破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：将小鼠随机分为低、中、高剂量组及阴性对照组，分别灌胃给予破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉0.17 g/（kg BW）、0.33 g/（kg BW）、1.00 g/（kg BW）。4周后进行小鼠迟发型变态反应试验、脾淋巴细胞转化试验、血清溶血素测定、脾淋巴细胞抗体生成试验、碳廓清试验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、NK(natural killer)细胞活性测定等。结果：破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉可增强小鼠迟发型变态反应，提高血清溶血素半数溶血值及碳廓清吞噬指数。结论：破壁灵芝孢子铁皮石斛粉可显著增强细胞免疫功能及单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能，具有良好的免疫调节作用。     

灵芝多糖提取物胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

通过设3个浓度的药物组和空白对照组,分别进行脏器指数测定,ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验,绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH试验,小鼠血清溶血素测定,抗体生成细胞检测,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验,小鼠碳廓清试验,NK细胞活性测定试验。结果表明,灵芝多糖提取物胶囊能增加ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力和小鼠左后足跖部厚度差24 h测量值,提高小鼠血清溶血素抗体积数和溶血空斑数。表明灵芝多糖提取物胶囊具有较强的免疫调节作用。     

菌草灵芝孢子粉增强免疫调节作用研究

120只SPF级昆明种雌性小鼠平均分成3组，菌草灵芝孢子粉分三个剂量组给小鼠灌胃，共30d。测定小鼠的体重、免疫器官脏器／体重比值、迟发型变态反应（DTH）、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化能力、抗体生成细胞数、半数溶血值（HC50）、单核一巨噬细胞碳廓清、巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬率指标。结果：0．150g／kg．bw剂量能提高小鼠的半数溶血值（P〈0．05）；0．450g／kg．bw剂量能提高小鼠迟发型变态反应（DTH）能力、ConA诱导的淋巴细胞转化能力、增加抗体生成细胞数（P〈0．05）；菌草灵芝孢子粉对小鼠体重增长、胸噱体重比值、脾脏体重比值、单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清能力、小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力均无明显影响（P〉0．05）。     

灵芝破壁孢子粉对小鼠运动恢复功能的影响

为了研究灵芝破壁孢子粉对小鼠运动恢复功能的影响,选择120只SPF级健康雄性小鼠作为研究对象划分成对照组、小剂量组和大剂量组,通过无负重游泳进行训练,在小剂量组中添加约0.1 g灵芝破壁孢子粉,在大剂量组中添加约0.4 g灵芝破壁孢子粉。研究灵芝破壁孢子粉对小鼠免疫器官脏器指数、迟发型变态反应、血清溶血素水平、NK细胞活性的影响、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力的影响。结果表明,服用灵芝破壁孢子粉后,小鼠免疫器官脏器指数和NK细胞活性无显著变化,可延缓迟发型变态反应,血清溶血素水平、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力以及碳廓清能力提高。发现灵芝破壁孢子粉在整体上有助于改善小鼠免疫力指标,而且有利于小鼠身体运动功能的恢复。     

破壁灵芝孢子粉对小鼠免疫功能影响的初步研究

本文主要介绍了灵芝（Ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｍａ Ｌｕｃｉｄｕｍ）孢子粉经坡壁后对小鼠免疫功能影响的试验。二硝基氯苯诱导小鼠迟发怀超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）和血清溶血素测定试验表明，破壁灵芝孢子粉３３３．３～１００ｍｇ／Ｋｇ可增强ＤＮＦＢ，引起小鼠迟发性超敏反应和增强小鼠血清溶血素反应的作用，但相同剂量下碳廊清试验中，破壁灵芝孢子粉增强小鼠单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能不显著。     

灵芝干膏和灵芝孢子粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

灵芝干膏、破壁和未破壁灵芝孢子粉对小鼠脾重／体重比值无显著影响;可显著提高淋巴细胞转化率,但三者的药效在统计学上无显著差异;这三种药物成分可显著增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性,灵芝干膏增强ACP酶活性维持的时间较长,灵芝孢子粉则在一定时间范围内酶活较高,破壁率越高,所需剂量越小,达到最高酶活所需时间越短。     

灵芝孢子粉破壁前后对小鼠免疫功能影响试验

本文选用二硝基氟苯诱导的迟发性变态反应和血肖溶血素反应，比较了灵芝孢子粉破壁前后对小鼠免疫功能的影响的差异，结果表明，灵芝孢子粉破壁后与破壁前在所选的两项指标上对小鼠的影响存在显著差异，破壁后灵芝孢子粉对小鼠免疫功能的作用更大。     

破壁灵芝孢子粉的制备及免疫活性研究

通过比较不同的破壁技术对灵芝孢子破壁率及有效成分溶出的影响,以期建立灵芝孢子的高效破壁工艺,并考察破壁灵芝孢子粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,采用超微粉碎破壁法,破壁时间30 min,破壁率达到96.97%,总三萜和总多糖的溶出量分别为34.16 mg/g和33.88 mg/g,比对照分别提高了160.2%和390.0%。此外,与未破壁灵芝孢子粉比较,破壁灵芝孢子粉的免疫活性显著增强,显著减轻小鼠脾脏的损伤,延缓迟发型变态反应,增加单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能和血清溶血素的含量。     

灵芝干膏和灵芝孢子粉对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶活性的影响

采用4-氨基安替比林法检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性。结果表明,灵芝干膏与灵芝孢子粉均可显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞ACP酶活性;一定剂量范围内,灵芝干膏与灵芝孢子粉对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞ACP酶活性的影响无明显差异;灵芝孢子粉破壁率越高。达到最高酶活性所需时间越短,剂量越小;连续服用灵芝干膏可使ACP酶活性始终保持较高水平,而灵芝孢子粉仅在一定时间范围内使ACP酶活性保持一定水平。     

灵芝 孢子合剂的安全性毒理学及保健功能评价

灵芝孢子合剂的主要成分为原木灵芝破壁孢子粉和原木灵芝浸膏粉 ,本研究对其安全性毒理学及保健功能进行评价。结果表明 ,灵芝孢子合剂对两种性别昆明种小鼠口投LD50 均大于 10 g/kg体重 ,且无任何病变、致突变作用 ,对SD大白鼠生长发育无不良影响 ,属实际无毒物。口饲不同剂量 (3g、1g、0 .33g/kg)的孢子合剂 ,昆明种小鼠S - 180和H - 2 2瘤重均显著低于对照组 ,高剂量组抑瘤率分别为 34.8%～ 39.7%和 32 .5%～ 37.7% ;而BALB/C小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率及脾脏自然杀伤细胞活性均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5)。本研究认为灵芝孢子合剂口服安全且无毒副作用 ,具有抑制肿瘤和免疫调节作用 ,符合保健食品的要求     

灵芝肽多糖生物活性初探

从人工培养的灵芝菌丝体中分离纯化得到灵芝肽多糖(简称GPP)。经测定,GPP分子量为140000,单糖组成为木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸。GPP分子中含蛋氨酸、赖氨酸等13种氨基酸。动物实验表明,GPP能显著提高小鼠腹腔吞噬细胞的吞噬能力,增强体液免疫和红细胞免疫功能,并能提高红细胞中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性。     

破壁处理对灵芝孢子粉质量的影响

对机械法破壁前后灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)孢子粉中粗脂肪、粗多糖、三萜、微量元素铬以及氧化程度(酸值、过氧化值和羰基值)的变化进行了比较.结果表明,破壁处理有利于灵芝孢子粉中三萜、粗多糖、粗脂肪等成分的溶出,增加了人体对上述物质吸收和利用的可能性,但破壁后微量元素铬的含量及代表油脂酸败程度的过氧化值和羰基值亦明显升高.     

灵芝孢子对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制效果研究

应用3种肿瘤细胞模型对未破壁灵芝孢子、机械破壁灵芝孢子和全灵芝剥壁孢子进行抗肿瘤试验研究。结果表明,未破壁及不同破壁方式的灵芝孢子对人恶性乳腺癌细胞(MT-1)、人恶性淋巴癌细胞株(Jurkat)、人恶性脑肿瘤细胞(U343)均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制效果强弱为全灵芝剥壁孢子机械破壁灵芝孢子未破壁灵芝孢子,表明破壁的确能提高灵芝孢子对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,而且选择破壁的方法也很重要,生物酶法破壁能使灵芝孢子的生物活性成分得到充分释放,所以大大提高灵芝孢子的功效。     

Effects of ganoderma spores on apelin expression in rats with myocardial ischemia injury induced by isoproterenol

AIM: To investigate the changes of apelin in blood and myocardium, and the protective mechanisms of ganoderma spores on myocardial ischemia injury induced by isoproterenol in rats. METHODS: The model of myocardial ischemia injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of high dose isoproterenol. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the apelin contents in blood and myocardium. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the apelin mRNA level in myocardium. Electron microscope was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of myocardium. Ganoderma spores was administered i.g. for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the apelin contents in blood and myocardium and the apelin mRNA level in myocardium were significantly decreased in the model group (P＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the apelin contents in blood and myocardium and the apelin mRNA level in myocardium were obviously elevated in the ganoderma spores groups (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the NO contents in blood and myocardium were also obviously elevated. The pathological damage of myocardium was obviously relieved. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the protective mechanisms of ganoderma spores on myocardial ischemia injury may be related to the elevation of apelin contents and the mRNA level.     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores on cytochrome C,mitochondrial Ca2+, HSP70 and BDNF in brain of epilepsy rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC), cytochrome C, heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), mitochondrial Ca²⁺ and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the brain tissues of epilepsy rats.METHODS: The rat chronic epilepsy model was by intraperitoneal injection of pentetrazole(PTZ) at a subconvulsant dose (32 mg/kg).Flame atomic absorption method was used to detect the content of mitochondrial Ca²⁺,and spectrophotometer colorimetry was used to measure SOD activity,MDA content,T-AOC and cytochrome C levels in rat brain tissues. HSP70 and BDNF were determined by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: The contents of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ and cytochrome C were higher, and the content of intracytoplasmic cytochrome C in the rat brain tissues was obviously lower in Ganoderma lucidum spores group than that in epileptic model group. Compared to epileptic model group, the activity of SOD and T-AOC in cytoplasm of the rat brain tissues decreased while MDA increased, and the numbers of BDNF-positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in Ganoderma lucidum spores group. The positive neuron population of HSP70 in hippocampus, basal nucleus and cortex was significantly higher in Ganoderma lucidum spores group than that in epilepsy model group.CONCLUSION: Ganoderma lucidum spores attenuate the impairment of neuronal mitochondria induced by seizure, and accelerate the expression of BDNF, resulting in restoring the energy metabolism in mitochondrion, thus alleviating the impairment and apoptosis of the brain tissues.     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells in the brain from epileptic rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and apoptosis of nerve cells in rats with epilepsy established by pentetrazole. METHODS: The sub-eclampsia dosage of pentetrazole (PTZ) was used to make epilepsy model. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was given from stomach. The enduring time and latent period were recorded. The immune reactivity of IGF-1, NF-κB/P65 and apoptosis of nerve cells were measured with immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL method. RESULTS: In high power sight (×400), there were much more apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of model group (18.80±2.13, 16.87±2.00) than those in control group (0.97±0.52, 0.58±0.25). The expressions of IGF-1, NF-κB in model group were higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the latent period of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group at the 17th, 21th, 25th days were longer (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively).There were less apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group (12.30±2.46, 10.48±1.33) than those in model group. The expression of NF-κB/P65 in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was lower than that in model group, but the immune reactivity of IGF-1 increased more distinctly in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group than that in model group. CONCLUSION: IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells may have play a role in occurrence and development of PTZ-induced epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder can suppress expression of NF-κB strongly, and facilitate the immune reactivity of IGF-1, which may be one of the mechanisms by which Ganoderma lucidum spores powder restrains the apoptosis of nerve cells caused by epilepsy to prevent the damages of nerve cells.     

美味破壁灵芝孢子粉饮料的研制

破壁灵芝孢子粉已被大量的研究证实易于被人体吸收,在免疫调节等方面功效显著。但存在口感较差．不方便日常服用,部分人群出现便秘副作用的问题。本研究按照兼顾灵芝孢子粉推荐服用量和大众乐于接受的口味为原则,研究设计主要原料的配比,添加缓解便秘的天然食材为辅料,经口味和便秘情况的人群调查试验筛选出合理的配方．并试验改进增香、过滤和灭菌等工艺技术,减少活性成分和风味成分的加工损失,增加香味成分的释出。参照饮料的相关质量标准和灵芝孢子粉的推荐服用量,成功研制出2种1：7味且功效俱佳的灵芝孢子粉饮料     

灵芝粗多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

研究灵芝粗多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。灌胃5周后,剂量组与糖尿病模型对照组的血糖,有显著性差异（p〈O．01）,高剂量组与低剂量组的血糖水平,组间差异显著（p〈0．01）;剂量组小鼠的血清胰岛素值与糖尿病模型对照组比较,显著降低。灵芝粗多糖能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖,并呈现一定的剂量依赖关系,但其降血糖机理不是刺激胰岛素的分泌。