不同成本乳猪料在规模化猪场饲喂试验

试验研究新的乳猪料配方技术和饲养方案对当前处于众多病原因素高压环境中的乳猪从21~62日龄饲养阶段的饲料抗逆性和营养适应性,及如何理性降低饲料成本。试验共分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每重复8头猪。处理1是高成本配方,处理2是相对低成本配方,处理3的配方同处理2,处理3采用营养套餐模式饲养。选取72头21日龄断奶的6kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,按体质量大小随机分配到各处理组中,试验分2个阶段进行,第1阶段是4~5周龄,第2阶段是6~9周龄。试验猪在试验前3d适当限饲,以后自由采食和饮水。结果表明,新的乳猪料配方技术提高了动物的生产性能,并能提高处于众多病原因素高压环境中的仔猪的健康水平来增强对疾病的抵御能力,从而在生产中有效减少药物滥用和疾病发生率。在第2阶段,处理2日增质量比处理1和处理3分别低9.49%和9.39%。结果表明,用单一饲料饲喂,高成本配方的饲喂效果优于相对低成本配方,但采用营养套餐的饲喂方式时,低成本配方的配套饲喂效果可达到高成本配方的饲喂效果,从而减少饲料成本,提高经济效益。     

提高蛋鸡产蛋率的饲料科学配方

正蛋鸡20周龄左右进入产蛋期,为了提高产蛋率,可根据具体情况选取适宜的饲料配方。1)21~36周龄蛋鸡饲料配方:玉米45%,高粱15%,麸皮7%,豆饼18%,鱼粉7%,骨粉0.5%,贝粉7.5%。2)36周龄以后蛋鸡饲料配方:玉米40.5%,高粱15%,麸皮10%,豆饼12%,稻糠7%,鱼粉7%,骨粉0.5%,贝粉8%。     

如何防治鸡痛风症

正鸡痛风症的防治措施主要是严格按照科学的饲料配方配制饲料,特别是蛋白质的含量应该符合营养标准。一般饲料中蛋白含量是在0~6周龄为18%,6～14周龄为15%,产蛋鸡根据产蛋量调整,一般在14%～17%。同时,应该在饲料中提供充足的维生素A,合理搭配钙、磷比例,改善饲养管理等。另外,应该作好鸡传染性支气管炎病的预防和控制,防止肾型支气管炎的发生。     

雉鸡和鹧鸪的营养需要量

雉鸡雉鸡的行为和营养需要与其它禽类相比,更接近小火鸡和鹌鹑。在4周龄以内,如果饲喂2500～3000千卡代谢能/千克的饲粮,必须提供高水平的蛋白质(见表1)。提供给射猎用雉鸡的饲料必须保证雉鸡的最佳飞行,对是否只用谷物饲料这一问题一直争论不休。最好还是使用配合饲料(见表1中12周龄以后雉鸡的需要量)或是使用谷物并加以补充剂。若使用谷物并加以补充剂则须使其最后混合后具有同配合饲料相似的特征。成年母雉鸡的营养需要量并不太高,使用产蛋鸡的饲粮就行,或也可用表2所示的饲粮。     

肉种鸡产蛋期饲料的调整

1产蛋期饲料与育成期饲料的差异优质肉鸡种鸡育成期一般指6~21周龄阶段,21周龄之后进入产蛋期。产蛋期、育成期饲料的差异主要表现在饲料原料、饲料配方和饲料中所含营养物质浓度上。育成料使用低蛋白质配方,一般蛋白质含     

“京红1号”商品代蛋鸡17～20周龄日粮适宜钙水平的研究

本试验通过研究17~20周龄蛋鸡日粮钙水平对其17~26周龄生产性能的影响,并对敏感指标进行二次曲线回归拟合,确定商品代蛋鸡17~20周龄阶段的日粮适宜钙水平。选用16周龄健康"京红1号"商品代蛋鸡900只,随机分为5个钙水平(0.80%、1.50%、2.20%、2.90%和3.60%)处理,每个处理12个重复。预试期1周饲喂相同的育成鸡饲料;17~20周龄分别饲喂不同钙水平的日粮;21~26周龄饲喂相同产蛋高峰期日粮(钙水平3.6%)跟踪观测其生产性能。结果表明:日粮钙水平对17~26周龄蛋鸡胫长增量、日增重、日产蛋量和蛋品质等指标无显著影响(P0.05);2.90%钙水平组17~20周龄的饲料增重比为12.43:1,显著低于其他处理组(P0.05);2.90%钙水平组21~26周龄平均蛋重高于其余处理组,且达到显著水平(P0.05);采用敏感指标不合格蛋率为因变量,日粮钙水平为自变量,拟合二次曲线得到日粮最佳钙水平为2.74%。结合剂量反应法以及回归法可得到京红蛋鸡预产蛋期(17~20周龄)日粮最佳钙水平为2.74%~2.90%,或者表示为钙的只日需要量2.51~2.66 g/d。     

11～17周龄雌性雉鸡蛋白质适宜需要量研究

旨在通过评价饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平对11～17周龄雌性雉鸡生长性能、氮代谢、营养物质表观代谢率、血清生化指标、肌肉化学成分和屠宰性能的影响，研究11～17周龄雌性雉鸡饲粮粗蛋白质适宜需要量。选取11周龄、初始体重为(539.43±11.97)g的健康雌性雉鸡200只，随机分为5组(每组5个重复，每个重复8只鸡)。采用单因素试验设计，各处理组饲粮粗蛋白质水平依次为15.00%、16.50%、18.00%、19.50%和21.00%,预饲期7 d,正式期49 d。结果表明：1)饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响雉鸡的平均日增重和料重比(P<0.05),且CP为15.00%组平均日增重显著低于其它4组(P<0.05),CP为15.00%组的料重比显著高于其它4组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮粗蛋白质水平对雉鸡食入氮、粪氮、沉积氮及氮利用率有显著影响(P<0.05)。CP为19.50%和21.00%组食入氮和粪氮含量显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),CP为15.00%和16.50%组沉积氮的含量显著低于其它3组(P<0.05),CP为15.00%组氮利用率显著低于18.00...     

商品雉鸡营养标准建议及其饲养效果观测

制订雉鸡不同饲养阶段的营养标准，并进行了饲养效果试验。结果表明：建议营养标准下的雉鸡15周龄体重达1.631kg，饲料报酬为3．199：1，饲养1只雉鸡可获毛利11．81元。建议营养标准和饲养方法适合于规模生产。     

乌骨鸡饲料氨基酸消化率及日粮蛋氨酸、赖氨酸营养需要的研究

试验研究了乌骨鸡对日粮中蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的营养需要和对日粮氨基酸的消化率。试验1采用单因子试验设计,研究0~12周龄乌骨鸡对日粮中蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的营养需要。结果表明,1)日粮中蛋氨酸水平:0~4周龄0.32%~0.52%,5~8周龄0.29%~0.49%,9~12周龄0.28%~0.48%;日粮中赖氨酸水平:0~4周龄0.90%~1.10%,5~8周龄0.77%~0.97%,9~12周龄0.76%~0.96%对乌骨鸡体质量、体增重、采食量和料重比均未产生显著影响。2)根据乌骨鸡生产性能和经济效益,建议各饲养阶段日粮真可消化蛋氨酸、赖氨酸营养水平为:0~4周龄蛋氨酸0.28%,赖氨酸0.81%;5~8周龄蛋氨酸0.25%,赖氨酸0.69%;9~12周龄蛋氨酸0.25%,赖氨酸0.69%。试验2选用成年乌骨公鸡进行代谢试验,测定了玉米、麸皮、豆粕、肉骨粉、菌糖蛋白等饲料氨基酸消化率,为乌骨鸡日粮的合理配制提供了科学依据。     

不同种雉鸡生长性能及肉品质的比较研究

为了检测雉鸡的生长性能及肉品质,以中华环颈雉、申鸿七彩雉、黑化雉鸡和白羽雉鸡为对象,对其进行生长性能、屠宰性能、常规肉质和体尺的测定并分析比较。结果表明:4种雉鸡生长曲线的变化规律基本相似,4种雉鸡之间18周龄体重差异均极显著(P0.01),公母雉鸡18周龄体重最大和料重比最小的为黑化雉鸡,其次是申鸿七彩雉。4种雉鸡的屠宰率和全净膛率均在90%和75%以上,说明肉用性能表现良好,其中中华环颈雉比其它雉鸡略好。体尺指标总体表现为体重越大的雉鸡,体尺各项指标相应都比较大,同一种的公雉鸡体尺指标大于母雉鸡。     

鳙鱼对10种蛋白质饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率

本试验旨在研究鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)对鱼粉(国产)、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、菜籽粕、米糠、豆粕、酶解羽毛粉、棉籽粕、小麦麸、玉米蛋白粉和花生粕中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能以及氨基酸的表观消化率。试验饲料按照基础饲料和待测饲料原料7∶3的比例构成,并添加0.5%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)作为外源指示剂。挑选初体重为(290.02±2.82)g的鳙鱼,随机分成11组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。随机选取1组作为对照组投喂基础饲料,剩余10组为试验组分别投喂试验饲料。投喂1周后通过虹吸法收集粪便。结果表明:1)10种饲料原料中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总能的表观消化率的范围分别为69.9%~85.7%、73.5%~88.3%、81.2%~91.1%和81.9%~86.3%。2)在10种饲料原料中,米糠总能的表观消化率最高,而鱼粉的干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率最高;酶解羽毛粉的干物质、粗脂肪和总能的表观消化率最低,玉米蛋白粉的粗蛋白质的表观消化率最低。3)各饲料原料氨基酸的表观消化率基本维持在65.59%~99.17%,且都以小麦麸较低。由此可见,鳙鱼对鱼粉具有很好的利用效果,其次是豆粕和花生粕,而酶解羽毛粉中粗蛋白质的表观消化率最低,小麦麸各氨基酸的表观消化率均比较低。     

Effects of concentration and composition of wet corn gluten feed in steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets

Two finishing experiments were conducted to determine the effects of concentration (Exp. 1) and composition of wet corn gluten feed (Exp. 2) in steam-flaked corn-based diets on feedlot steer performance. In Exp. 1, 192 English x Continental crossbred steer calves (299 +/- 0.6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (four pens per treatment). Treatments were six concentrations of wet corn gluten feed (Sweet Bran, Cargill Inc., Blair, NE; 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, and 35%) replacing steam-flaked corn (DM basis). All diets contained 10% corn silage, 5% supplement, and 3.5% tallow (DM basis). Gain efficiency and ADG were similar (P > 0.25) among treatments. Dry matter intake was lower (P < 0.10) with 0% wet corn gluten feed than with concentrations of 20, 25, and 35% WCGF. Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments containing wet corn gluten feed. In Exp. 2, 160 English x Continental crossbred steer calves (315 +/- 0.6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with five dietary treatments (four pens/treatment). Treatments were assigned based on four ratios of steep to corn bran/germ meal mix in wet corn gluten feed plus a negative control (CON). Wet corn gluten feed was fed at 25% of the dietary DM and was made by mixing steep and corn bran/germ meal into the diet. The four concentrations of steep in wet corn gluten feed that comprised the ratios were 37.5, 41.7, 45.8, and 50% (DM basis), with the remaining proportion being the bran/germ meal mix. Bran/germ meal mix was comprised of 60% dry corn bran, 24% germ meal, and 16% fine-cracked corn (DM basis). All diets contained 10% corn silage, 5% supplement, and 3.5% tallow (DM basis). Daily gain did not differ (P = 0.18) among treatments. Gain efficiency did not differ between CON and 50% steep; however, G:F was decreased (P < 0.05) for concentrations of 37.5, 41.7, and 45.8% steep compared with CON. A linear improvement (P < 0.05) was observed for G:F as concentration of steep increased as a proportion of wet corn gluten feed. These data suggest that wet corn gluten feed can be used at concentrations up to 35% of the dietary DM without adversely affecting performance, and that steep has more energy than bran/germ meal in steam-flaked corn-based diets.     

青鱼对8种饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率

本试验旨在研究青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)对国产鱼粉、蝇蛆粉、玉米蛋白粉、大豆粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和米糠8种饲料原料干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、总磷和总能的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测饲料原料组成,并以0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。选取平均体重为(60.17±1.28)g的青鱼270尾,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验组试验鱼分别饲喂1种试验饲料。饲喂1周后采用自排法收集粪便待测。结果表明:8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总磷、总能以及总氨基酸的表观消化率的范围分别是62.17%～86.47%、83.34%～95.84%、78.93%～100.06%、37.33%～81.99%、66.75%～89.86%、86.33%～96.58%。在8种饲料原料中,玉米蛋白粉的干物质、总磷和总能的表观消化率最高,而大豆粕的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总氨基酸的表观消化率最高;棉籽粕的干物质和总能的表观消化率最低,米糠的粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率最低。各饲料原料中总氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白质表观消化率的变化趋势一致,其中以蝇蛆粉最低。由此可见,大豆粕和玉米蛋白粉是青鱼的优质植物蛋白质源,可适量替代鱼粉;蝇蛆粉中粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率都较低,在青鱼饲料中的添加量不宜过高;花生粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕也是较好的植物性蛋白质源,在青鱼饲料中适量添加既有利于饲料的营养平衡,还可降低饲料成本;米糠作为青鱼的能量原料必须保持新鲜,并控制其在饲料中的用量。     

不同方法测定瘤胃非降解蛋白质小肠消化率及相关性分析

本试验分别采用移动尼龙袋法、改进三步体外法、原始三步体外法和酸性洗涤不溶氮(ADIN)估测法测定13种精料的瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)小肠消化率,并对移动尼龙袋法与其他方法的测定结果进行相关性分析,同时对常规营养成分和RUP小肠消化率作回归分析,旨在寻找替代移动尼龙袋法测定RUP小肠消化率更简单快速的方法.试验采用单因素试验设计,选取3头装有永久瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠T型瘘管的奶牛.结果表明:移动尼龙袋法测得的豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、葵花粕、芝麻粕、玉米胚芽粕、玉米、米糠、米糠粕、米糠饼、大麦、麦麸和玉米麸质饲料的RUP小肠消化率分别为98.13％、87.37％、88.47％、82.60％、85.73％、75.40％、93.23％、69.27％、77.83％、92.10％、91.27％、72.37％和79.03％.改进三步体外法测定结果与移动尼龙袋法测定结果的相关系数为0.8383;原始三步体外法测定结果与移动尼龙袋法测定结果的相关系数为0.7899;ADIN估测法预测结果与移动尼龙袋法测定结果无显著相关(P＞0.05);饲料RUP小肠消化率与饲料常规营养成分含量显著相关(P＜0.05).改进三步体外法比原始三步体外法替代移动尼龙袋法测定饲料RUP小肠消化率效果更好.应用体外法替代移动尼龙袋法测定蛋白质饲料RUP小肠消化率比测定能量饲料RUP小肠消化率效果更好.用饲料的常规营养成分含量可较好地预测RUP小肠消化率.     

Nutritional value of high fiber co-products from the copra,palm kernel,and rice industries in diets fed to pigs

High fiber co-products from the copra and palm kernel industries are by-products of the production of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. The co-products include copra meal, copra expellers, palm kernel meal, and palm kernel expellers. All 4 ingredients are very high in fiber and the energy value is relatively low when fed to pigs. The protein concentration is between 14 and 22 % and the protein has a low biological value and a very high Arg:Lys ratio. Digestibility of most amino acids is less than in soybean meal but close to that in corn. However, the digestibility of Lys is sometimes low due to Maillard reactions that are initiated due to overheating during drying.Copra and palm kernel ingredients contain 0.5 to 0.6 % P. Most of the P in palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers is bound to phytate, but in copra products less than one third of the P is bound to phytate. The digestibility of P is, therefore, greater in copra meal and copra expellers than in palm kernel ingredients. Inclusion of copra meal should be less than 15 % in diets fed to weanling pigs and less than 25 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs. Palm kernel meal may be included by 15 % in diets for weanling pigs and 25 % in diets for growing and finishing pigs.Rice bran contains the pericarp and aleurone layers of brown rice that is removed before polished rice is produced.Rice bran contains approximately 25 % neutral detergent fiber and 25 to 30 % starch. Rice bran has a greater concentration of P than most other plant ingredients, but 75 to 90 % of the P is bound in phytate. Inclusion of microbial phytase in the diets is, therefore, necessary if rice bran is used. Rice bran may contain 15 to 24 % fat, but it may also have been defatted in which case the fat concentration is less than 5 %. Concentrations of digestible energy(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) are slightly less in full fat rice bran than in corn, but defatted rice bran contains less than 75 % of the DE and ME in corn. The concentration of crude protein is 15 to 18 % in rice bran and the protein has a high biological value and most amino acids are well digested by pigs. Inclusion of rice bran in diets fed to pigs has yielded variable results and based on current research it is recommended that inclusion levels are less than 25 to 30 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs, and less than 20 % in diets for weanling pigs.However, there is a need for additional research to determine the inclusion rates that may be used for both full fat and defatted rice bran.     

Effects of Rice Bran Inclusion on Performance and Bone Mineralization in Broiler Chicks

Rice bran, a by-product of the rice industry, is available for animal feeds. However, it has not been a common part of poultry rations in Argentina. Hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity development, phytate content, enzyme inhibitor, and high fiber content are the most important antinutritive factors cited as limiting factors for its use. An experiment utilizing 1-d-old male broiler chicks was conducted to determine the responses of zootechnical and bone mineralization parameters to diets with different concentrations of rice bran. The feed conversion and tibia ash were more sensitive than weight gain to detect antinutritive factors in rice bran. High concentrations of rice bran (in excess of 20%) produced a significant reduction in body weight. Furthermore, feed conversion and bone mineralization variables were impaired by feeding 10% rice bran diets. The adverse effects of rice bran on weight gain, feed conversion, and mineralization in the current studies suggest that rice bran should be included in broiler diets at a level between 10 and 20% if strategies are not used to decrease the antinutritive activity.     

Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. IV. Effects of addition of fish meal and a microbial phytase to duckling diets on bird performance and amino acid digestibility

1. Ducklings were given diets with vegetable protein (VP) and 0 or 600 g rice bran/kg; fish meal (60 g/kg) and a phytase (+,-) were added to the diets (VP + AP). An additional 40 g soyabean meal/kg was added to the diet with rice bran (VP ++). Amino acid digestibility and mineral retention were measured in the lower ileum of ducklings killed at 23 d of age. Acid insoluble ash was used as an inert marker. Trypsin and amylase activities were also measured and weights of the pancreas and small intestine recorded at slaughter. 2. Addition of soyabean meal (VP ++) to the diet with rice bran improved growth rate and food intake compared to the diet without (VP) and gave the same food intake and growth rate as the comparable basal diet (VP) without rice bran. Fish meal improved growth rate on the diets without rice bran and improved food intake on this diet (VP + AP). Rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio (FCR); protein source affected growth rate, food intake and FCR; phytase increased food intake only. There were several interactions. 3. Determined total amino acid composition of the diets appeared to meet the essential amino acid requirements of ducklings. Rice bran depressed the ileal digestibility of virtually all amino acids and phytase had no direct effect, although there were interactions. Fish meal addition to diets with rice bran improved the apparent digestibility of several essential amino acids as well as that of dry matter and crude protein. 4. Ileal retention of some minerals and tibia ash content were reduced by rice bran. Fish meal and phytase inclusion increased P retention and ash in tibia. 5. Higher intestinal trypsin activity and increased pancreas size were seen in ducklings on diets with rice bran compared to those without. Intestinal amylase activity was reduced in ducklings given rice bran, probably because of its low starch content. 6. The stimulating effect of fish meal on duckling performance was probably caused in part by the improvement in the digestibility of some amino acids. The addition of small amounts of minerals in fish meal may have increased mineral retention. Phytase gave benefits anticipated from our previous work, but also improved lysine and threonine digestibility in diets containing vegetable protein only.     

Use of Digestible Amino Acids and the Concept of Ideal Protein in Feed Formulation for Broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate diet formulation based on digestible amino acids (DAA), the formulation of low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids, and L-Thr supplementation to increase the Thr:Lys ratio from 67:100 to 70:100. Two experiments were carried out with Hubbard male broilers from 3 to 6 wk of age. In experiment 1, corn-soybean meal diets containing 20% CP were used. In experiment 2, 20% CP diets were formulated with corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, feather meal, and meat meal. In both experiments, body weight gain and economic evaluations were better for broilers fed diets formulated on DAA. Carcass yields and carcass composition were not significantly affected by formulation procedures. In experiment 2, birds fed diets based on DAA had improved feed efficiency compared with those fed total amino acids (TAA). In experiment 1, a reduction of CP from 20 to 18.2% did not affect broiler performance. It did, however, result in fatter carcasses, lower percentages of breast meat, and lower economic evaluation. In both experiments, performance and economic evaluation were not affected by the Thr:Lys ratio. In experiment 1, however, abdominal fat and carcass fatness were reduced, and, in both experiments, carcass protein level was higher with a Thr:Lys ratio of 70:100 than with 67:100 ratio (P < 0.05).     

Influence of diet on assimilation and turnover of 13C in the tissues of broiler chickens

The 13C turnover rates of the liver and thoracic pectoral muscle of growing broilers were determined by feeding diets with varying 13C content. Male chicks (1-d-old) were subjected to treatments based on free choice of 5 different mixes of energy and protein sources from plants with C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways that had differing 13C content. Rice bran (R) and soybean meal (S) were the C3 sources, while maize (C) and maize gluten meal (G) were the C4 sources. Choices were R + S, C + G, R + G, C + S or R + C + G + S. The 6th treatment was a complete feed (CF) that was similar to a commercial broiler feed. The isotopic composition of the birds' tissues was representative of the isotopic composition of the diets. The assimilation was faster for C3, in both liver and muscle, than for C4 diets, and give the delta per mil difference between the diet and tissues. The liver is the most active metabolic tissue and gave more rapid isotope turnover than in muscle.     

基于仿生消化系统估测肉鸭饲料原料代谢能的研究

本试验旨在检验基于仿生消化系统估测肉鸭饲料原料代谢能(ME)的有效性。首先,通过仿生消化法测定玉米、高粱、豆粕、菜籽粕和小麦麸的鸡、鸭酶水解物能值(EHGE),计算鸭/鸡EHGE比值,并参考肉鸡饲料原料ME计算肉鸭ME。其次,选择21日龄番鸭2400只,随机分为8个组,每组6个重复,每个重复50只鸭。各组随机饲喂不同ME水平的试验饲粮。测定21~50日龄、51~75日龄、21~75日龄肉鸭的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比,将肉鸭各阶段的料重比与饲粮ME进行回归分析。结果表明:1)玉米的鸭/鸡EHGE比值为1.06,高粱、饼粕类和麸皮的鸭/鸡EHGE比值为1.14~1.21。2)饲粮ME水平对肉鸭各阶段的平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但对料重比和平均日采食量存在极显著影响(P<0.01)。3)肉鸭各阶段料重比对鸭ME回归方程的相关系数(R^2)均高于其对鸡ME回归方程的R^2。由此可见,应用鸭ME估测数据配制肉鸭饲粮较恰当,采用仿生消化法建立肉鸭饲料原料ME数据库是可行的。