长江流域春大豆的DTOPSIS法综合评价

运用DTOPSIS法对长江流域14个春大豆品种2010年的11个性状进行综合评价。结果表明,DTOPSIS法能较好地反映出品种的推广价值,符合生产实际情况,较之仅凭产量判定品种的推广价值更具合理性,是一种比较合理的区域试验品种评价方法。     

滑坡综合治理方案比选评价模型

为了更好地比选滑坡综合治理方案,针对影响治理方案因素的复杂性和不确定性,以安全可靠性、环境协调性、经济合理性、技术可行性、施工难易、施工工期等做为评价因子,建立了基于熵权决策法的滑坡综合治理方案比选评价模型.根据专家意见建立判断矩阵,利用熵权决策法的原理确定"理想点";通过计算4个设计方案与"理想点"的贴近度与距离来确定方案的排序.结果表明,方案二(锚索抗滑桩与截排水相结合)为最优方案.熵权决策法克服了传统评估方法中主观确定权数的缺陷,保证计算过程和结果的客观性,是一种可行的、定量的滑坡治理方案比选方法.     

基于对瓦布贝母核苷类成分贡献率的锌硼钼最优配施浓度

【目的】核苷类成分为贝母的主要活性物质，本研究分析了锌硼钼配施对瓦布贝母核苷类成分含量的影响，以优化瓦布贝母最佳微肥施用配方。【方法】以鳞茎大小为12 mm的四年生瓦布贝母为种源，在四川川贝母标准化生产基地进行田间小区试验。设置锌肥、硼肥、钼肥的三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计。在瓦布贝母现蕾期、初花期、盛花期、幼果期进行叶面喷施，喷施量分别为各微量元素总量的20%、30%、30%、20%。五年生瓦布贝母倒苗后采收鳞茎，测定了干鳞茎中10种核苷含量。采用最小二乘法、灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法计算每种或几种微量元素含量及对核苷含量的贡献率，提出优化施肥方案。【结果】根据贡献率分析表明，锌肥对尿嘧啶核苷、胸腺嘧啶和肌苷贡献率最大，硼肥对胞苷和鸟嘌呤核苷贡献率最大，钼肥对尿嘧啶和胸苷贡献率最大。单因素效应分析表明，锌肥和硼肥对胞苷有显著影响，钼肥对胸苷有显著影响。互作效应分析表明，锌–硼互作对尿嘧啶产生协同作用，对胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶核苷和胸苷产生拮抗作用；锌–钼互作对尿嘧啶、尿嘧啶核苷和肌苷产生协同作用；硼–钼互作对胞苷、胸苷、鸟嘌呤核苷和尿嘧啶核苷产生拮抗作用。灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法分析得出核苷含量综合最优处理。【结论】确定最优的施肥范围:锌肥为8.05～11.85 kg/hm2；硼肥为11.70～16.47 kg/hm2；钼肥为0.36～0.51 kg/hm2。通过灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法进行分析得出，当使用锌肥15.71 kg/hm2、硼肥5.53 kg/hm2、钼肥为0.65 kg/hm2时瓦布贝母10种核苷的含量综合最优。     

DTOPSIS法在甘薯品系综合评价中的应用研究

应用DTOPSIS法对2018年广西南亚热带农业科学研究所11个鲜食甘薯品系11个性状进行综合评价,以期筛选出适合在崇左地区推广种植的优良甘薯品种。结果表明:按照DTOPSIS分析结果 Ci排序,鲜1、鲜3、鲜4三个甘薯品系综合性状表现较差,不适合在崇左地区推广种植。鲜6、鲜10、鲜11三个优良鲜食甘薯品系综合性状优良,理想解的相对接近度(Ci)及单产排名均前三,值得进一步推广在崇左地区种植,并研究相应配套栽培措施。     

应用DTOPSIS综合评价唐山市农业气候资源

利用DTOPSIS法对唐山市11个县市的农业气候资源进行综合评估，结果表明唐山市农业气候资源整体水平按优劣可依次分为四个区：长城南侧西北部山前平原温和湿润区，中部平原暖和较湿润区，中南部沿海温暖半湿润区，东南、东北和西南角温和半湿润区：全市农业气候资源呈现纬度高的地区优于纬度低的地区、平原优于沿海、西北部的山前平原优于中部平原和中部平原优于沿海的总体趋势。     

基于均方差的模糊物元法在黄河流域节灌工程项目决策中的应用

针对节灌工程项目决策中各指标具有独立性和不相容性,以及指标的选择与评价标准具有一定模糊性的特点,提出了一种基于模糊物元分析的项目决策新方法。通过建立从优隶属度和关联度模糊物元来形成判断矩阵,采用均方差计算各指标的权重,然后根据计算获得关联度的大小对各投资方案进行排序,从而确定最优决策方案。将该模型应用在黄河流域节灌工程项目决策中,验证了其可行性及合理性。     

信息服务与公共关系的探讨

通过简述信息服务实际工作中运用的调查用户、预测需求;决策目标、制定计划;行动方案、计划实施;评价效果、反馈信息等四个阶段方法,探讨了公共关系与图书馆信息服务工作的联结。     

四川省汶川地震灾区震后山地灾害综合风险评价

城市雨水利用效益的定量识别和综合评价是一项前沿性研究工作,其结果可作为雨水利用工程的决策依据。系统分析了城市雨水利用效益评价指标体系,探索应用多层次半结构模糊决策法对雨水集蓄利用效益进行综合评价。以大连市瓦房店工业区雨水利用工程为例,对提出的3个雨水利用方案进行了综合效益评价和方案优选。结果表明,多层次半结构模糊决策法能较好地应用于城市雨水资源利用效益评价中。在雨水中水利用时,充分利用增渗设施和适当增加蓄水池容积可以提高雨水利用的综合效益。     

基于SWOT理论的重庆市农业机械化技术推广研究

在介绍SWOT分析法的内涵的基础上,通过对重庆市农业机械化技术推广进行了优势分析、劣势分析、机遇分析和挑战分析,提出了重庆市农业机械化技术推广SO方案、WO方案、ST方案、WT方案四类参考方案。     

宁南旱区抗旱应变种植制度决策系统研究

基于宁夏回族自治区南部旱作农区干旱气候特征和作物种群干旱适应性,借助农业系统工程原理和方法进行优化设计,组建了不同生态类型地区的抗旱应变种植制度决策系统。在综合考虑各种干旱发生频率及其对作物产量影响程度的基础上,种植制度优化模式包括了随机型和确定型两种决策方案。系统分析和生产验证表明,优化方案可产生显著的经济和生态效益     

Effect of soil organic matter, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio on tensile strength of aggregates

The properties of soils affected by salinity and processes involving degradation of soil structure have been partly recognized. However, the effects of saline and sodic conditions on mechanical and physical properties of soils have been studied to a lesser extent. In this research, the effects of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on soils possessing various amounts of organic matter were assessed under laboratory conditions. The soils contained a uniform clay type, predominantly Illite. The major difference of the soils was their amount of organic matter content. The treatments consisted of solutions with definite EC and SAR (two levels of EC: 0.5 and 4 dS/m and three levels of SAR: 0, 5 and 15). The amount of tensile strength was dependent on organic matter, EC, and SAR in a way that with the increase of SAR, the tensile strength decreased. In similar SAR, treatments with higher EC exhibited greater tensile strength. Also, the soils with higher organic matter showed greater tensile strength. The analysis of variance showed the significant difference (at 1%) between the mean of parameters analyzed (soil type, sampling depth, EC, and SAR). The order of averages of tensile strength were: permanent pasture (Agropyron elengatum)Festuca arusdinaceae)相似文献   

Does recovery planning improve the status of threatened species?

Recovery planning is a key component of government-funded initiatives to address declining populations of threatened species. To date, there has been limited retrospective evaluation on the impact of recovery plans, despite an increasing interest in evaluating recovery planning motivated by demands for greater accountability and a shift away from single-species focused strategies to multi-species, landscape and ecosystem-based plans. In the context of threatened species management in Australia, we aimed to investigate whether listed species with recovery plans are more likely to have improved their status compared to listed species without recovery plans. Since 1999, over 600 draft and approved recovery plans have been developed for more than 850 of 1663 species currently listed threatened species in Australia. We applied a novel econometric matching analysis to reduce biases associated with the non-random selection of species for listing and recovery planning. We found that the presence or absence of a recovery plan did not have a statistically significant effect on whether a species’ status was improving, stable or declining. The result suggests that recovery plans may not be useful in the short term and uncertainty persists about whether or not they make a long term contribution to species recovery. One major contributing factor is the lack of basic accounting of recovery planning efforts. This limits our ability to refute or confirm the impact of recovery planning on species status, and has the potential to reduce public confidence in government expenditures. Better systems for reporting and evaluation are therefore required to promote transparency, improve existing knowledge and facilitate efficient investments in future management actions.     

基于传统土壤图的土壤—环境关系获取及推理制图研究

在数字土壤制图研究中,从历史资料中提取准确的、详细的土壤—环境关系对于土壤图的更新和修正十分重要。从传统土壤图中提取土壤类型并从地形数据中提取环境参数,采用空间数据挖掘方法建立土壤—环境关系,并进行推理制图和精度验证。以湖北省黄冈市红安县华家河镇滠水河流域为例,首先选取成土母质和基于地形数据提取的高程、坡度、坡向等7个环境因子;然后利用频率分布原理得到包含土壤类型与环境因子信息的典型样本数据1 410个;采用See5.0决策树方法进行空间数据挖掘,建立土壤—环境关系;将其导入So LIM中进行推理制图;最后利用270个实地采样点验证所得土壤图的精度。土壤图的精度提高了约11%,证明了本研究方法对土壤类型和空间分布推理的可靠性。     

基于川麦冬活性成分高和重金属含量低的有机无机肥最佳配施方案

  【目的】  明确川麦冬[Ophiopogon japonicus (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl]生产中氮 (N)、磷 (P)、钾 (K) 和生物有机肥 (BF) 最佳配施量，为大田川麦冬的科学种植提供参考。  【方法】  采用L₉ (34) 正交设计，分析9个不同N、P、K与BF组合处理下，川麦冬品质活性成分、代表性活性成分与重金属含量，并基于DTOPSIS法进行了综合选优。  【结果】  合理的N、P、K和BF配施可显著提高川麦冬水溶性浸出物、总皂苷、可溶性多糖、麦冬皂苷D与麦冬皂苷D'的含量，降低Cu、Gd、As、Pb、Hg的含量。其中，以N₁P₃K₃BF₃处理的水溶性浸出物、总皂苷、麦冬皂苷D与麦冬皂苷D'的含量最高，分别为74.52%、0.38%、112.208 μg/mL与56.293 μg/mL；可溶性多糖含量最高的为N₃P₃K₂BF₁处理(42.47%)；Cu和Pb含量最低的为N₁P₂K₂BF₂处理，As含量最低的为N₃P₂K₁BF₃处理，Gd含量最低的为N₂P₁K₂BF₃处理，Hg含量最低的为N₂P₂K₃BF₁处理。  【结论】  通过DTOPSIS法进行了综合选优，活性成分高、重金属含量低的最佳施肥组合为N₁P₃K₃BF₃，即N、P₂O₅、K₂O和生物有机肥分别为598、240、595.80和2700 kg/hm2。     

Applicability of a combined staining method with fluorochromes for the visualization of microbial cells in a soil thin section

Staining of microbial cells in a soil thin section provides useful information about the role of soil as an ecological niche by relating the in situ distribution of microorganisms to the state of pores under undisturbed conditions. For technical improvement, we developed a procedure consisting of a combined staining method with 5-sulfofluorescein diacetate (SFDA), a metabolic type fluorochrome, and magnesium salt of l-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid (Mg-ANS), an adsorption type fluorochrome, in order to detect and differentiate the living microbial cells from the dead ones in a single soil thin section. Using images under a fluorescence microscope, we also examined the applicability of SFDA for staining microbial cells embedded in soil thin sections, which had seldom been attempted. Through this study, we confirmed the following facts: i) combined staining with SFDA and Mg-ANS can be achieved without major modification of the general procedure for thin section preparation, ii) staining with SFDA can be applied to soil thin sections, and iii) detection of in situ distribution and differential identification of the living and dead microbial cells may be possible by the proposed combined staining method.     

Evaluation of the different soil organic matter (SOM) pools stability in long-term field experiments of germany by physical fractionation

Samples of Ap horizons of different soil types with different clay content selected from nil plot and different fertilized plots of the long-term field experiments Thyrow, Groß Kreutz, Seehausen, Methau, Bad Lauchstädt, Straußfurt located in closely related climatic conditions had been analyzed by method of granulo-densimetric fractionation developed in Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (Moscow). For comparison mountainous soil from long-term experiment Lauterbach located in more moist and cold conditions had been studied. Three groups of functional significant SOM fractions had been isolated: (1) light fraction (d < 2g·cm^-3), clay fraction (< 1 μm) and fraction rest. The partition of C and N accumulated in these fractions related to the level of soil fertilization and clay content had been estimated. Light fraction is the least stable: it is sensitive to the level and forms of fertilizers as well as to the changing ecological conditions. SOM interacting with clay minerals is a main factor of soil carbon level stabilization. Light fraction is responsible for decomposable SOM pool dynamics and may be appropriate criteria of its estimation.     

水利开发建设项目绿化工程设计初探——以甘肃省引洮灌溉工程为例

以甘肃省引洮灌溉工程为例,根据项目主体可行性研究的要求,论证了绿化土地的分布和面积,分析了绿化地的立地条件,提出了绿化植物种选择方案。并根据项目对绿化的特殊要求,通过对绿化方案的比选,提出了可行的绿化方案。