秋季不同播种期对2个菠菜品种入冬前生长特性的影响

通过对不同播种期的2个菠菜品种入冬前的生长特性比较分析,为北疆地区越冬菠菜高产、优质栽培提供最适的播种期和科学依据。以"绿冠369"和"美国大叶"2个菠菜品种为试材,分别于2018年8月15日、8月25日、9月15日进行播种,并于10月16日测定相关形态指标。结果表明:2个不同的菠菜品种在3个播种期均可正常生长,"美国大叶"菠菜的单株叶片数和单株鲜质量随播期的推迟逐渐降低,且各播期有显著差异,而株高、叶绿素相对含量等指标8月15日和8月25日播种时无显著差异;"绿冠369"菠菜随播期的推迟单株叶片数逐渐降低,前2个播期的单株高、单株鲜质量、叶绿素相对含量等指标无显著差异。9月15日播种的"美国大叶"菠菜单株叶片数为5片,"绿冠369"菠菜单株叶片数为6.67片,均符合菠菜安全越冬的要求。北疆地区秋季平均温度20～25℃时播种的菠菜品种入冬前可以供应市场或假植储藏。平均温度15℃左右时播种的2个菠菜品种入冬前的生长指标最适合越冬。     

盐胁迫对黄瓜不同耐盐品种膜脂过氧化及脯氨酸含量的影响

 用浓度为225mmol·L-1的NaCl溶液对黄瓜不同耐盐品种进行处理,研究NaCl胁迫对黄瓜不同耐盐品种叶片膜脂过氧化及脯氨酸含量的影响。结果初步表明,在一定盐浓度下,随着处理天数的延长,耐盐品种和盐敏感品种的膜脂过氧化明显加剧,丙二醛含量和质膜透性明显升高并且差异显著,变化趋势稳定;而脯氨酸含量呈波动式变化,且变化趋势不稳定。因此,丙二醛含量和质膜透性可作为鉴定本试验黄瓜品种耐盐性的生理指标,脯氨酸含量则不宜作为鉴定本试验黄瓜品种耐盐性的生理指标。     

郑州地区早春茬菠菜品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜郑州地区早春茬塑料大棚栽培的菠菜品种,笔者对‘快绿’‘盛绿’‘速生大叶’‘速绿特’‘墨玉绿’‘金富新一代’‘M7菠菜’‘墨玉抗热王’‘旺旺大圆叶’‘1403菠菜’‘豫艺大丰收’(CK)共11个菠菜品种的形态指标、生理指标、抗性、耐抽薹能力及产量进行比较分析。结果表明,‘M7菠菜’植株高度达到最大值,为45.7 cm,高出‘豫艺大丰收’86.53%;叶片长度与叶柄长度比值,最大的是‘旺旺大圆叶’,高出‘豫艺大丰收’65.93%;折合667 m~2产量最高值为‘速生大叶’,达1 567.45 kg,其次为‘盛绿’‘M7菠菜’,折合667 m~2产量分别为1 400.70、1 334.00 kg。因此,‘M7菠菜’‘盛绿’‘速生大叶’3个品种可作为郑州地区早春茬塑料大棚菠菜的主要栽培品种。     

称重法快速鉴定枣耐盐性的研究

采用称重法,研究了不同浓度的NaCl对金丝小枣和酸枣叶片相对1g叶片增重克数的影响。结果表明:称重法以0.4mol/L NaCl作为枣品种耐盐性筛选盐浓度,72h可快速鉴定出酸枣比金丝小枣更耐盐。由于方法简便,称重法可以作为一种枣品种耐盐性快速鉴定方法。     

二硫苏糖醇对海水胁迫下菠菜活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

 以耐海水菠菜品种‘荷兰3号’为材料,采用水培方法,研究了二硫苏糖醇（DTT）对海水胁迫及甲基紫精（MV）诱导下菠菜活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,海水胁迫与MV处理一样,诱导菠菜叶片产生氧化胁迫,使超氧阴离子（）产生速率、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著上升,叶绿素a（Chl.a）、叶绿素b（Chl.b）、总叶绿素[Chl.(a + b)]和类胡萝卜素（Car.）含量显著下降,最大光量子产量（F_v/F_m）、实际光量子产量（Yield）、电子传递速率（ETR）和光化学猝灭系数（q_P）显著降低,而非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ/4）显著上升;海水胁迫与MV处理下,由叶柄导入叶黄素循环活性抑制剂DTT,菠菜叶片活性氧（ROS）大量积累,导致光合色素降解加剧,F_v/F_m、Yield、ETR、NPQ、q_P进一步下降。上述结果表明,海水胁迫抑制了菠菜叶片叶黄素循环活性,降低了叶片非辐射能量耗散能力,加重了叶片ROS积累,从而导致光合色素含量降低,PSⅡ活性下降,电子传递速率降低,用于光化学反应的能量部分减少,光合作用受到严重影响,说明海水胁迫下叶黄素循环在保持菠菜叶片光合色素稳定和光合作用正常运转中发挥重要作用。     

耐抽薹不结球白菜品比试验

作者从上海市农业科学院引进17个耐抽薹不结球白菜品种,通过比较其植株性状、叶片形状及耐抽薹性等指标,筛选适宜上海金山地区种植的耐抽薹不结球白菜品种。试验结果表明,17号白菜的耐抽薹性最好,叶片、叶柄窄长,单株质量267 g;12号、2号白菜的耐抽薹性较好,且2号白菜的植株较高、叶柄窄长,12号白菜的叶柄最短小、叶柄质量仅为15.18 g。17号、12号、2号白菜品种不仅商品性好且耐抽薹性好,可在上海金山地区进行早春种植。7号白菜商品性较好,但耐抽薹性较差,可作为潜力品种适度推广种植。     

仙客来品种间耐热性比较研究

以9个不同品种仙客来幼苗为试材,通过叶片细胞相对膜透性的测定,结合叶片显微结构的观察,对仙客来不同品种间幼苗的耐热性进行了比较.结果表明:法国、日本仙客来品种耐热性最强,荷兰品种耐热性最差;仙客来叶片细胞相对膜透性和叶片表皮厚度均可作为其不同品种间耐热性鉴定指标.     

黄瓜耐弱光性鉴定指标研究及其苗期与成株期的相关分析

以4份黄瓜品系为试验材料,通过测定不同弱光处理下叶片叶绿素含量随时间变化的情况,探索黄瓜苗期耐弱光性鉴定的最适宜光照强度与最佳鉴定时期,同时对黄瓜苗期耐弱光性进行鉴定,并对黄瓜苗期的叶片叶绿素含量降低率与成株期的产量降低率、植株干质量降低率进行相关性分析,探究黄瓜苗期与成株期耐弱光性的相关性。结果表明:20mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)弱光胁迫20d的幼苗叶片叶绿素含量降低率可以作为黄瓜苗期耐弱光筛选的快速鉴定指标。成株期产量的降低率与植株干质量的降低率均能反映成株期品种间耐弱光性的差异。苗期叶片叶绿素含量降低率与成株期的产量降低率呈显著正相关,不同品种在苗期和成株期的耐弱光性表现一致。W_(25)的耐弱光性较强,W_5的耐弱光性较差。     

番茄早疫病抗病性鉴定研究

抗病鉴定接种方法采用分生孢子涂抹法较为适宜;病菌接种适宜的孢子浓度为105/ml(毫升);植株适宜接种时期为4～5叶期;接种后保湿发病时间以48 h(小时)为适.抗病试材鉴定筛选结果以98-325、98-321和98-327抗性表现较好.对生产上主栽品种抗性鉴定结果,中杂9号表现较为耐病.从品种抗病性鉴定试验结果表明,采用植株接种和离体叶接种的鉴定结果基本一致,认为离体叶接种可作为番茄早疫病品种抗病性鉴定的辅助手段.     

春季耐抽薹青菜品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜在上海地区春季栽培的耐抽薹青菜品种,作者从上海市农业科学院引进26个青菜品种进行品种比较试验。试验结果表明,2号青菜的耐抽薹性好、株高和单株质量适中、叶片较窄长、叶柄较长,19号青菜耐抽薹性较好、叶片短圆、叶柄短而宽,可在上海地区作春季栽培品种进行推广种植;4号、23号青菜虽然耐抽薹性一般,但株高适中,开展度较小,单株质量较大,叶片长圆形,叶柄较短,植株长势整齐,综合性状表现较好,可在上海地区其他季节种植。     

高温胁迫对孔雀草和万寿菊不同品种生长和生理的影响

以万寿菊属（Tagetes）的6个孔雀草品种和3个万寿菊品种为试材,研究了38℃／21℃（昼／夜）高温胁迫对其株高、根长、根数、干样质量、热害指数以及叶绿素[Chl．（a＋b）]含量、叶片相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、叶片相对含水量（RWC）、抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT、APX）活性等指标的影响。结...     

砧用南瓜品种资源抗旱性鉴定

以14份砧用南瓜品种为材料,对发芽期(23%PEG-6000模拟干旱)和幼苗期(控制浇水量)进行干旱胁迫处理,采用非加权算术平均法(UPGMA)聚类分析方法分析各品种资源的抗旱性,并对适宜鉴定砧用南瓜抗旱性的形态指标进行筛选。通过测定发芽势、发芽率、活力指数、发芽指数、茎粗、株高、叶面积、鲜质量、干质量、干旱胁迫指数、壮苗指数等11个发芽期和幼苗期的性状指标,将14份砧用南瓜品种资源分为抗旱品种、较抗旱品种、干旱较敏感品种和干旱敏感品种4类。在发芽期和幼苗期均表现出较强抗旱性的品种为大维10号、佳合台木、金刚1号、昆仑、日本根力神、日本绿霸、日本强力士、神砧和胜利(白)等9个品种。种子相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数以及相对株高可作为砧用南瓜品种抗旱性鉴定的可靠指标,相对干质量可作为砧用南瓜品种资源抗旱性鉴定的有益指标。综合分析14个品种的耐盐性、耐寒性、耐热性和抗旱性,发现日本绿霸和日本强力士的多重抗性较强,可作为黄瓜嫁接的优质砧木。     

Guide for Authors

Bromeliad growers report severe leaf quality problems for Aechmea cultivars grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. In this research, a leaf damage ‘sensitive’ and ‘insensitive’ A. cultivar were compared for their C-metabolism and hydrophysiology under these greenhouse conditions. Stomata opening index indicated CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) for both cultivars, with 45–50% open stomata around 4:00 a.m. and 5–10% in the afternoon. Malic and citric acid were the major organic acids present in the leaves, with diurnal malic acid accumulation during the night. The leaf damage ‘sensitive’ cultivar showed higher malic acid accumulation than the ‘insensitive’ cultivar (200 μmol/gfw versus 170 μmol/gfw). Leaf osmotic potential and turgor pressure were linked with diurnal malic acid fluctuations: organic acid accumulation during the night generated high leaf turgor pressures (up to +0.86 MPa).A leaf damage sensitivity test was designed and confirmed previous experiences of several bromeliad growers. Both cultivars showed higher leaf damage percentages (98 and 78%) when leaf malic acid accumulation was high. We attribute this elevated sensitivity to lethal turgor pressures and consider them to be caused by the water capturing mechanism generated by high organic acid accumulation. Under current greenhouse conditions, this water capturing mechanism can be disastrous for plant leaf quality. Especially, under high relative humidity, hindering plant transpiration and stimulating water uptake by dew formation, leaf quality could be endangered.     

十六个德国鸢尾品种的耐热性评价

以16个德国鸢尾品种叶片为试材,在高温条件下测定叶片中叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,利用主成分、隶属函数及聚类分析方法对测定指标进行评价排序,综合鉴定比较16个德国鸢尾品种的耐热特性,以期为研究和利用德国鸢尾耐热品种提供参考依据。结果表明:不同品种在常温下的各项生理指标以及高温胁迫后的变化幅度各不相同;高温胁迫下,德国鸢尾各个品种的叶片中叶绿素含量均有不同程度降低;SOD与POD活性增强;MDA、脯氨酸及可溶性蛋白质含量升高;结合主成分分析、隶属函数值排序,16个德国鸢尾品种间耐热性强弱依次为"魂断蓝桥""PartyDress""Galamadrid""音箱""黑骑士""Ninbeiunge""Queen""Jessica""不朽白""法国回声""金娃娃""笛声""洋娃娃""黄莲""皇家十字军""短梦"。通过检测高温胁迫下德国鸢尾叶片生理指标,并利用主成分和隶属函数分析建立德国鸢尾耐热性的综合鉴定与评价体系,适用于耐热型德国鸢尾品种资源的评价与筛选。     

不同菜心品种耐热性鉴定指标的筛选

研究了6个不同熟性的菜心品种在高温塑料棚中苗期和采收期对农艺性状(株高(PH)、开展度(Width)、基叶数(BLN)、薹叶数(SSLN)、叶片长度(LL)、叶柄长(PL)、叶宽(LW)、叶柄宽(PW)、叶厚(LT)、薹高(SSH)、薹粗(SSD)、薹重(SSW)、总重(TW)和播种成活率(SR))和生理生化(丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、电导率(EC)、叶绿素(Ch))等指标变化的影响,并以菜心热害指数为性状筛选标准,采用隶属函数法对相关数据进行了分析。结果表明:4项指标与热害指数显著负相关并可以用来鉴定菜心的耐热性,即高温塑料棚采收期的菜心株高(HT-PH)、薹叶数(HT-SSLN)、采收期的单株生物总重(HT-TW)和播种成活率(HT-SR)。6个菜心材料的耐热性可以分为3类:"四九-19号菜心"和"四九黄菜心"为耐热型;"油绿50d菜心"和"油绿501菜心"为一般耐热型;"油绿菜心701"和"特青迟心4号"为热敏型。     

杜鹃花品种耐寒性比较及其机制研究

以杜鹃花品种‘埃尔西 ? 李’、‘紫萼’和‘紫蝴蝶’为材料,在浙江杭州自然低温条件下（2013年12月至2014年3月）测定7个取样时期的叶片相对电导率,结合Logistic方程计算半致死温度（LT50）,并比较耐寒性强弱。同时测定耐寒性相关生理指标,通过主成分及相关性分析发现,蔗糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛的含量与杜鹃花耐寒性关系密切,较高的蔗糖积累量及可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量可能是‘埃尔西 ? 李’抵御寒冷的主要途径;由MDA含量推测,膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量上升可能是另一途径。运用隶属函数法对3个杜鹃花品种耐寒性进行综合评价,‘埃尔西 ? 李’耐寒性最强,‘紫蝴蝶’和‘紫萼’耐寒性相似,结合园林应用及冬季表现情况,判定‘紫蝴蝶’耐寒性稍好于‘紫萼’。     

Cultivars Resulting From Cherry Breeding in Germany

In Germany the sweet and sour cherry breeding is concentrated at the Julius Kühn-Institut in Dresden-Pillnitz. The main breeding goals are directed on sweet cherries for fresh market and sour cherries for processing. The selection of new cultivars is focused on fruit quality, high and stable fruit set and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. In result of the breeding activities in sweet cherry four new cultivars, ‘Narana’, ‘Areko’, ‘Swing’, ‘Habunt’, were selected. ‘Narana’ is an early ripening cultivar with good fruit characteristics. ‘Areko’ ripens in the middle of the cherry season some days before cultivar ‘Kordia’ and has large, firm fruits. The both cultivars ‘Swing’ and ‘Habunt’ are self-compatible and more recommended for the use in house gardening. In sour cherry breeding four new cultivars, ‘Coralin’, ‘Spinell’, ‘Jachim’, ‘Boas’, were selected. The cultivar ‘Coralin’ shows good characteristics for processing and mechanical harvest and is tolerant to fungus diseases on leaves. With the large and tasty fruits, the cultivar ‘Spinell’ is mainly suitable for fresh consumption. The both other cultivars ‘Jachim’ and ‘Boas’ have a pillar growth habit.     

Vegetative Growth,Productivity, Berry Quality Attributes and Leaf Macronutrients Content of Currants as Affected by Species and Cultivars

Bush vigor, berry physical traits and chemical composition, seasonal changes of leaf macronutrients content and leaf mineral status at mid-summer (120 DAFB, Days After Full Bloom) were evaluated in black, red and white currants and their cultivars which are grown on heavy soil, and with reduced cultural practices, except pruning, fertilization with cattle manure and weed control with herbicide, under western Serbian conditions. Results indicated that black currant had lower bush size, yield, bunch weight and number of berries per bunch, but had significantly higher berry weight as compared to red and white currants. Red and white currants had similar bush size, yield and bunch weight. Berries of black currant contained much higher levels of soluble solids content, acidity, vitamin C, total phenolics and flavonoids content than both red and white currants, whereas ripening index was similar. Leaf of black currants had lower macronutrients content, except leaf Mg, as compared with others. Very high excesses of all leaf macronutrients content, except in some cases for leaf N and Mg, were observed in currants in mid summer, i.?e. at 120 DAFB. Black currant showed the best balanced nutritional values, whereas red currant showed a wider imbalance in nutritional values. Beside currant species, strong effect of cultivar per se was found on the most of evaluated features. Generally, black currant cv. ‘Eva’, red currant cv. ‘Slovakia’, somewhat ‘Detvan’, and white currant cv. ‘Primus’ had higher bush size, better berry physico-chemical attributes and higher leaf macronutrients content than others. Finally, ‘Eva’, ‘Tatran’ and ‘Meridian’ showed the best balanced nutritional values at 120 DAFB.     

Preliminary trials to examine the effects of ethephon as a thinner of ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples

Trials in southern Tasmania examined the thinning effects of ethephon on ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples. Untreated controls were compared with ethephon thinning sprays applied at full bloom at 50,100,200,400,800 and 1 600 mg I“1 to both cultivars. Thinning of both cultivars was related to the concentration of the spray and in most cases logistic models were fitted. Thinning effectiveness was largely reflected in increased fruit weight and size. The ‘Gala’ fruit was still not large enough for Australian markets. Ethephon at 200 mg I“1 effectively thinned ‘Jonagold’ and produced the required increases in fruit size and weight. ‘Jonagold’ was overthinned by the high concentrations of ethephon, but this was not reflected in increased fruit weight and size. Ethephon also reduced vegetative growth at the higher concentrations which was considered an advantage. More work is required to establish specific recommendations for either cultivar.     

Effect of Leaf Number and Area on the Fruit Growth of Regular and Biennial Bearing Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown Under North Indian Conditions

Abstract

The optimum leaf number required for normal fruit growth in the regular bearing mango cultivar ‘Amrapali’ and the biennial bearing cultivars ‘Chausa’, ‘Dashehari’ and ‘Langra’ were studied by isolating individual fruits with known numbers of supporting leaves by shoot girdling at the time of fruit set. There were significant differences in the leaf area (249.01-1817.10 cm2), fresh weight (7.0-77.0 g) and dry weight (3.7-50.0 g) of leaves on shoots having 30, 20, 10 and 5 leaves as compared with control in different cultivars. In both types of cultivars, there was a progressive reduction in fruit size in terms of total fruit, pulp, peel, and seed weight with decreasing numbers of supporting leaves, however, a minimum reduction (2.4%) in fruit growth in ‘Amrapali’ was noticed with 30 supporting leaves. A nonsignificant difference in photosynthetic rate with varying number of leaves was found but its efficiency in leaves was higher in ‘Amrapali’ as compared with biennial bearing cultivars. Starch accumulation in the leaves was reduced by shoot girdling. The stomatal resistance of the leaves of girdled shoots was comparable with that of leaves on control shoots. In all the cultivars except ‘Amrapali’ it was observed that 30 leaves, the maximum retained on a shoot, could not support the growth of a single fruit to normal size. The data on rate of photosynthesis in different pool size of leaves and fruit growth in girdled and nongirdled shoots clearly show that fruit development depends not only on the current assimilates but also to a great extent on reserves. A 14CO2 feeding experiment showed a higher rate of carbon fixation in the leaves of girdled shoots than in the control shoots, but the translocation of 14C assimilated to the developing fruits on the girdled and control shoots was comparable. The results also indicated that developing fruits are major sinks for current photosynthates as more than 60 percent of the 14C exported from the treated leaf was found in the fruit in all instances.