安阳市城郊生态防护林体系的调查分析

通过对安阳市城郊防护林建设的现状分析,提出对现阶段防护林建设的对策;结合生态环境条件,对安阳市城郊生态防护林体系的建设前瞻性和概念性规划进行探讨,为安阳市城郊生态防护林体系的建设和管理提供了理论支持和技术指导。     

沿海防护林体系建设对海岛生态环境影响研究

沿海防护林体系对海岛生态环境建设有着重大的现实意义和长远的战略意义。通过对台州市域所辖海岛生态环境建设的研究，将沿海防护林体系建设与海岛生态景观建设结合起来，通过营建海岛岩质海岸生态景观型防护林、泥质海岸生态经济型防护林、保护与恢复海岛生物多样性和发展海岛生态旅游产业等途径来完善沿海防护林体系的建设。     

对三北防护林体系工程灌木林发展的思考

为进一步实现三北防护林体系工程建设的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益与防护效益等多种建设目标,本文从灌木林在三北防护林体系工程中的重要作用、发展现状以及发展思路三个方面就灌木林的发展问题做了分析,旨在建设起灌乔草有机结合的林业工程体系。     

天津城市防护林树种选择与群落配置

通过对天津市防护林建设现状的调查，分析其植物的种类和配置方式，总结出天津市防护林建设中常用的园林绿化树种、防护林结构特点等，提出天津市防护林建设过程中存在的问题，并就树种选择和植物配置给出建议。     

沿海基干林带景观生态改造模式探讨——以苍南县168黄金海岸线霞关段为例

应用景观生态设计理念，以构筑功能强大、健康稳定、景观优美的沿海防护林体系为目标，把加强沿海基干林带建设做为重点，在优先保护的前提下，通过营造景观节点、建设特色示范林、人工造林、补植改造和森林抚育等5类工程措施，改善苍南168海岸线林分结构，提高森林质量，美化森林景观，形成兼具景观效益和生态效益的沿海防护林体系，以期为沿海地区防护林的生态修复和景观价值提升提供参考。     

连江县沿海防护林造林树种选择与应用探究

沿海防护林是我国生态建设的重要内容,是海啸和风暴潮等自然灾害防御体系的重要组成部分,它在风沙防护等起着重要作用。加强沿海防护林体系建设是促进经济社会可持续发展的客观要求,是沿海地区率先实现林业现代化的重要载体。由于不同地方的防护林树种各不相同,在护林造林的过程中要从土壤类型、海拔、土层厚度、坡向以及坡度等来确定护林造林树种的选择。选择对的合适的树种可以起到事半功倍的作用,在防护上也能更加发挥优势。     

全国长江流域等防护林体系工程建设现场会召开

8月29日至30日,全国长江流域等防护林体系工程建设现场会在湖北省洪湖召开。国家林业局副局长张永利对长江流域、珠江流域防护林体系,太行山、平原绿化三期工程重点工作进行了安排部署,要求努力构建多元化、多层次,结构稳定、功能完善的综合防护林体系,为长     

如东沿海造林优良树种的选择与应用

如东县位于江苏东南沿海，是沿海防护林体系建设的重点县。滩涂面积大，土壤含盐量高，平时海风较大，生态环境脆弱。针对此特定地理位置，在考虑造林树种选择原则的基础上，研究和选择沿海地区生长的优良造林树种，营造较耐盐的沿海防护林和农田防护林林带，改善沿海地区的农业生产条件至关重要。     

农田防护林营造技术

《全国高标准农田建设总体规划(2011~2020年)》提出到2020年规划建设8亿亩高标准农田,高标农田建设坚持山、水、田、林、路综合治理。本文就高标农田建设中防护林营造方面提出,在防林林营造中,应从林带建设、树种选择、树种配置模式等几个方面入手,保证防护林建设能够更加科学化、合理性最终保证防护林发挥防护效益,为农业稳产、高产提供保障。     

朝阳县林地资源现状及存在的主要问题

朝阳县位于科尔沁沙地南缘,是辽宁省辽西北边界防护林体系工程建设的重要区域,具有极为重要的生态地位。该文全面总结了朝阳县林地资源现状,科学分析了林业发展中存在的主要问题。     

森林群落发育阶段及其效益分析——以河北省木兰林场和塞罕坝机械林场为例

为揭示森林生态、经济和社会效益的发生、发展规律,为森林经营和资源管理提供依据,根据森林群落发育和演替理论并结合木兰林场塞罕坝机械林场经营实践,对森林群落的发育阶段及森林三大效益进行了分析,提出了稳定成熟森林群落的形成可分为森林群落形成阶段、森林群落发展阶段和森林群落稳定成熟阶段。阐述了森林群落不同阶段的基本特点和群落结构的基本特征。在此基础上分析了从森林群落形成阶段到发展为稳定成熟森林群落进程中,森林三大效益产生和发展的一般规律以及它们之间的相互关系,即森林三大效益不是平行关系而是相互区别、相互联系、相互伴生的关系,它们的产生是一个从无到有、由少到多、由小到大的发展进程,特别是生态效益和社会效益,从维度上讲还是一个从单一向复杂,从单维度向多维度的发展进程,并随森林群落林龄增长而逐渐增多增强。     

新时期森林经理学科的发展与改革简

论述我国森林经理的发展历程，探讨新时期森林经理学科在林业可持续发展中的作用，分析现阶段森林经理发展中存在的问题，提出重振森林经理学科、促进森林科学经营的若干改革建议。     

国内外森林康养发展历程及我国森林康养发展建议

森林是地球之肺,良好的森林覆盖能有效地调节气候、维持生态平衡。随着社会发展、生活水平的提高,人们对健康生活和精神生活的需求不断提高,而符合社会发展、绿色健康理念的森林康养产业越来越被现代人接受。森林康养是以森林可持续发展为基础,以提升人们的健康为主题,以养生休闲、医疗、康体服务为依托的产业深度融合的现代服务业模式。本文通过对森林康养的发展历史的研究,从森林康养的兴起、发展进程、创新等方面进行多方面、多角度分析,旨在为我国森林康养产业的发展提供理论指导和借鉴。     

浅谈林木病害防治做法

凤岗县是重点的天然林深护区,森林覆盖率达57%,因此在保护利用森林方面取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益,随着经济林木的日益扩大和发展,特别是林木病虫害防治是抓好林业产业化发展的关键所在,所以,凤岗县林业发展及病虫害预防工作,主要围绕认真贯彻执行《植物检疫条例》和《森林病虫害防治条例》,严格执行苗木"两证一签"制度,全面开展检疫、监测和防治工作,并产生了良好的社会和经济效应,本人以从事林木防治工作多年的实践谈谈以下几点:     

Forest conservation and land development in Puerto Rico

In the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, rapid land-use changes over the past century have included recent land-cover conversion to urban/built-up lands. Observations of this land development adjacent to reserves or replacing dense forest call into question how the changes relate to forests or reserved lands. Using existing maps, this study first summarizes island-wide land-cover change between 1977-78 and 1991-92. Then, using binomial logit modeling, it seeks evidence that simple forest cover attributes, reserve locations, or existing land cover influence land development locations. Finally, this study quantifies land development, reserve protection and forest cover by ecological zone. Results indicate that 1) pasture is more likely to undergo land development than shrubland plus forest with low canopy density, 2) forest condition and conservation status appear unimportant in that development locations neither distinguish between classes of forest canopy development nor relate to forest patch size or reserve proximity, and 3) most land development occurs in the least-protected ecological zones. Outside the boundaries of strictly protected forest and other reserves, accessibility, proximity to existing urban areas, and perhaps desirable natural settings, serve to increase land development. Over the coming century, opportunities to address ecological zone gaps in the islands forest reserve system could be lost more rapidly in lowland ecological zones, which are relatively unprotected.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Impact of agricultural landscape structure on energy flow and water cycling

In long term studies the following climatological characteristics were measured or calculated: air and soil temperature, sunshine, wind speed, vapor pressure, saturation deficit, precipitation, humidity, incoming and reflected solar energy, energy emitted by active surfaces and primary production. Taking into account the relationships between climatological characteristics, the growth stages of vegetation, and relations between heat balance components, the fluxes of energy used for evapotranspiration, air, and soil heating were estimated in various ecosystems composing the agricultural landscape. The energy contained in biomass production of various crops was estimated also. Aggregate estimates of energy flow connected with evapotranspiration, and soil and air heating were calculated for eight model landscapes which differed by the plant cover structure. A higher variability of energy fluxes was observed for individual ecosystems than for agricultural land-scapes. It was shown that the structure of the plant cover has an important bearing on energy flow and water cycling both by direct and indirect influences. Shelterbelts are especially important in their influence on energy flow and water cycling.Studies carried out within the project CPBP.04.10.03.     

Seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen availability and phosphorus fractions under urban forest remnants of different vegetation communities in Southern China

Urban forest remnants are a useful tool to study forest response to global change with urbanization. Soil nutrient status in urban forests has not been well understood, especially under the pressure of rapid urbanization in developing countries. In this study, ion-exchange resin bags and a modified Hedley P fractionation procedure were used to measure seasonal dynamics of soil N forms (ammonium and nitrate) and P fractions (available, labile, slow, occlude and weathered mineral P) under urban forest remnants across a successional sequence and non-forest land in the city of Nanchang, Southern China. Results showed that soil N availability varied with season and vegetation community (P < 0.05). Soil P fractions showed minimal seasonal variation except available P, while their averages generally increased with forest development from non-forest land to coniferous forest to conifer-broadleaf mixed forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest. The ratios of fresh soil N forms to P fractions generally decreased with forest development, while N forms absorbed by resins to P fractions generally increased from non-forest land to coniferous forest, then decreased from conifer-broadleaf mixed forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest. It is suggested that urban older forest remnants could easily move to N saturation status and soil P enrichment, causing urban water pollution due to the accumulative effect of elevated atmospheric N deposition and exogenous P input with urbanization.     

国家森林公园建设发展情况及其空间格局

为探索国家森林公园建设发展情况并揭示其空间分布规律,本研究采用知识图谱及GIS空间技术对我国国家森林公园的研究进展和空间格局进行了可视化的探索分析.结果 显示:(1)国家森林公园、生态旅游、森林旅游、风景园林、生物多样性、自然保护区、评价、群落结构等是我国森林公园的历史研究热点领域.(2)我国国家森林公园总体呈现东密西疏的空间格局,东北区域及西南区域公园分布较为集中,青海及西藏地区相反.(3)1992-2017年期间国家森林公园的面积得到了更为显著的提升,黑龙江、西藏、新疆、内蒙古4省贡献的面积较多,天津、上海、宁夏、海南4省市对全国国家森林公园建设面积的贡献较小.西部地区国家森林公园的数量有待提升,宁夏、海南2省的国家森林公园总面积有较大理论拓展空间,未来可以加强国家森林公园动态监测评价、森林公园管理制度保障、森林公园建设成效评价、智慧森林公园等方面的研究,以此来推动全国森林公园的全面健康发展.     

Development of urban forest policy-making toward governance in the Republic of Korea

This research attempts to analyze the emergence and development of urban forest policies at the national and local levels in the Republic of Korea. The Policy Arrangement Approach (PAA) is applied as an analytical frame to analyze changes in the urban forest policies of the central and local governments. The PAA offers four dimensions that can be used to describe and analyze the policy process: actors, power, rules of the game and discourse. The research findings indicate that a discourse on sustainable development in which the social functions of forests are taken into account substantially contributed to the creation of urban forest policies. This discourse contributed to the activities of actors and their power relationships and to the introduction of new rules relating to Korean urban forest management. In addition to public actors, private actors have also participated in creating and managing urban forests. Various partnerships among actors were formed for urban forest management. Civil society exercised its power to design and manage urban forests through increased voluntary participation. The legislation relating to urban forests functioned as a framework for urban forest policies at the national and local levels. Agreements acted as new rules governing the relationships among the actors who were involved in urban forest management. In conclusion, the four dimensions of policy arrangements relating to urban forest policy, and the interconnections among these dimensions, elucidate the emergence and dynamic development of urban forest management in the direction of governance at the national and local level in the Republic of Korea. In particular, discourse about forests was a substantive dimension of policy arrangements, and it influenced changes in the identity of the participating actors and their power. The discourse contributed to the establishment and development of rules for urban forest management. Thus this research provides strong evidence that the PAA helps understand dynamic changes of urban forest policy-making toward governance.     

Designating a greenbelt around the city of Riga, Latvia

Latvian legislation demands that forest protection belts are established around all cities and towns. The main goal of a protection belt is to provide suitable opportunities for recreation to urban dwellers and to minimise any negative impacts caused by urban areas on the surrounding environment. Legislation states the main principles to be adopted, which include the maximum area of protection belts, their integration in territorial development plans and restrictions placed on forest management activities. The largest part of the forest area around Riga is owned by the municipality of Riga, which, as a result, has two competing interests: to satisfy the recreational needs of the inhabitants of Riga, and to maximise the income from its property. In order to compile sufficient background information to solve this problem, the Board of Forests of Riga Municipality initiated the preparation of a proposal for the designation of a new protection belt.The proposal was based on the development and application of a theoretical framework developed during the 1980s. The analysis of the recreational value of the forest (5 classes of attractiveness) was carried out based on categories of forest type, dominant tree species, dominant age, stand density, distance from urban areas and the presence of attractive objects. Information was derived from forest inventory databases, digital forest maps and topographic maps. Additional information was digitised and processed using ArcView GIS 3.2. Local foresters were asked about the recreation factors unique to different locations, such as the number of visitors and the main recreation activities. From a recreational point of view and taking into account legal restrictions and development plans for the Riga region, it was proposed to create three types of zones in the forest: a protection belt, visually sensitive areas and non-restricted areas.