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1.
基于逆模型解耦的风力提水变论域模糊控制   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
针对风力提水系统风、辅动力存在耦合使控制效果难以保证的问题,该文提出了一种基于逆模型解耦的变论域模糊控制方法。采用神经网络方法辨识风力提水系统的逆系统,并与被控对象进行串联,建立伪线性系统,实现风、辅动力解耦。同时采用模糊控制器对风、辅动力分别进行独立控制,对模糊控制器的论域进行改进,增强系统的环境适应能力。逆模型仿真试验中变量泵控制和柴油机控制量平均误差分别为6.3%和4.5%,实际运行中离心泵的转速平均误差控制在5%以内,说明该文方法能有效抑制风速变化的影响。研究结果对风力提水系统的推广具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

2.
基于无线传感器网络的水产养殖池塘溶解氧智能监控系统   总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2  
为了便于对规模化水产养殖池塘溶解氧的监控,该文研制了一种基于无线传感网的水产养殖池塘溶解氧智能监控系统,实现对池塘溶解氧的分布测量、智能控制和集中管理。针对常规模糊PID控制器自适应能力低,提出了一种可变论域模糊PID控制器,根据溶解氧误差和误差变化的大小动态调整模糊控制单元的输入输出变量论域,能较好地解决了模糊控制规则数量与溶解氧控制精度之间的矛盾,实现了PID控制器参数的自整定。根据池塘溶解氧变化的非线性、大时滞和大惯性等特点,设计基于变论域模糊PID控制器与增氧机转速PID调节器构成的池塘溶解氧串级控制系统,溶解氧控制器的输出为增氧机转速调节器的输入,增氧机转速调节器输出改变增氧机转速使溶解氧浓度快速跟踪目标值。根据溶解氧测量数值序列的变化趋势,基于灰色理论和权重构建组合灰色溶解氧预测模型,以预测值作为变论域模糊PID控制器的反馈值,实现对溶解氧的预测控制,起到超前调节的目的。在试验池塘和对照池塘分别采用变论域模糊PID控制器和模糊PID控制器对池塘溶解氧进行调控,对照池塘溶解氧的响应时间比试验池塘延长15 min左右,超调量扩大2.96倍,对照池塘溶解氧的标准差、均方差、最大误差和最小误差指标比试验池塘扩大3~4倍。试验结果表明可变论域模糊PID控制器能够改善池塘溶解氧控制系统的动态性能,提高控制系统的稳态精度,有效地抑制影响池塘溶解氧稳定的诸多不确定因素的干扰,满足水产养殖对池塘溶解氧的要求,为解决非线性和大时滞复杂对象的控制问题提供一个新的控制思路。  相似文献   

3.
基于单目视觉车辆姿态角估计和逆透视变换的车距测量   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
针对一般的单目视觉测距方法忽略汽车在行驶过程中姿态角变化的问题,该文提出了一种基于变参数逆透视变换和道路消失点检测的单目视觉测距模型,实现了车辆在相对运动过程中的纵向距离和横向距离实时测量。首先,该文通过基于纹理方向估计的道路消失点检测算法计算出汽车运动的偏航角和俯仰角,然后运用变参数的逆透视变换和几何建模分析方法,建立车辆测距模型。对不同道路环境和测距方法的2组对比试验分析该文方法的可行性和有效性,结果表明,该文所提出的测距模型能够有效测量纵向70 m、横向4 m以内的目标车辆距离,测量误差在5%以内,且道路环境越好,误差越小,道路良好的平坦道路测距误差在3%以内;该文算法的平均处理速度达到了40帧/s。  相似文献   

4.
采用交叉补偿解耦的乌龙茶自动烘焙机温湿度模糊控制   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
清香型乌龙茶烘焙机温湿度控制存在严重交叉耦合及大滞后特性,其模型参数不确定,难以获取精确的温湿度控制精度。利用模糊推理合成规则,提出了一种有效的交叉解耦手段,获取较精确的温湿度控制结果,较好解决了控制对象的交叉耦合和滞后问题。MATLAB(matrix laboratory)软件仿真结果表明该方法响应速度快,控制精度高、超调量小,无需建立精确的系统模型,能够满足茶叶烘焙机温湿度精密控制的要求。实际运行表明,温湿度误差可控制在理想的精度范围,温度控制误差不大于1℃,相对湿度误差不大于2.5%。  相似文献   

5.
杏鲍菇温室开关式空调的无静差模糊控制器设计与试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对杏鲍菇工厂化生产中开关式空调温度控制精度较低的问题,考虑到常规模糊控制存在静态误差、静态模糊规则不适用于多温室及不断变化的外界环境的不足,该文提出了一种新型基于模糊控制的自适应变论域控制策略.在控制过程中,2个子模糊控制器受区域决策环节控制切换运行,自适应环节以开关式空调的启停周期作为滚动优化单元.当系统完成1个启停周期后,自适应环节根据该周期2个子模糊控制器所属区域的超调量分别校正各自模糊论域的中心点.通过多组对照试验表明,在北方夏季不同温室、自然因素等多变量试验条件下,设定1℃的范围温差,含自适应环节的模糊控制器均表现出良好的动态特性,与传统静态规则模糊控制器的效果相比,超调量平均下降6.5%,个别温室可下降15%以上,并保持在±5%以内.该方法在理论上实现了开关式空调的无静差模糊控制,试验中同样表现出了较好控制效果,且实现方法简单,普遍适用于开关式设备的温度控制.  相似文献   

6.
基于ANFIS的温室气温模糊控制仿真   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
该文实现了通过改变温室通风口开度来模拟和控制温室内气温的目的。根据能量平衡原理构建了温室气温数学模型,基于自适应神经模糊控制系统(ANFIS)完成了控制器设计,其中包括对控制变量的选取、模糊集的定义、论域的量化、隶属函数的选择及控制器的训练。最后用Simulink工具箱建立起室温控制过程的MATLAB仿真模型,并对控制模型进行了仿真分析。仿真结果证明了该温室环境温度模糊控制系统的有效性及合理性,该成果对温室小气候智能调控的发展具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
柴油机高压共轨系统轨压模糊控制与试验   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了改善发动机的冷起动性能以及有利于各工况切换时喷油的精确控制,该文针对采用高压共轨系统的柴油机,建立了基于模型的轨压控制策略,首先分析推导其数学模型;然后利用MATLAB/Simulink建立了轨压控制模型,轨压控制设计了前馈控制加反馈控制的轨压控制器,轨压反馈控制设计了传统的增量式PID(比例-积分-微分,proportion-integration-differentiation)控制器和模糊自适应PID控制器;最后对轨压控制模型进行了离线仿真验证;在此基础上利用硬件在环系统进行发动机台架试验,比较了2种控制器的控制效果。仿真和台架试验结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制器在目标轨压突变时的响应性(响应时间小于0.3 s)和跟随性以及稳定工况下轨压的稳定性(稳态误差小于2 MPa)方面都优于传统的增量式PID控制器,从而验证了控制策略模型的正确性。该研究提出的基于模型的轨压控制策略有助于实现柴油喷油的精确控制,可为柴油机共轨技术国产化提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
番茄钵苗整排取苗手定位的模糊PID控制   总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0  
为解决自动移栽机作业过程中由于机械手定位误差导致的抓取失败、伤苗及漏苗问题,实现整排取苗机械手准确快速定位,该文采用模糊PID控制算法实现自动取苗机械手的步进定位控制。根据整排取苗试验平台分析了机械手水平和竖直方向的定位精度需求,以两相混合式步进电机为对象建立步进电机角速度控制模型,设计模糊规则,建立模糊PID控制器,通过对误差及误差变化率的在线修正,来满足不同误差和误差变化率情况下的控制要求。应用MATLAB/Simulink进行系统仿真,从超调量、响应时间和稳定性指标验证了控制方法的可行性;以单位阶跃信号作为激励,分析PID和模糊PID的控制效果,结果表明:通过固定参数PID仿真分析,获得系统最优PID参数为KP=20,KI=0.2,KD=1,达到稳态所需的时间为0.285 s。在此参数下,模糊PID控制达到稳态所需时间为0.25 s,响应速度优于固定参数PID控制,系统无超调。固定参数PID和模糊PID控制加入扰动后的控制效果分析表明,模糊PID控制系统超调量为40%,达到稳态所需时间为1.34 s,均明显小于固定参数PID控制43%和1.45 s,表明模糊PID在具有扰动的环境中控制效果明显优于固定参数PID控制,步进电机系统快速响应,控制稳定。系统试验结果,模糊PID控制算法的最大误差为2.8 mm,定位平均相对误差为0.81%,定位准确度高,可以满足机械手水平定位精度要求。  相似文献   

9.
逆变器是光伏并网发电中的关键设备,如何调整PWM控制信号的波形,输出与电网电压同频率同相位的电流,是并网逆变器设计中最重要的问题。在分析比较了光伏并网发电系统逆变器各种控制算法的基础上,推导出了单相全桥逆变电路功率开关管占空比关于并网电压和电流误差等可测量物理量的函数关系式,提出了一套基于Takagi-Sugeno模糊模型的PWM波形产生方法。该方法采用四输入双输出的结构,将并网电压和电流误差等可测物理量作为模糊控制器的输入量,经T-S模型模糊处理之后分别得到两组功率开关管的控制信号的占空比。该文最后以单相全桥逆变电路为例,给出了详细的仿真分析,结果显示由该方法生成的PWM控制信号较之传统滞环比较控制等,有开关频率低、硬件电路简单、谐波畸变率小等优势,可实现并网发电要求的单位功率因数。  相似文献   

10.
为了实现铰接式车辆无人驾驶技术。针对路径跟踪问题,该文提出了基于模糊双曲正切模型的铰接式车辆路径跟踪控制算法。首先根据实地试验测得铰接式车辆的横向偏差、横向偏差变化率、航向角偏差、航向角偏差变化率和转向角的样本数据,建立其模糊双曲正切模型。在此基础上,采用改进的自适应反向传播(back propagation,BP)神经网络对模型进行参数辨识,并推导了基于Cauchy鲁棒误差估计器的权系数调解率公式。然后设计基于极点配置方法的控制器,得到转角的反馈控制率。从试验数据可以看出:车辆横向位置偏差、航向角偏差、转角控制量分别控制在0.008 m、0.07 rad(0.5°)、0.21 rad(12°)附近,各向偏差均稳定,误差控制在1%以内。该种路径跟踪控制算法的研究可为铰接式车辆无人驾驶提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

15.
Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.  相似文献   

16.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

17.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

18.
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.  相似文献   

19.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

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