模拟降雨条件下地表起伏对产流产沙的影响

揭示地表起伏形态对产流和产沙的影响及作用机理,为蓄水保土、调节径流和控制径流提供参考依据。通过野外人工模拟降雨试验,在3种降雨强度(60,90,120 mm/h)下,分析了5种起伏的地表(单凸起、单凹陷、凹凸相间、凹凸相连、光滑)坡面的产流产沙情况。结果表明:(1)在3种雨强下,5种地形的初始产流时间表现为:光滑地表单凸起地表单凹陷地表凹凸相间地表凹凸相连地表,且产流越早的地表其产流量和径流系数也越高;(2)在3种雨强下,5种地表的次降雨产沙量和产沙强度由小到大依次为:凹凸相连地表凹凸相间地表单凹陷地表光滑地表单凸起地表,产沙强度越大的地表其产沙过程越不稳定;(3)与光滑地表相比,地表凸起会加剧土壤流失,地表凹陷会减轻土壤流失,且凸起和凹陷组合的地表其减轻土壤流失的效应更显著;(4)降雨强度的增大会削弱不同地表起伏对产流产沙的影响。研究结论为地表起伏类型对坡面产流产沙有重要影响,光滑地表最易产生径流,凸起地表土壤流失最严重,凹凸相连地表蓄水保土效益最好。     

两种工程堆积体坡面细沟形态与产沙关系对比研究

为探究不同土壤类型工程堆积体坡面细沟形态与水动力学参数及侵蚀产沙间的关系,选取沟宽、沟深、宽深比等作为细沟形态参数,在放水流量8、12、16、20 L·min^-1和坡度32°条件下,对红土和塿土工程堆积体进行冲刷试验。结果表明:(1)两种堆积体坡面细沟沟宽、沟深在前24 min均发育迅速;随放水流量增大,沟宽和沟深均呈增大趋势,红土沟宽均值(较8 L·min^–1)分别增加0.8%、19.3%、27.2%,沟深均值分别增加24.5%,126.2%,95.1%,而塿土则为3.7%、62.4%、108.2%和18.2%、87.9%、95.5%;红土沟宽、沟深与冲刷历时均呈极显著线性函数关系(R2>0.858,P<0.01),而塿土则为极显著对数函数关系(R2>0.689,P<0.01);(2)两种堆积体坡面细沟宽深比呈先波动(0~24 min)后(25~45 min)平稳的变化趋势;放水流量增至16 L·min^-1,两种堆积体宽深比均值减幅最大(较8 L·min^-1),红土最大减少了1.15,塿土最大减少了0.20;(3)两种堆积体坡面细沟水流剪切力、水流功率与沟宽、沟深均呈现幂函数关系(R2>0.602,P<0.01);径流剪切力更适合描述红土沟深的发育状况,而径流功率更能体现塿土沟宽的发育过程;(4)两种堆积体坡面累计产沙量与沟宽和沟深均呈极显著线性函数关系(R2>0.897,P<0.01);沟宽、沟深对红土坡面累计产沙量的贡献率分别为84.9%、15.1%,对塿土则为22.5%和77.5%;该研究可为不同土壤类型工程堆积体坡面水土保持措施合理配置提供理论依据。     

上方汇流对黄土坡面侵蚀—搬运过程的影响

研究坡面上方汇流对坡面下方侵蚀-搬运过程的影响将深化对坡面土壤侵蚀过程机制的认识。通过设计由供水装置和试验土槽组成的试验系统,采用不同降雨强度的模拟降雨试验,研究坡度为15。时上方汇流对黄土坡面侵蚀-搬运过程的影响。结果表明：在降雨强度为50、75和100mm／h时,坡面接受上方汇流后,坡面侵蚀产沙量皆大于没有上方汇流时的坡面侵蚀产沙量,即上方汇流在坡面下方引起了净侵蚀产沙量;坡面侵蚀产沙量并不是简单地与汇水流量成正相关,在小汇水流量下,由上方汇流增加的侵蚀产沙量较小,当汇冰流量增加到1．6L／min后,坡面侵蚀产沙量随汇水流量的增加明显增大,且增加幅度随汇水流量的增加而增大,但当汇水流量增加到3．2L／min后,坡面侵蚀产沙量随汇水流量增加的幅度明显减小;接受上方汇流后,坡面侵蚀现象以侵蚀-搬运过程占主导地位。     

Rill formation and evolution caused by upslope inflow and sediment deposition on freshly tilled loose surfaces

Rill erosion easily occurs on tilled surfaces because the soil shear resistance is less than the runoff shear stress. However, rill erosion formation and evolution on tilled surfaces under upslope inflow conditions remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the rill formation process and rill erosion amount on tilled surfaces via flow scouring under different inflow rates (4, 6, and 8 L min⁻¹) at a 15° slope. Close-range photogrammetric technology was applied to measure the rill morphology during the experiments. The results suggested that the rill formation process due to inflow could be divided into two distinct stages, namely, before and after runoff reached the downslope end, i.e., stages I and II, respectively. At stage I, runoff washed soil particles along the downslope direction. In this process, due to limited transport capacity of runoff, washed soil particles were deposited at the runoff head and formed a soil mound, which blocked the flow path, after which the runoff direction changed within the 6.7°− 50.6° range with an average moving distance of 0.62 m. As a result, a curved rill and a series of soil mounds were left on the surface. The inflow rate affected rill morphology by influencing the runoff direction change angle and runoff moving distance between the mounds on the surface. Herein, the rill formation process is referred to as downslope-trending erosion by inflow (DTEI). At stage II, runoff reached the downslope end, and a rill channel was formed throughout the slope. Thereafter, DTEI was largely reduced, and headward erosion was strengthened. As a result, the rill morphology quickly changed, such as the rill depth and rill width, which gradually increased with ongoing headward erosion. During DTEI, the rill paths were curved due to sediment deposition, and the sediment deposition conditions varied under the different inflow rates. Therefore, the rill curvature (RC) differed (1.039 ± 0.014). The RC decreased with headward erosion progression at stage II. The total sediment yield (TSY) increased with increasing inflow rate. Under inflow rates ranging from 4 to 6 L min⁻¹ and 6–8 L min⁻¹, the TSY increased 2.1–2.4 times. Consequently, DTEI on tilled surfaces significantly affects the initial rill morphology and evolution at the later stage. Hence, on slopes, its role should be considered in rill erosion assessment.     

高寒草甸区高原鼢鼠新生土丘水土流失特征

高原鼢鼠是青藏高原的优势地下啮齿动物,掘洞造丘是其独特的行为之一。高原鼢鼠新生土丘属于次生裸地容易导致水土流失,研究高原鼢鼠新生土丘水土流失对于合理评价其对生态系统的影响具有重要意义。利用径流小区法和风蚀桥法,测定不同地形(平地和坡地)、不同直径大小(大土丘:直径75 cm,中等土丘:直径50～75 cm,小土丘:直径50 cm)单位面积新生土丘年土壤流失量和有机质流失量,并比较经过1年侵蚀后的土丘与无土丘草地表层(0—10 cm)土壤粒径组成、含水量和营养成分,旨在明确高原鼢鼠不同大小和不同分布的土丘的水土流失状况。结果表明:(1)研究区平地和坡地新生土丘单位面积年均土壤流失量分别为4 039.91,3 731.79 g/m~2,单位面积年均土壤有机质流失量分别为266.83,252.76 mg/m~2,土壤侵蚀级别为中度侵蚀;(2)土丘表层土壤粒径0.25 mm和5 mm的团聚体含量均显著小于无土丘草地(P0.05),0.25 mm的团聚体含量显著大于无土丘草地(P0.05);(3)土丘表层土壤肥力和土壤含水量均显著小于无土丘草地表层土壤(P0.05);(4)雨季坡地新生土丘单位面积泥沙流失量显著高于平地新生土丘(P0.05)。风季平地风蚀厚度大于坡地风蚀厚度,分别为4.33,3.62 cm;(5)风季不同丘型土丘的侵蚀厚度表现为大土丘小土丘中土丘,分别为5.50,3.59,2.82 cm。研究认为高原鼢鼠新生土丘会导致高寒草甸风蚀和水蚀发生,且不同地形和不同大小的土丘水土流失情况各异。     

上方来水来沙对细沟侵蚀产沙过程的影响

利用双土槽系统径流小区 (供沙土槽和试验土槽 ) ,定量研究了不同上方来水含沙量和不同降雨强度下 15°坡面上方来水来沙对坡下方细沟侵蚀产沙过程的影响。结果表明 ,坡上方来沙量不但被径流全部搬运 ,且坡上方来水在坡下方细沟侵蚀槽引起另外的侵蚀产沙量 S。坡面细沟侵蚀过程以侵蚀—搬运过程为主。上方来水对细沟侵蚀产沙的贡献受上方来水含沙量和降雨强度的影响。降雨强度的增加或上方来水含沙量的减少 ,使 S值的增加更为显著     

Impervious surface impacts to runoff and sediment discharge under laboratory rainfall simulation

Urbanization of watersheds previously managed for agricultural uses results in hydrologic changes associated with increased flooding and erosion. Few studies have been conducted to quantify these effects under controlled conditions and standard rainfall simulation methodologies have not been previously established. In this study, a laboratory rainfall simulation procedure was developed and utilized to evaluate hydrologic and sheet erosional responses to various configurations of impervious surface cover at the small scale. Runoff and sediment losses from a sloped (5%) cascade of soil boxes having 50% impervious cover located at the top of the slope or at the bottom of the slope, or having 0% impervious cover were measured. Results indicate that the 50% upslope impervious treatment generated sediment at 3–5 times the rate of the 50% downslope impervious treatment. Upslope impervious cover resulted in initially lower water runoff rates than channel development, but this effect narrowed or reversed with continued rainfall. These results suggest that upslope impervious surfaces may represent a larger total on-site erosion risk than equivalent impervious surfaces located at lower positions along the slope, especially under high antecedent soil moisture and/or high intensity rainfall.     

植被空间配置对凸型坡侵蚀及泥沙颗粒分选的影响

针对黄土高原水土流失严重的问题,结合该地区缺水的现状,在有限的植被措施条件下,以凸型坡为研究对象,将草带布设在上坡面5种不同位置,利用室内放水冲刷试验对不同植被空间配置下坡面侵蚀过程和泥沙颗粒分选特征进行了研究,阐明了植被能够有效发挥水土保持功效的作用,并初步提出在低植被覆盖度下植被发挥水土保持功效的最优植被空间配置。结果表明:(1)不同植被空间配置的产流强度Cv值为10.26%～15.50%,产流强度的波动程度较小,其中配置A的产流强度与配置B和配置F的产流强度表现为显著性差异(p0.05),不同植被空间配置的产沙强度Cv值均在26.00%以上,配置A的产沙强度与其他配置的产沙强度均表现为显著性差异(p0.05),在坡面布设草带对产沙过程的影响大于对产流过程的影响;(2)在凸型坡的上坡面种植植被后,总产流产沙量与裸坡(配置A)相比均有不同程度的降低,其中配置F的减水效益达到19.65%,配置B的减沙效益高达70%以上;(3)不同植被空间配置下泥沙颗粒平均重量直径(MWD)的平均值表现为配置A配置F配置D配置E配置C本底物配置B,MWD的平均值随着产流时间的延长逐渐稳定并接近于本底物,在有植被覆盖坡面的水力侵蚀条件下,侵蚀颗粒以细颗粒为主,粉粒含量较高,砂粒含量相对较小,并且植被布设位置距离坡顶越远更容易侵蚀0.002～0.05 mm的粉粒。研究结果有助于加深植被空间配置对坡面侵蚀产沙作用机理的理解。     

长江三峡花岗岩区不同地类土壤流失量研究

 研究长江三峡库区泥沙来源,并以此为依据开展水土保持工作,对于保障长江三峡水利枢纽工程安全运行和效益发挥,具有重要意义。在长江三峡花岗岩地区选定的典型小流域内,采用土壤剖面法及土壤侵蚀调查、坡面径流小区等方法,分析不同土地利用现状下的土壤物理特性及其与土壤侵蚀的关系,不同土地利用坡面及沟道的土壤侵蚀量。结果表明:研究区域不同土地利用状况土体内,土壤颗粒特性与土壤流失程度密切相关。随着土壤流失程度的增大,流域不同土地利用状况下的A层土壤颗粒粒径分选系数降低。不同土地利用状况下,土壤颗粒粒径组的对称性均较低;长江三峡花岗岩区的泥沙,主要来源于坡面土壤侵蚀;坡面侵蚀的泥沙主要来源于坡耕地,25°以上陡坡耕地侵蚀的泥沙量,约占坡面产沙总量的50%。     

东北黑土区横垄坡耕地的产流产沙过程

[目的] 在漫川漫岗黑土区开展横垄坡耕地冲刷试验研究,为黑土地保护工作提供理论依据。[方法] 采用野外现场放水冲刷试验,研究了10,30,50和70 m横垄坡耕地径流小区,在不同上方来水量下的产流、产沙过程。[结果] 3种冲刷流量（0.34,0.67和1.00 L/min）条件下的径流系数和含沙量均随坡长的增加持续波动,但不同冲刷流量达到稳定的大小和时间不同;累积产流量和累积产沙量均随冲刷流量的增强而增大,但相同冲刷流量下受坡长变化影响二者最大值出现的坡长却不同;冲刷流量为0.34 L/min时,10,30,50和70 m这4种坡长的径流系数和含沙量相关性均显著;累积产沙量随累积流量的增加而增加,坡长越短,且线性关系越强。0.34 L/min冲刷流量侵蚀量大小顺序依次为：30 m>10 m>70 m>50 m;冲刷流量为0.67和1.00 L/min侵蚀量大小顺序为：30 m>50 m>70 m>10 m。1.00 L/min冲刷流量情形下30 m坡长侵蚀量是10 m坡长的4.2倍。[结论] 坡面侵蚀量随冲刷流量增大而增大,30 m坡长是横垄坡耕地侵蚀的临界坡长,细沟发育是横垄坡耕地坡面土壤侵蚀的主要来源。     

基于GRNN的坡面径流输沙能力模型的试验研究

坡面径流输沙能力是建立土壤侵蚀过程模型的重要水力学参数,研究定量计算坡面径流输沙能力的实用模型具有重要的理论和实践意义.通过室内模拟径流冲刷试验,计算不同坡度和流量条件下的裸地坡面径流输沙能力,利用平均影响值(MIV)方法对影响坡面径流输沙能力的因子进行分析,建立以干密度、能坡、进口流量、出口流量、水力半径、流速为输入,以坡面径流输沙能力为输出的广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型,并应用Adaboost算法对模型进行优化.验证结果表明,所建模型能够用于对坡面径流输沙能力的模拟预测.与BP神经网络模型进行对比分析的结果表明:在试验训练样本条件下,广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型的模拟预测结果优于BP神经网络模型;Adaboost算法能够有效减小广义回归神经网络(GRNN)模型的模拟预测误差.     

SOIL EROSION IN THREE GRAZED PLANT COMMUNITIES IN NORTHEASTERN PATAGONIA

Grazing has been identified as the main cause of land degradation in Patagonia. However, land degradation is highly variable among areas, even within the same paddock. This strongly suggests that different plant communities differ in their resistance to land degradation. In this study, we have evaluated soil erosion at both microsite and community scales in coexisting plant communities subject to sheep grazing in northeastern Patagonia. Three plant communities coexist in the area: two shrub steppes dominated by Chuquiraga avellanedae Lorentz and Nassauvia ulicina (Hook. f.) Macloskie, and a grass steppe dominated by Nassella tenuis (Phil.) Barkworth. At a community scale, our results indicate that shrub steppes generally experienced soil erosion, whereas the grass steppe commonly did not show signs of soil erosion/deposition. At a microsite scale, non‐vegetated soil surface types and degraded mounds never accumulated sediments, regardless of plant community. In contrast, we found that in some sites, the intact mounds and grasses entrapped sediments, but in other sites, soil erosion prevailed. Our results highlight the fact that soil erosion measurements are scale dependent, because results at microsite and community scales often differ. When comparing among communities, grass steppe is more intensely grazed, but at the same time, it shows less evidence of past and present erosion. In contrast, the N. ulicina community showed a direct relationship between grazing and soil erosion. Finally, soil erosion was not related to grazing in the C. avellanedae community. Our results demonstrate that the grass steppe is more resistant to land degradation than shrub steppes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红壤丘陵区坡长对作物覆盖坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响

坡长对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响随雨强的不同而变化,为解决南方红壤丘陵区坡耕地水土流失问题,该文采用野外人工模拟降雨的方法,研究了南方红壤丘陵区作物覆盖坡耕地上不同雨强下坡长对其土壤侵蚀的影响,并探讨了侵蚀增强的临界雨强和设置水土保持措施的合理坡长,结果表明:产沙量随坡长延长整体呈增大趋势,但存在一定的波动,二者的关系可用幂函数(决定系数0.84)表示。坡长延长相同长度时,产沙量不呈比例增加,但每隔4 m产沙量增量有减少的趋势,且径流侵蚀产生的泥沙中主要为粒径0.002~0.02 mm的粉粒及粒径0.002 mm的黏粒,加剧了耕地土壤粗化,因此,可每隔4 m设置水土保持措施,有效减少坡耕地水土流失。坡面径流侵蚀产沙量随着雨强的增大而增加,坡长越长,产沙量随雨强增加速度越快,二者呈幂函数关系(决定系数0.76),60 mm/h是红壤丘陵区侵蚀增强的临界雨强;雨强、坡长与产沙量均呈正相关关系,且雨强对坡耕地产沙量的影响较坡长大。对不同雨强下坡长对作物覆盖坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响研究,可以为南方红壤丘陵区坡耕地水土流失的治理提供一定的理论依据。     

不同逆坡耕作强度对干热河谷区坡耕地水蚀的影响

为了研究不同逆坡耕作强度导致的土壤位移对坡面水蚀的影响,以金沙江干热河谷区坡面径流小区为研究对象,在径流小区5°,10°,15°坡面上,进行单宽流量为0.6 m^2/h的放水试验。在10°坡面的下坡位置设置0.05,0.10,0.20 m土层深度,分别代表连续耕作80,69,46年导致下坡位置土壤损失土层变薄情况。通过收集径流小区出口的产流量和产沙量,研究在不同坡度上的不同逆坡耕作强度导致的土壤位移对坡面产流率、产沙率、总流量和总产沙量的影响。结果表明:(1)在10°坡面,耕作年限越长,产流越快,不同耕作强度(年限)的产流率、总产流量、产沙率和总产沙量均表现46年<69年<80年的变化趋势,说明长期逆坡耕作导致的土壤位移加速了坡面水蚀的发生;(2)在耕作69年的坡面,坡度越大,产流越快。在测定坡度范围,产流率、总产流量、产沙率和总产沙量均表现出5°<10°<15°的变化趋势,即坡度的增加明显增大了坡面水蚀;(3)随耕作侵蚀强度的增大,坡面产流率与产沙率间的指数增长关系越显著,而坡度的增大弱化了水沙指数函数关系。研究成果可为揭示干热河谷区逆坡耕作强度和坡度对水蚀的作用机理提供参考。     

黄土坡面侵蚀试验研究综述

只有弄清暴雨侵蚀产沙的作用机制,才能科学有效地进行流域水土保持治理。人工模拟降雨试验是研究黄土坡面侵蚀的重要手段。本文总结整理了大量的人工模拟试验资料,总结分析了侵蚀方式、表土结皮、坡度、上方水沙条件、降雨量、雨强、坡长等因素对黄土坡面侵蚀产沙的影响,并提出其中存在的问题和今后研究的方向。     

上方来水对浅沟侵蚀产沙的野外放水冲刷试验研究

浅沟通常发生在黄土高原地区陡坡农耕地上,是黄土高原丘陵沟壑区一种独特的微地貌现象,影响着坡面降雨产汇流过程和侵蚀产沙数量。以黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面浅沟为研究对象,通过野外典型浅沟径流小区放水冲刷试验,研究上方来水对浅沟侵蚀产沙及输沙规律的影响。结果表明:浅沟径流率随着上方来水流量的增大而不断增大;产沙率随着上方来水流量的增大而增大。含沙量大小顺序为上方来水流量15L/min,下方水流量10L/min时含沙量>上方来水流量10L/min,下方水流量10L/min时含沙量>无上方来水,下方水流量10L/min时含沙量>上方来水流量5L/min,下方水流量5L/min时含沙量>无上方来水,下方水流量5L/min时含沙量。有上方来水比无上方来水含沙量增大1.39～2.46倍。     

坡面覆沙后侵蚀泥沙颗粒分选特性

侵蚀泥沙颗粒大小的分布在一定程度上影响着侵蚀泥沙的搬运和沉积,了解侵蚀泥沙的分选作用将有助于解释泥沙的侵蚀和沉积过程。该文以覆沙坡面为研究对象,采用室内模拟降雨的方法,选取坡度12°、雨强1.5 mm/min的黄土坡面上分别覆盖0.5、1.0、1.5 cm的沙层进行试验。结果表明:坡面覆沙后,坡面粗颗粒物质大部分在产流开始0~10 min内便被冲刷带走;侵蚀泥沙颗粒主要以粉粒为主;坡面覆沙后,在细沟间侵蚀阶段,径流优先搬运大于0.054 mm的颗粒,在细沟侵蚀阶段和细沟侵蚀及细沟间侵蚀的组合阶段,径流搬运的泥沙颗粒以小于0.054 mm的颗粒为主;同时,在产流前期(0~10 min)侵蚀泥沙颗粒主要以大于0.054 mm的颗粒为主;而在产流后期(10 min以后)侵蚀泥沙则主要以小于0.054 mm的颗粒为主。坡面覆沙后,黏粒以团聚体的形式存在,粉粒以单粒的形式存在,而沙粒以细颗粒聚集体的形式存在。该文为进一步研究泥沙沉积后风蚀对水蚀的影响提供数据支撑。     

东北黑土区不同坡段等间距植物篱减流减沙特征

植物篱作为一种有效的水土保持措施,带间距是其配置的关键参数,当前大部分植物篱布设时采用等间距设计,但不同坡段等间距植物篱的作用效果如何尚不明确。以东北黑土区不同坡段等间距植物篱为研究对象,通过含沙径流冲刷试验,模拟不同坡段等间距植物篱在坡度5°,雨强100 mm/h降雨条件下的产流产沙过程。结果表明:与裸地对照相比,各坡段植物篱能够阻延坡面径流,且随坡段的下移,滞后时间逐渐缩短;各坡段植物篱产流、产沙速率在时间尺度上表现基本一致,在上、中坡段植物篱坡面相对平稳,下坡段植物篱坡面后期呈明显波动,其变化趋势与坡面侵蚀形态密切相关,且整体均小于对照坡面;不同坡段植物篱减流效益为5.40%～10.16%、减沙效益为51.90%～75.72%,尽管有较好的减沙作用,但下坡段植物篱坡面的侵蚀模数已达到259.96 t/km~2,超过东北黑土区允许土壤流失量。可见,等间距植物篱需设计改进后,方可应用于东北黑土区。研究结果为东北黑土区植物篱设计提供重要科学依据。     

黑麦草对土壤径流与产沙的调控效应

Living plants and plant roots can reduce runoff and soil erosion. Using a rain simulator, a series of soil erosion experiments were conducted to study the influence of living roots and canopies of ryegrasses （Lolium perenne L.） during the growing season on sediment yields and runoff of a silt loam soil. The results indicated that during the growing season, decrements in runoff and sediment yields increased with time. Sediment yields （τ^2 = 0.999） and decrements in runoff （τ2 = 0.946） were closely related to the root surface area density. The contributions of roots and canopies of ryegrasses to the reductions in runoff and sediment yields were different. Canopies usually contributed more to the runoff decrement than the roots, whereas roots contributed up to 96% of the decrease in sediment yields in the late stage of the growing season.     

黄河源区高寒退化草地鼠丘对土壤风蚀作用的影响

为阐明高寒草地鼠丘土壤风蚀特征和规律,以青海省河南县退化草地区域内的鼠丘为研究对象,采用野外人工模拟风力侵蚀试验方法,对不同风速条件下鼠丘大小、形状、土壤含水量及含根量对土壤风蚀作用的影响进行了研究。结果表明:高寒草地鼠丘土壤的风蚀量随着风速的增加而增加,风速从6 m/s逐步增加到12 m/s时,鼠丘土壤流失量增加1.22～1.79倍,且土壤流失量与风速和鼠丘大小呈正比。同等条件下,鼠丘形状不同时其土壤风蚀量也不同,3种类型的鼠丘土壤风蚀量的大小依次为半球型>凸凹型>平缓型,其中半球型鼠丘土壤流失量比凸凹型和平缓型鼠丘分别增加了35.5%,92.6%,且侵蚀前5 min是土壤风蚀速率最敏感的时期。土壤流失量随植被根系和土壤含水量的增加而减小,说明鼠丘内的植被根系以及土壤含水量对土壤风蚀量具有抑制作用,是鼠丘土壤风蚀的重要抗蚀因子。