Cd对油菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的生态毒性

通过水培实验研究了Cd胁迫下,油菜种子发芽及幼苗生长状况。结果表明:Cd胁迫下,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数以5 mg L-1Cd浓度为阈值呈现低促高抑现象,发芽指数与Cd浓度曲线相关性好于发芽率和发芽势;活力指数、总长、芽长、根长、总重、芽重、根重表现为单抑现象。Cd对根生长抑制作用大于芽,逐步回归发现,Cd主要通过抑制根生长达到对幼苗生长抑制。种子电解质外渗率和根细胞有丝分裂指数分别与Cd浓度成极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.603**和-0.571**。因子分析发现,根长较其它指标对Cd敏感,可用于Cd污染的监测指标。     

镉胁迫对甜高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨镉对甜高粱种子萌发的影响,以辽甜1号为研究对象,研究不同浓度镉胁迫下的甜高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长特性。结果表明,甜高粱种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均随镉胁迫浓度增加表现出先增加后减少的趋势,都在T2处理时表现为最大;镉会抑制甜高粱幼苗的根和芽生长,镉胁迫浓度增加,抑制作用显著增强,且对根长的抑制作用明显大于芽长;甜高粱种子根、芽的耐性指数均随镉胁迫浓度增加而显著降低,且根耐性指数均低于芽耐性指数。     

Cu~(2+)对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响

研究了Cu2+浓度对黄瓜发芽期发育和生理特性的影响。结果显示,低浓度Cu2+(25 mg/L)处理对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用,其种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、下胚轴长、下胚轴粗度、生物量和相对含水量均高于对照及其他浓度处理;而幼苗的质膜相对透性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及保护酶活性均在此浓度得达最低。但在高浓度Cu2+(Cu2+浓度在50~300mg/L时)处理下,随着Cu2+浓度增加,黄瓜种子萌发的各项指标开始下降,幼苗生长的各项生理指标开始上升,对黄瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长产生抑制作用,并在300mg/L时抑制作用最显著。     

外源赤霉素对茄子砧木种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

嫁接栽培在茄子生产中应用广泛,但砧木种子易出现休眠而影响其萌发。本试验以"茄砧21号"砧木种子为试验材料,研究不同浓度赤霉素处理对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着赤霉素浓度的增加,种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈现升高趋势,当赤霉素浓度为1200～1800 mg/L时,发芽率均达到90%以上,其中1500 mg/L处理的发芽率最高,达94.50%。300 mg/L的赤霉素能够显著促进砧用茄子幼苗株高的增长,500 mg/L的赤霉素则显著提高了幼苗干重;赤霉素对幼苗茎粗的影响无显著差异,但随浓度的提高茎粗呈现减小趋势;赤霉素对幼苗叶片数的增减无明显规律性。     

赤霉素对盐害下碱茅的萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以碱茅为试材,在100 mmol/L的NaCl盐胁迫下,通过种子培养、室内盆栽试验,研究盐胁迫下不同浓度赤霉素（8,15,20,25,50 mg/L）对碱茅种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:（1）100 mmol/L的NaCl严重抑制碱茅的种子萌发和幼苗生长,碱茅种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、根茎长显著降低,根系活力、过氧化物酶活力受到严重抑制;（2）在外源赤霉素溶液为8～20 mg/L的范围内,随着浓度的升高,碱茅种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、根茎长逐渐升高,根系活力、过氧化物酶活力、耐盐指数明显提高;（3）高浓度（ > 20 mg/L）的外源赤霉素浸种处理,对种子的促进作用逐渐下降,当赤霉素浓度为50 mg/L时,碱茅的发芽率和根茎比低于对照,产生了抑制效应。结论:不同浓度赤霉素对提高碱茅种子耐盐性有不同程度的促进作用,以赤霉素浓度为20 mg/L时作用效果最佳。     

纳米TiO2对油菜种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响

通过纸床培养,研究在不同浸种时间下,不同浓度的10nmTiO2悬浮液对油菜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：浸泡时间为2h的各指标表现最显著,最适合作为纳米TiO2对油菜种子发芽和幼苗生长影响的浸种时间。浸种2h纳米TiO2的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数抑制率与纳米TiO2浓度呈显著正相关,与浓度的对数作线性回归得出,IC20分别为1907、619．0、1039mg·L-1;总长、芽长、根长、总重、芽重、根重的激活率与纳米TiO2的浓度呈显著正相关,通过线性回归方程得出总长、芽长、根长、总重、根重的EC20分别为99．77、404．5、55．46、6918、2187mg·L-1。对各指标影响的敏感性大小为：发芽率〉发芽指数〉发芽势,根长〉芽长。因此,油菜发芽率与根长可以作为评价纳米TiO2生态毒性效应的较敏感指标。     

多效唑浸种对黄秋葵种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用多效唑(PP333)对‘川秋葵1号’种子进行浸种,以研究多效唑对川秋葵1号种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,用25 mg/L、50 mg/L、75 mg/L、100 mg/L的多效唑浸种,对黄秋葵种子的发芽势、发芽率、出苗率影响不大,没有明显抑制作用;用125 mg/L、150 mg/L多效唑处理,会在一定程度上降低种子的发芽势、发芽率、出苗率。多效唑能提高种子的简易活力指数,有效矮化红秋葵幼苗,增加幼苗的茎秆粗度,优化幼苗的株型。综合比较多效唑各处理在形态及发芽各项指标的影响结果,以浓度100 mg/L的多效唑浸种处理的效果最佳。     

NaCl胁迫对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

在实验室内采用培养皿发芽法进行了种子发芽试验,在温室内采用沙培盆栽法进行了幼苗生长试验,分别研究了Na Cl胁迫对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着Na Cl胁迫浓度的增大,对发芽的抑制作用明显增强;发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长比胚芽长、发芽率对Na Cl胁迫的反应更敏感。Na Cl浓度≤150 mmol/L时促进生长,Na Cl浓度150 mmol/L时抑制生长,Na Cl浓度为250 mmol/L时,极显著地抑制了幼苗生长。Na Cl浓度在50~200 mmol/L范围内,丙二醛(MDA)含量均极显著降低,超过200 mmol/L时,MDA含量极显著上升;250mmol/L以内的Na C1处理对过氧化物酶(POD)活性均无显著影响。     

磺胺二甲基嘧啶与环丙沙星对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为研究抗生素胁迫对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响,选取磺胺二甲基嘧啶(Sulfadimidine, SM2)和环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)两种典型抗生素为研究对象,采用水培方法,通过测定不同浓度的两种抗生素对小麦种子芽和根的生长抑制率、幼苗生物量、根系形态和根系活力指标,分析比较了两种抗生素对小麦种子和幼苗的生态毒性差异。结果表明:0.1～2.0 mg·L~(-1)的SM2和0.1～1.0 mg·L~(-1)的CIP能够促进小麦种子根和芽的生长,当SM2浓度达到10.0 mg·L~(-1)、CIP浓度达到5.0 mg·L~(-1)时,两种抗生素开始对小麦种子根长产生抑制作用,并且随着浓度的增大抑制作用显著增强;两种抗生素对作物种子根长的抑制效应强于芽长;0.1 mg·L~(-1)的SM2促进小麦幼苗生长以及干物质积累,但随着SM2浓度增大,小麦幼苗生长受到抑制,根系生物量以及根系性状(总根长、平均直径)显著降低;CIP对小麦幼苗生长、干物质积累和根系性状均具有抑制作用,并且随着CIP浓度的增大抑制作用增强;SM2和CIP均抑制小麦根系活力,随着抗生素浓度的升高小麦根系氧化还原力降低,根系活力逐渐减弱。研究表明,SM2和CIP会在小麦根系不断积累,影响小麦正常生长,CIP对小麦幼苗生态毒性相对更强,0.1 mg·L~(-1)CIP即会抑制小麦幼苗生长。     

重金属在不同温度和光照下对骆驼蓬种子萌发特征的影响

应用正交试验设计研究了不同浓度的Ni2+,Cu2+,Co2+和温度、光照组合下对骆驼蓬种子萌发特征的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Ni 2+,Cu2+,Co2+混合溶液有利于提高骆驼蓬的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数,高浓度则表现出明显抑制性;不管混合溶液中重金属离子浓度的高低,都会不同程度地影响骆驼蓬幼苗生长,但浓度较低时抑制不显著;在Ni 2+浓度5mg/L,Cu2+浓度800mg/L,Co2+浓度400mg/L,温度25℃,光照12h处理下骆驼蓬的种子萌发快,发芽率相对较高;在不同条件作用下,骆驼蓬幼苗生长的最佳条件是Ni 2+浓度100mg/L,Cu2+浓度100mg/L,Co2+浓度50mg/L,温度25℃,光照12h。     

Effect of aluminium and calcium on growth of wheat seedlings and germination of seeds

Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the aluminium (Al) and calcium (Ca) effects on wheat seedling growth and on seed germination. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L, cs Yangmai No. 5) seedlings were grown for a 15‐day period and treated with 0.5 mM Al with low Ca (1 mM Ca) or high Ca (5 mM Ca). The growth of seedlings was signficantly inhibited by Al. Supplement of Ca improved the growth of Al‐treated plants, increased dry matter weight of plant and leaf area, and decreased shoot/root ratio. This showed that Ca ameliorated Al toxicity in wheat. In experiments on seed germination, Al concentrations less than 2 mM in the germinating medium had little or no visible effect on length of shoot and root of germinating seed. The germinating rate of seed was not affected significantly by Al, when Al concentrations lower than 5 mM Al. The addition of 3 mM Ca did not increase the length of shoot and root and germination rate of seeds. Both pretreatments with 6 mM Ca and 1 μM GA had no significant effect on the length of shoot and root and amylolytic activity of Al‐treated germinating seeds. No significant differences were found in the total amylolytic activity in Al‐treated and control seeds two days and five days after germination. The results of Al and Ca effects on seedlings and seed germination showed that Al‐toxicity on germinating seeds was different from on seedling growth. The high concentrations of Al inhibit growth of roots and shoots of germinating seeds by other toxicity mechanism rather than interaction of Al with Ca and mobilization of carbohydrate reserves.     

NaCl胁迫下玉米种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的变化

为了揭示盐胁迫下萌发种子超弱光子辐射的生物学意义,研究了NaCl胁迫下萌发玉米种子超弱光子辐射的变化规律。结果表明,在对照组的玉米种子萌发过程中,种子鲜质量和自发光子辐射逐渐增长,种子鲜质量和自发光子辐射的变化呈现正相关(相关系数r为0.9614);在50、100和150mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下萌发的玉米种子鲜质量与自发光子辐射也呈现正相关(相关系数r分别为0.9582、0.9406和0.9389),NaCl胁迫对萌发过程中种子鲜质量和自发光子辐射的增长都有抑制作用,NaCl浓度越大,抑制作用越强。研究还发现,NaCl胁迫会导致萌发过程中玉米种子延迟光子辐射中的初始光子数、相干时间和积分强度变小,并且呈现出强度效应。研究结果为揭示盐胁迫下萌发种子超弱光子辐射的生物学意义,开发基于作物耐盐性评价和种质资源鉴定等方面的活体无损检测新技术提供参考。     

2-methylisoborneol and geosmin,the main sources of soil odor,inhibit the germination of brassicaceae seeds

The effects of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, the main sources of soil odor produced by microorganisms, on plant seed germination were examined for 15 kinds of Brassicaceae seeds including radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula). Authentic MIB or geosmin was used at the concentration of 100 mg L^-1 in the assay, the effects were quantitatively indexed based on four parameters of cumulative seed germination: the final germination percentage, germination onset, weighted mean rate, germination index. MIB and geosmin inhibited germination of all kinds of seeds tested for these parameters. Radish variety “Comet” was the most affected of all of the tested plant seeds. The estimated 50% inhibitory concentration values on germination of “Comet” were 70.5 and 7.5 mg L^-1 for MIB and geosmin, respectively. We also conducted the primary characterization of the inhibition by MIB and geosmin on “Comet” seeds. Our findings were as follows: (1) onset of seed imbibition was not affected; (2) germination of seeds pre-imbibed in the control solution until approx. 2 h before germination onset was inhibited by subsequent MIB or geosmin treatment; (3) growth of seedlings was not significantly affected; (4) the germination was restored by stratification, gibberellin A₃ treatment, or seed coat removal; and (5) light irradiation affected the degree of inhibition. These results suggest that inhibition by MIB and geosmin is restricted to the germination process, at least in the early stage of growth, that they act as growth -regulating substances.     

生长延缓剂对华北边坡绿化3种草本植物种子发芽的影响

草本植物可以稳定公路、铁路和矿山等工程建设遗留的大量裸露边坡,并改善其生态环境,而以灌草型植物为目标群落的边坡绿化中,草本种子比灌木种子萌发和生长快、竞争性强,开展植物生长延缓剂的研究,以抑制草本种子萌发和生长.以华北地区的常用的沙打旺、紫花苜蓿和高羊茅为试材,探索不同浓度的矮壮素、多效唑和烯效唑溶液,单独浸种处理对3种草本植物发芽势及胚根和胚芽生长的影响.结果表明:矮壮素和烯效唑溶液降低了沙打旺和紫花苜蓿的胚芽长度比,提高了胚根长度比;300～400 mg/L的多效唑溶液对3种草本种子的发芽势均具有抑制效果,500 mg/L的烯效唑溶液对紫花苜蓿和高羊茅的发芽势都具有抑制效果.该研究可为植物生长延缓剂处理边坡绿化草本种子提供参考指标.     

Protection of tomato seed germination from the inhibitory effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by inoculation of soil with Burkholderia cepacia AC1100

The effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) on the germination and seedling vigor of different crop seeds was tested. Seeds of rice, maize, sorghum, finger millet, and horse gram were comparatively more tolerant to the chemical with no marked effect up to a concentration of 200 mg 2,4,5-T L(-)(1) as tested by the filter paper method. Tomato and brinjal (egg plant) were highly susceptible. Even at 5 and 10 mg 2,4,5-T L(-)(1), marked reduction in the germination and seedling vigor of tomato and egg plant, respectively, was observed. At 20 and 30 mg L(-)(1), the germination of tomato and egg plant seeds, respectively, were completely inhibited on filter paper, whereas the inhibitory concentrations in soil was 40 mg 2,4,5-T kg(-)(1) soil. Several abnormalities were observed in the chemically affected seedlings. Protease activity of the seeds germinating in the presence of the chemical was drastically reduced. Bioremediation of the chemically contaminated soil with Burkholderia cepacia AC1100, by inoculation of the soil 7 days before sowing the seeds, completely protected the seeds, resulting in normal germination and an improved seedling vigor.     

Effect of different foliar zinc application at different growth stages on seed zinc concentration and its impact on seedling vigor in rice

This study evaluated how zinc (Zn) concentration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed may be increased and subsequent seedling growth improved by foliar Zn application. Eight foliar Zn treatments of 0.5% zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄?·?7H₂O) were applied to the rice plant at different growth stages. The resulting seeds were germinated to evaluate effects of seed Zn on seedling growth. Foliar Zn increased paddy Zn concentration only when applied after flowering, with larger increases when applications were repeated. The largest increases of up to ten-fold were in the husk, and smaller increases in brown rice Zn. In the first few days of germination, seedlings from seeds with 42 to 67?mg Zn?kg^?1 had longer roots and coleoptiles than those from seeds with 18?mg Zn?kg^?1, but this effect disappeared later. The benefit of high seed Zn in seedling growth is also indicated by a positive correlation between Zn concentration in germinating seeds and the combined roots and shoot dry weight (r?=?0.55, p?相似文献   

马尾松林土壤酚酸类物质检测及其对灌草萌发的影响

利用电喷雾萃取电离质谱(EESI-MS)测定荒草地、马尾松和木荷纯林地土壤酚酸类物质组成,模拟研究了其对几种灌草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,荒草地、木荷林土壤没有检测到松香类物质,而马尾松林土壤松香类物质浓度一般为10～ 100 mg/kg.当土壤松香类物质浓度＜12 mg/kg时,灌草发芽势与对照接近;松香浓度≥25 mg/kg时,黑麦草、白羊草、高羊茅和银合欢灌草发芽势显著低于对照.高浓度松香处理下,银合欢发芽率显著低于对照.     

137Csγ辐照和NaN3处理对毛竹种子发芽率和保护酶活性的影响

用不同剂量的137Csγ射线和不同浓度的NaN₃对毛竹种子进行诱变处理,研究2种诱变方式对毛竹种子发芽率以及萌发种子内保护酶活性的影响,以期为开展毛竹诱变育种工作奠定理论基础。结果表明：10Gy剂量的γ射线辐照促进种子萌发,随着剂量的增加,对种子的发芽率抑制作用达极显著性水平,而NaN3处理对种子的发芽率的抑制则达显著水平,说明137Csγ射线对毛竹种子产生的诱变效应较NaN₃明显;不同剂量γ射线和不同浓度NaN₃对萌发种子中保护酶活性的影响均达到极显著水平,并且在低剂量和高剂量时均出现明显的变化临界点,分析得出保护酶活性可以反映毛竹种子对γ射线和NaN3的敏感性。初步选择出137Csγ射线和NaN3对毛子种子的半致死剂量和浓度分别为95.5Gy和0.16mmol/L,可以将其作为毛竹种子适宜的诱变剂量。