系的实证应用效果。  相似文献   

8.
以黄土丘陵沟壑区纸坊沟小流域为研究对象,利用1985-2006年调查和监测资料,综合现有研究成果,将主成分分析和通径分析方法相结合,分析可能影响农业生态安全态势变化的各因子,探讨农业生态安全态势变化的驱动力。结果表明:自然条件是影响黄土丘陵沟壑区纸坊沟小流域农业生态安全态势变化的基础,人文社会经济条件是其变化的主要驱动力,具体可归纳为经济发展、人口压力、流域产业结构调整和农业科技进步4类因子;此外,国家和区域的相关政策、农业产业链与资源量相关度对农业生态安全也有一定影响。  相似文献   

9.
宽谷丘陵区是以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区第Ⅴ副区为主体,涉及第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ副区的部分区域。该区域沟壑纵横,常年降水稀少,气候干旱,水土流失严重,人民生活水平低。水土流失、干旱、低产、贫困是该区突出的生态、社会和经济问题。选择黄土丘陵沟壑区第Ⅲ副区的中山沟流域东山村作为示范点,在治理水土流失的同时,配套集雨节灌措施,培育和发展葡萄等特色产业,大力推广节水农业,通过减少化肥、农药施用量,以减缓面源污染。并在综合确定监测指标的同时,通过定点监测、调查访问等监测方法,采用层次分析法建立了示范效益监测与评价指标体系,从而科学合理地评价示范效应及生态经济系统。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]探讨黄土高塬沟壑区王东沟流域1986—2013年间农业生态经济系统演变过程,分析不同演变阶段农业生态系统和农业经济系统间的耦合态势,为该地区经济社会可持续发展提供参考。[方法]基于黄土高塬沟壑区王东沟流域长期监测数据和农户调查资料,建立了农业生态经济系统综合评价指标体系,应用耦合度模型对农业生态经济系统演变过程中的耦合态势进行了分析。[结果](1)黄土高塬沟壑区王东沟流域1986—2013年间农业生态系统和农业经济系统综合指数呈上升波动趋势。(2)农业生态经济系统演变过程中农业生态系统和农业经济系统耦合态势经历了恢复发展阶段、协调发展阶段、恢复发展阶段,目前处于协调发展阶段。[结论]在农业生态经济系统演变过程中,通过农业资源合理调配,促使农业经济获得新的增长点,农业生态经济系统能够高效稳定发展。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

15.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

16.
Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.  相似文献   

17.
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.  相似文献   

18.
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.  相似文献   

19.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

20.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号