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1.
In vitro shoots of six pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, ‘Conference’, ‘Doyennéd'Hiver’, ‘Passe Crassane’, ‘Bartlett’, ‘AbbéFetel’ and ‘Butirra Precoce Morettini’
were irradiated with gamma rays (3.5 Gy). After three subcultures, microcuttings from the irradiated shoots and from additional
non-irradiated microcuttings were rooted to establish plants for survey orchards. All trees were individually observed for
variation in fruit traits and for productivity. Trees were selected for improved characters related to production such as
early bearing and consistent productivity. Variations observed in fruit appearance concerned degree of russeting, fruit shape
and size. The frequencies of the observed variations in fruit traits depended on the cultivar, ranging from 0.81% in ‘Doyennéd'Hiver’
to 3.64% in ‘Passe Crassane’. Of the 97 variants selected, only two showed chimeral behavior.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Twenty two Uromyces appendiculatus isolates were tested on 20 differential and 25 Ecuadorian Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars in the seedling stage. Based on the infection types 20 races could be discerned. The Ecuadorian cultivars differed
greatly in their reaction to the isolates, from resistant to only one isolate (`Red Small Garden') to resistant to all isolates
(’G2333‘). The isolates showed a wide range of virulence to the Ecuadorian cultivars, from virulent to only two cultivars
(isolate 13) to virulent to 21 cultivars (isolates 5 and 23).
Seven cultivars with a basically susceptible infection type appeared to differ greatly in quantitative resistance when tested
in three consecutive crop cycles. The disease severities in percentage leaf area affected averaged over the three cycles ranged
between 83.9% for ‘Red Small Garden’ and 13.1% for ‘INIAP-414’.
Race-specific resistance does not seem an advisable breeding strategy, but the quantitative resistance offers a good alternative. 相似文献
3.
Self and cross-incompatibility determination by means of fruit and seed set experiments or pollen tube growth observations
in the style has been frequently reported to be unclear in pear (Pyrus communis L.). Thus,in order to develop a reliable in vivo method to test pollen-pistil incompatibility in pear, pollen tube performance has been studied along the pistil following
self and cross-pollinations. Results show that, while pollen tube growth in the style may be an unclear test, ovule observation
at the microscope for the presence of pollen tube in the nucellus is a proper method to test incompatibility in this crop.
With this analysis we could identify S-alleles of ‘Williams’ (S1S2) and ‘Coscia’(S3S4), and three of the four possible S-genotypes resulting from the ‘Williams’ × ‘Coscia’ cross, as represented by ‘Butirra Precoz
Morettini’ (S1S3), ‘Santa Maria Morettini’ (S2S3)and ‘Tosca’ (S1S4). This result demonstrates that ‘Williams’ and ‘Coscia’ cultivars do not share any allele in common. We also established
two new inter-incompatibility groups in pear. Furthermore, the presence of a common allele between ‘Williams’ and ‘Agua de
Aranjuez’,and ‘Coscia’ and ‘Agua de Aranjuez’, three apparently unrelated old cultivars, may indicate a narrower genetic base
than expected for European pear. This finding together with the fact that 40% of new released cultivars have direct or indirect
parental relationship with the cultivars ‘Coscia’ and/or ‘Williams’, anticipates the possibility of new cases of cross-incompatibility
for this crop in the future. Both the method described and the determination of the S-genotypes will facilitate the characterisation
of self and cross-incompatibility relationships in this species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Sarika Mathure Asif Shaikh N. Renuka Kantilal Wakte Narendra Jawali Ratnakar Thengane Altafhusain Nadaf 《Euphytica》2011,179(2):237-246
Eighty-eight aromatic cultivars collected from Maharashtra state were assessed for determinants of kernel quality (kernel
size-shape, test weight and aroma) and grain morphology such as awning, lemma and palea characters, pubescence, colour of
sterile lemma and apiculus colour. We, report seven cultivars—‘Girga’, ‘Kothmirsal’, ‘Kala bhat’, ‘Chimansal’, ‘Jiri’, ‘Kalsal’
‘Velchi’ and ‘Kali kumud’ as indigenous to southern India. Of the 69 cultivars characterized for agronomic traits 36 cultivars
were exquisite genotypes and possessed one or more superior traits such as early flowering, dwarf stature, higher number of
productive tiller per plant; long panicles; higher number of filled grains per panicle and strong aroma. Variability in aromatic
cultivars was assessed on the basis of nine traits placed aromatic rice cultivars in five clusters. Number of cultivars in
each cluster ranged from 1 to 33. 27 significant correlations were obtained in the physical, agronomic and grain morphology
traits. Aroma was found to be negatively associated with days to 50% flowering as well as with filled grains per panicle.
However, correlation between panicle length and effective tillers with aroma was not observed. Therefore, to increase the
yield, improvement in length of panicle and increasing number of productive tillers in medium or mild scented cultivars would
be the best strategy. 相似文献
5.
Summary
Valsa canker is the most serious wood rot disease of apple in Japan. Dormant, excised twig assay in vitro was used to determine
resistance to Valsa canker. ‘Fuji’, ‘Starking Delicious’, ‘M.26 EMLA’, and ‘MM.106’ were considered to be highly susceptible,
while Malus sieboldii showed moderate resistance. Several cultivars belonging toM. prunifolia, M. baccata, andM. × domestica showed comparative resistance. The phloridzin content in the bark ofMalus species was studied in relation toValsa canker resistance. Phloridzin content ofM. sieboldii was lower than inM. × domestica. Comparatively resistant cultivars had similar or higher phloridzin content compared to susceptible cultivars. No clear correlations
were found between resistance and phloridzin contents in the bark ofMalus species. 相似文献
6.
Selecting high yielding upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. lines with improved fiber quality is a primary breeding goal. A diverse set of ten cultivars and one breeding line were
crossed in a half diallel. Parents and F2 hybrids were grown in three environments at Mississippi State, MS. Ten agronomic and fiber traits were analyzed by a mixed
linear model approach based on the additive-dominance genetic model. Variance component, genetic effects and genetic correlations
were calculated. ‘Acala Ultima’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, micronaire, lint
percentage, and boll weight. ‘FiberMax 966’ was a desirable general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, strength, and all
agronomic traits. ‘Tamcot Pyramid’ and M240 were poor general combiners for both fiber and agronomic traits. ‘Coker 315’ was
a good general combiner for fiber length, uniformity, micronaire, boll weight, boll number, and yield. Heterozygous dominance
effects were associated with several crosses, which suggest their use as hybrids. 相似文献
7.
Researchers interested in evaluating watermelon (Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) cultivars for yield often use multiple-row plots to simulate the monoculture system growers use
or ingle-row plots to save on land, labor, and seeds. An important question is whether there is significant interaction of
border rows with center rows when diverse cultivars are planted in adjacent rows. Based on recommendations from watermelon
researchers in the U.S., ‘Charleston Gray’, ‘Crimson Sweet’, and ‘Sugar Baby’ were chosen to represent long, medium, and short-vined
cultivars, respectively. Cultivars were planted in three-row plots with all nine combinations of the three represented in
border and center rows. The experiment was a randomized complete block with the nine border by center plot combinations, two
locations (Kinston, Clinton), and three replications at each location. Vine length was measured during the season, and fruit
from four harvests were graded (marketable and cull), counted and weighed. Results showed that ‘Charleston Gray’ had the longest
vines, followed by ‘Crimson Sweet’ and ‘SugarBaby’. In the analysis of variance, the largest effects (F ratio) on yield were
from cultivar, location, and the interaction of the two. The smallest effects were border row and the interaction of center
with border row. Center by border interactions were significant (5%level) in some cases, but were usually small and did not
involve change in rank. Therefore, researchers interested in running trials with many cultivars and small seed quantities
can obtain good data using single-row plots. However, there is a small (but significant) interaction of center with border
rows in some cases, so testing at the final stage should be with trials having multiple-row plots or with cultivars grouped
by vine length. Additional research is needed to determine the effect of cultivars having extreme plant types, for example
dwarf cultivars in bordering rows with long-vined cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Characterization of segregation distortion on chromosome 3 induced in wide hybridization between indica and japonica type rice varieties 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
S. Matsushita T. Iseki Y. Fukuta E. Araki S. Kobayashi M. Osaki M. Yamagishi 《Euphytica》2003,134(1):27-32
We previously surveyed chromosomal regions showing segregation distortion of RFLP markers in the F2 population from the cross between a japonica type variety ‘Nipponbare’ and an indica type variety ‘Milyang23’, and showed
that the most skewed segregation appeared on the short arm of chromosome 3. By comparison with the marker loci where distortion
factors were previously identified, this region was assumed to be a gametophytic selection-2 (ga2) gene region. To evaluate this region, two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. One NIL had the ‘Nipponbare’ segment
of this region on the genetic background of ‘Milyang23’ (NIL9-23), and the other NIL had the ‘Milyang23’ segment on the genetic
background of ‘Nipponbare’ (NIL33-18). NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’, NIL33-18 and
‘Nipponbare’, and ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ were respectively crossed to produce F1 and F2 populations. The F1 plants of NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and NIL33-18 × ‘Nipponbare’ showed high seed fertility and the same pollen fertility as their
parental cultivars, indicating that ga2 does not reduce seed and pollen fertility. Segregation ratio of a molecular marker on the ga2 region in the three F2 populations was investigated to clarify whether segregation distortion occurred on the different genetic backgrounds. Segregation
distortion of the ga2 region appeared in the both F2 populations from the NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was
‘Milyang23’ homozygote) and the ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was heterozygote), but did notin the F2 population from the NIL33-18 and ‘Nipponbare’ cross (background was ‘Nipponbare’ homozygote). This result indicates that
ga2 interacts with a ‘Milyang23’ allele(s) on the different chromosomal region(s) to cause skewed segregation of the ga2 region. In addition, segregation ratio was the same between the F2 populations from NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and ‘Nipponbare’ × ‘Milyang23’ crosses, suggesting that the both genotypes, ‘Milyang23’
homozygote and heterozygote, of gene(s) located on the different chromosomal region(s) have the same effect on the segregation
distortion.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
T. T. Efremova O. I. Maystrenko V. S. Arbuzova L. I. Laikova G. M. Panina O. M. Popova O. V. Berezova 《Euphytica》2006,151(2):145-153
Ear emergence time and response to vernalization were investigated in 12 alien substitution lines in which a pair of chromosomes 5A of recipient spring wheat cultivars was replaced by a pair of chromosomes 5R of Siberian spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’. The recipients were 12 spring cultivars of common wheat, each carrying different Vrn genes. Spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’ had the Sp1 (now called Vrn-R1) gene for spring growth habit located on chromosome 5R, but its expression was weaker. The Vrn-R1 gene had no effect on growth habit, ear emergence time and response to vernalization in wheat-rye substitution lines. Ears emerged significantly later in the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines than in the recipient wheat cultivars with the Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1 or Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1 genotypes. No difference in ear emergence time was found between most of the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines and the cultivars carrying the recessive vrn-A1 gene. The presence of the Vrn2a and Vrn2b alleles at the Vrn2 (now called Vrn-B1) locus located on wheat chromosome 5B was confirmed.The replacement of chromosome 5A by chromosome 5R in wheat cultivars ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’, which carries the single dominant gene Vrn-A1, converted them to winter growth habit. In field studies near Novosibirsk the winter hardiness of 5R(5A) wheat–rye substitution lines of ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’ was increased by 20–47% and 27–34%, respectively, over the recurrent parents. 相似文献
10.
Morphological and molecular characterization of melon accessions resistant to Fusarium wilts 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (F.o.m) is one of the most widespread and devastating melon diseases. While resistance to physiological races 0, 1, and 2
is relatively frequent in different botanical varieties, sources of resistance to race 1,2 are restricted to a few Far-Eastern
accessions. In this work, the results of a screening for resistance to F.o.m. race 1,2 among 32 accessions are presented.
Three Japanese accessions (‘Kogane Nashi Makuwa’, ‘C-211’, and ‘C-40’) showed the highest resistance levels, but useful levels
of resistance were also detected in one Russian ‘C-160’ and two Spanish (‘C-300’ and ‘Mollerusa-7’) accessions. These resistant
materials, together with other accessions previously described as resistant to F.o.m. races 0, 1, and/or 2 have been morphologically
and molecularly characterized. Based on cluster analysis, these accessions have been grouped according to the botanical subspecies
they belong to. Assessment of genetic diversity indicated that the resistant accessions to races 0, 1 and 2, are scattered
along the established clusters. On the other hand, high levels of resistance to the race 1,2 could be found only among accessions
belonging to Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis, nevertheless, a certain degree of resistance to this race could also be found within some accessions belonging to subsp.
melo. As far as we know, this is the first report of resistance to F.o.m race 1,2 found out from the Far-Eastern melon material.
Based on fruits characteristics, it appears that several inodurus and cantalupensis accessions could be exploited in breeding programs as resistance sources to F.o.m races 0, 1 and/or 2 for the improvement
of these melon types. The accessions with the highest levels of resistance to the race 1,2 appeared to be very distant both
molecularly and morphologically from the commercial types. Nevertheless ‘C-160’, ‘C-300’, and ‘Mollerusa-7’ classified as
var. inodorus are morphologically very similar to the Spanish commercial types and might be used as resistant sources in breeding these
melon types. 相似文献
11.
Shigeki Moriya Hiroshi Iwanami Kazuma Okada Toshiya Yamamoto Kazuyuki Abe 《Euphytica》2011,177(1):135-150
Differentiation of cultivars with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers is a very useful technique for the true-to-type characterization
of cultivars and clarification of parent-offspring relationships. We developed an SSR marker set for cultivar identification
comprising 15 markers that were screened from 46 previously published SSRs. This marker set could be used for apple varieties
including Malus × domestica and/or other Malus species. These SSRs successfully characterized 95 apples, including the leading and major founding cultivars used worldwide
for modern apple breeding. Therefore, this marker set could be applied to almost all apple cultivars. We also analyzed the
parent-offspring relationships of 69 cultivars by considering allele transmissions. This analysis revealed the true parentage
of the following seven cultivars: ‘Kizashi’, ‘Chinatsu’, ‘Honey Queen’, ‘Haruka’, ‘Seirin’, ‘Ozenokurenai’, and Morioka #48.
This analysis also revealed a parentage discrepancy for ‘Hacnine’. From the parent-offspring analysis, two microsatellite
mutation events at alleles inherited from pollen parents were observed. 相似文献
12.
In this study, Tulipa fosteriana was found to contain 45S rDNA repeat units of 9.7 and 9.5 kb, in which at least 7 types of 45S rDNAs were identified by restriction
site analysis. For 5S rDNA, repeat units ranging from 364 bp to 396 bp were identified. The diploid cultivars (2n = 2x = 24)
‘Christmas Dream’ and ‘Queen of Night,’ representing the horticultural group T. gesneriana, and ‘Red Emperor’, belonging to T. fosteriana, were compared cytogenetically using cloned 5S and 45S rDNAs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis identified
many rDNA sites located on each chromosome in the diploid genomes. For example, we identified 71 sites of 5S rDNA and 10 sites
of 45S rDNA in ‘Red Emperor’. Additionally, FISH analyses enabled construction of karyotypes for these cultivars. Karyotype
comparison of T. gesneriana cultivars showed conservation of repetitive rDNA unit positioning. A clear difference in chromosome size and signal pattern
was observed between T.
gesneriana and T.
fosteriana cultivars. Here we demonstrate the unique nature of the highly repeated 5S rDNA units in these Tulipa species and the usefulness of FISH karyotyping with cloned 5S and 45S rDNAs to clearly distinguish between chromosomes from
T. gesneriana and T. fosteriana.
Hitoshi Mizuochi and Agnieszka Marasek contributed equally to this paper 相似文献
13.
Rong-Cai Yang Mohan R. Thiagarajah Vipan K. Bansal Gary R. Stringam M. Habibur Rahman 《Euphytica》2006,148(3):217-225
Summary The segregation and linkage between glufosinate (transgenes ‘Rf3’ and ‘T177’) and blackleg resistance genes in canola (Brassica napus L.) were assessed using F1 microspore-derived doubled haploid (DH) populations from four crosses including reciprocals, two involving the transgene ‘Rf3’ and the other two involving the transgene ‘T177’. To relax the assumption of no segregation distortion required for the conventional analysis of segregation and linkage, we employed Bailey's analysis that allows detecting segregation distortion at linked loci. The significant departures from the 1:1 segregation were detected in the crosses involving the transgene ‘T177’ but not in the crosses involving the transgene ‘Rf3’. The apparent deficit of the herbicide tolerant DH lines in the crosses with the transgene ‘T177’ is likely due to differential selection against the gametes carrying ‘T177’ during microspore culture. The linkage was strong between blackleg resistance and the transgene ‘Rf3’ but weak or absent between blackleg resistance and the transgene ‘T177’, suggesting that the two transgenes are probably inserted into distant regions of the genome. The observed linkage offers an opportunity to develop new canola cultivars with both glufosinate tolerance conferred by transgene ‘Rf3’ and blackleg resistance. 相似文献
14.
Petra Scheewe 《Euphytica》1994,77(1-2):25-29
Summary The fungusPhytophthora fragariae Hickman is the causal agent of red stele disease in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), this being a major disease in many areas with cool and moist conditions. Success of resistance breeding can be nullified
by the appearence of specific races of the fungus capable of overcoming the introduced resistance. In some countries (USA,
UK, Japan and Canada) races were identified by using a differential set of strawberry cultivars. The absence of an international
standard differential set and the use of different test methods make a comparison of the identified races difficult or even
lead to contradictory results for one variety/race combination. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the
spectrum of pathogenic races in Germany as a basic contribution to research on resistance breeding against the fungus. The
susceptibility of different strawberry cultivars to German isolates ofP. fragariae was evaluated. The inoculation was done by modifying a method described by Milholland et al. (1989). Rootedin vitro plants, four weeks after transferring them to the soil, were used for the investigation. Inoculation was done with a zoospore
suspension of defined concentration. Up to now three German isolates, G-1, G-2, and G-3, can be separated by their ability
to infect and produce oospores in the roots of the strawberry cultivars ‘Senga Sengana’, either ‘Saladin’, ‘Redgauntlet’ or
‘Climax’ andFragaria chiloensis clone ‘YaquinaB’. These results confirm the existence of pathogenic races ofP. fragariae in Germany and should be taken into consideration for resistance breeding against the fungus. 相似文献
15.
Salvador Becerra-Rodríguez Víctor Manuel Medina-Urrutia Marciano Manuel Robles-González Timothy Williams 《Euphytica》2008,164(1):27-36
Grapefruit growers in the tropics require information about existing and new citrus cultivars with high productivity potential.
The objective of this study was to determine the growth, yield, and fruit quality performance of seven pigmented and four
white grapefruit cultivars under the dry tropic conditions of Colima, Mexico. The trees were budded on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock and planted at a distance of 8 × 4 m. ‘Oroblanco’ and ‘Marsh Gardner’ white-fleshed grapefruit cultivars and
‘Chandler’, a pink-fleshed pummelo, were the largest trees with the greatest height (5.0–5.6 m), canopy diameter (6.2–6.3 m),
trunk diameter (21.9–23.3 cm), and canopy volume (109–123 m3). Lower height (4.3–4.8 m) and canopy volume (73–96 m3), but with similar canopy diameter to the previously mentioned cultivars, were recorded for the remaining pigmented cultivars.
‘Chandler’ pummelo and four pigmented grapefruit cultivars (‘Shambar’, ‘Río Red’, ‘Ray Ruby’, and ‘Redblush #3’) had yearly
productions of 34.8, 34.9, 34.1, 32.7, and 30.6 ton ha−1, respectively. The most productive white grapefruit cultivar was ‘Marsh Gardner’ (30.5 ton ha−1). Grapefruit cultivars having the largest fruit size showed a higher inverse relationship between fruit weight and yield
than those with small fruit. Most genotypes had higher values of fruit weight, juice content, and maturity index than those
required by the local market. The most promising grapefruit cultivars based on their acceptable growth, yield superior to
30 ton ha−1, and acceptable fruit color were ‘Río Red’, ‘Shambar’, ‘Ray Ruby’, and ‘Redblush #3’. 相似文献
16.
Jonathan Mkumbira Linley Chiwona-Karltun Ulf Lagercrantz Nzola Meso Mahungu John Saka Albert Mhone Mpoko Bokanga Leon Brimer Urban Gullberg Hans Rosling 《Euphytica》2003,132(1):7-22
Cassava roots, a major food in Africa, contain cyanogenic glucosides that may cause toxic effects. Malawian women farmers
considered fields of seemingly similar cassava plants to be mixes of both ‘cool’ and ‘bitter’ cultivars. They regard roots
from ‘cool’ cultivars as non-toxic. Roots of ‘bitter’ were considered to require extensive traditional processing done by
women to be safe for consumption. But curiously, these women farmers preferred ‘bitter’ cultivars since toxicity confers protection
against theft, which was a serious threat to the food security of their families. We studied how well these farmers comprehend
the effects of genetic variations in cassava when dealing with cyanogenesis in this complex system. Using molecular markers
we show that most plants farmers identified as belonging to a particular named cultivar had a genotype typical of that cultivar.
Farmers' ethno-classification into ‘cool’ and ‘bitter’ cultivars corresponded to a genetic sub-division of the typical genotypes
of the most common cultivars, with four-fold higher cyanogenic glucoside levels in the bitter cultivars. Examining morphology,
farmers distinguished genotypes better than did the investigators when using a standard botanical key. Undoubtedly, these
women farmers grasp sufficiently the genetic diversity of cassava with regard to cyanogenesis to simultaneously benefit from
it and avoid its dangers. Consequently, acyanogenic cassava – the breeding of which is an announced good of some cassava genetic
improvement programmes – is not a priority to these farmers. Advances in molecular genetics can help improve food supply in
Africa by rapid micropropagation, marker assisted breeding and introduction of transgenic varieties, but can also help to
elucidate tropical small-scale farmers' needs and skills.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Genetic characterization and identification of new accessions from Syria in an olive germplasm bank by means of RAPD markers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Angjelina Belaj Juan M. Caballero Diego Barranco Luis Rallo Isabel Trujillo 《Euphytica》2003,134(3):261-268
Thirty-two olive cultivar accessions from Syria, most of them obtained from collecting expeditions, were characterized by
means of RAPD markers before being introduced in the World Germplasm Bank of Cordoba. A total of 79 polymorphic bands(6.1
polymorphisms per primer) out of 93(7.1 bands per primer) were scored for the13 primers used, corresponding to 84.9% of the
amplification products. Thirty-one different genotypes were clearly discriminated. Differences were not found among the amplification
profiles from different individuals of the same cultivar. Only two cases of mislabeling or errors of planting were found.
Fourteen accessions corresponding to 6 homonyms were discriminated by RAPDs as different genotypes. The dendrogram obtained
by RAPD analysis included three major groups. Some evidence of relationships of the Syrian accessions studied according to
their geographic origin and/or diffusion was found. For instance, cultivars from the Central Syria (Tadmur/Palmyra)such as
Toffahi', ‘Abbadi Abo Gabra’-1033,‘Abo Kanani’, ‘Shami’-1041, ‘Abbadi Shalal’ ‘Adgam’-844 and ‘Majhol’-1013 clustered in Group
1 and 2. Six cultivars from Northern Syria clustered in Group 2. But it was not found a geographic structure for the cultivars
from South and West of Syria. These results agree with the hypothesis of autochthonous origin of most of the olive cultivars.
Some associations between cultivars from Central Syria and their fruit size were observed. This suggests that fruit size was
a criterion of local selection in olive cultivars of this area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
N. F. Weeden M. Hemmatt D. M. Lawson M. Lodhi R. L. Bell A. G. Manganaris B. I. Reischs S. K. Brown G. -N. Ye 《Euphytica》1994,77(1-2):71-75
Summary Extensive linkage maps, consisting primarily of molecular markers, are being developed for apple, pear, and grape varieties.
The intrinsically high heterozygosity of outcrossing perennial species is utilized to produce segregating populations directly
from a cross between varieties. Nearly complete linkage maps have been generated for the apple varieties ‘Rome Beauty’ and
‘White Angel’. The map for ‘Rome Beauty’ contains 161 molecular markers, while that for ‘White Angel’ has 251 markers. Maps
for the pear varieties, ‘Bartlett’ and NY10353, also are being developed. Linkages conserved between the pear and apple genomes
have been identified. In grapes, maps for four varieties are available, the most extensive being those for ‘Cayuga White’
and ‘Aurore’. The apple maps have been used to investigate the genetic basis of morphological and physiological characters.
A gene controlling the presence of anthocyanins in the skin of the fruit is located on linkage group 3. Genes controlling
early bud break, branching habit, and production of root suckers have also been identified and mapped. 相似文献
19.
A.B. Nwauzoma A. Tenkouano J.H. Crouch M. Pillay D. Vuylsteke L.A. Daniel Kalio 《Euphytica》2002,123(3):323-331
This study examined the potential of somaclonal variation for the improvement of plantain. Approximately 500 somaclones each
of ‘Agbagba’ (False Horn plantain) and ‘Bise Egome’ (French plantain) were field evaluated for their agronomic performance
and response to the black Sigatoka disease. The micropropagated populations were independently generated from a number of
suckers from each accession. Significant differences between micropropagated accessions and crop cycles were observed. Differences
between plants derived from suckers of the same accession were also expressed, indicating the chimerical nature of variation
in the traits studied. None of the plants of the micropropagated populations from ‘Bise Egome’ exhibited significantly better
disease tolerance and agronomic performance than the source accession. However,one somaclonal variant of ‘Agbagba’ (‘AO 2B2-2’)
expressed lower susceptibility to the black Sigatoka disease. Compared to ‘Agbagba’, ‘AO 2B2-2’ had a higher bunch weight,
more fruits per bunch with higher average weight, greater average length, and greater average girth. These data clearly show
that, in contrast to previous reports, it is possible to recover superior somaclonal mutants in Musa.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Takeshi Takasaki Kazuma Okada Carlos Castillo Yuki Moriya Toshihiro Saito Yutaka Sawamura Naoko Norioka Shigemi Norioka Tetsu Nakanishi 《Euphytica》2004,135(2):157-167
A new S
9-allele was discovered in 6 Japanese pear cultivars, ‘Shinkou’, ‘Shinsei’, ‘Niitaka’, ‘Amanogawa’, ‘Nangetsu’ and ‘Nansui’.
cDNA encoding S
9-RNase, a stylar product of S
9-allele, was cloned from pistils of ‘Shinkou’ and ‘Shinsei’ by 3' and 5' RACE. The S
9-RNase gene had an open reading frame of 684 nucleotides encoding 228 amino acid residues. S
9-RNase had a hypervariable (HV) region different from S
1- to S
8-RNase and shared higher similarity (95.2%) with apple S
3-RNase than with 8 Japanese pear S-RNases (from 61.0% to 70.7%). Genomic PCR with primers ‘FTQQYQ’ and ‘anti-(I/T) IWPNV’ provided S
1- to S
9-amplicon (product), but could not discriminate the S
2 from the S
9 of ca. 1.3 kb. The S
2 and S
9 were distinguished by digestion with AflII and BstBI, respectively. The digestion with nine S-allele-specific restriction endonucleases, SfcI, AflII, PpuMI, NdeI,AlwNI, HincII, AccII, NruI and BstBI, distinguished S
1 to S
9, establishing that this PCR-RFLP system is useful for S-genotype assignments in Japanese pear harboring S
1- to S
9-allele. ‘Shinkou’, ‘Shinsei’, ‘Nangetsu’ and ‘Nansui’ assigned as S
4
S
9 were determined to be cross incompatible.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献