落叶松毛虫发生量的预测及综合防治措施研究

本文介绍了松毛虫生物学特性,总结了松毛虫种群数量消长规律,分析了气象等环境因子对松毛虫种群数量的影响,从而对落叶松毛虫发生做出准确的预测。根据预测情况进行有效综合防治,收到良好效果。     

赤松毛虫种群数量动态的研究—种群世代内数量动态

对燕山东部浅山区赤松毛虫世代内种群数量动态规律进行了调查，分析了各虫期死亡原因及死亡率的变异程度，并对影响种群世代内总死亡率高低的关键虫期和关键因子进行了分析，建立了赤松毛虫世代内种群数量动态模拟模型。对于进行世代内赤松毛虫种群数量动态预测，油松受害程度估测具有一定意义。     

气象因子对马尾松毛虫发生面积的影响

对广东省多年的马尾松毛虫林间发生面积和气候因子进行主成分分析和逐步回归分析，研究气象因子对马尾松毛虫种群的影响，模拟广东省马尾松毛虫发生规律方程。分析结果表明：在年气象因子中，主成分因子是年总降雨量，但其与马尾松毛虫年发生面积的相关性不显著；在月份气象因子中，3月的月均温度、4月和6月的月均湿度、7月的月均温度和月总降雨量、10月的月均温度和月总目照时数与马尾松毛虫发生面积具有显著的相关关系。     

性信息素在赤松毛虫监测预警中的应用

阜新赤松毛虫在松毛虫种群数量中占松毛虫总数的99%以上,是以赤松毛虫为预测对象的地区。我们在2002～2006年,应用性信息素对赤松毛虫做了有效诱距测定、诱芯时效测定、诱捕器最佳悬挂高度、诱捕量与下一代幼虫发生量及林分因子对映关系;并应用GPS定位方法开展赤松毛虫性信息素预测预报的研究。     

思茅林区松毛虫害发生与气象因子的关系

对1961年以来思茅林区松毛虫大暴发的过程进行了周期性分析，认为松毛虫的大暴发存在一定的周期性规律。利用气温、降雨量、积温、相对湿度、日照时数等气象要素和3种气候因子复合经验系数对1980至2001年思茅地区松毛虫发生情况进行了相关分析，发现松毛虫发生发展与气象因子关系密切；通过对1980年以来3次松毛虫大暴发的过程与气象因子关系的细致分析，得到了松毛虫大暴发前的气象因子的异常规律，分析结论有助于对松毛虫害发生的预测和防治。     

赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态的研究

根据目前松毛虫发生和防治状况，对燕山东部浅山区中常灾化学农药喷雾防治区，常灾毒环防治区和偶灾区内的赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态规律进行了研究和分析，分别建立了人为干预情况下赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态模型。对于进行赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态预测和分析人为干预效果（防治效果）有一定应用价值。     

应用灰色预测校正模型预测赤松毛虫种群数量

本文探讨了灰色动态模型［ＧＭ（１，１）模型］和灰色预测校正模型在赤松毛虫种群数量动态预测中的应用，预测结果表明，灰色预测校正模型更适合于害虫种群数量动态的预测。     

不同治理区文山松毛虫自然种群生命表比较

文山松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus wenshanensis Tsai et Liu在云南省是危害较为严重的害虫之一,文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒(Dendrolimus punctatus wenshanensis Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus,Dpw CPV)制剂的应用为控制文山松毛虫的危害发挥了积极的作用。利用生命表技术来研究Dpw CPV施用区和化学药剂施用区文山松毛虫自然种群动态和发展趋势,结果显示:寄生是文山松毛虫蛹期的第一致死因子,捕食是其它发育阶段第一致死因子;在Dpw CPV施用区,文山松毛虫除卵期外的其他发育阶段,病毒是排在首位的微生物致死因子,云南松Pinus yunanesis林内的文山松毛虫种群趋势指数为0.61,预测下一代的种群呈下降趋势;在化学药剂施用区,文山松毛虫不同发育阶段的微生物致死因子各不相同,云南松林内的文山松毛虫种群趋势指数为1.82,预测下一代的种群呈上升趋势。研究结果为准确预测文山松毛虫种群变动规律,揭示Dpw CPV持续控制文山松毛虫危害的机制提供了科学数据支持。     

影响松毛虫赤眼蜂种群消长因子研究

１９８６－１９９０年的研究得知：松毛虫赤眼蜂在浙江于３月下旬开始活动，１０月上旬至１１月陆续以蛹在马尾松毛虫、云南松毛虫等虫卵中越冬在林中常年都可见到该蜂的活动，其种群数量出现的高峰期与松毛虫卵期相一致，林中昆虫卵的多少、蜜源植物的有无、温度的高低、是影响松毛虫赤眼蜂林间种群消长的主要因子。     

云南松毛虫发生与气象因子关系的分析

对1983年以来丽水山区云南松毛虫大暴发进行了周期性分析,认为云南松毛虫的大暴发存在一定的周期性规律,利用平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、雨日、雨量、日照时数等气象要素对1983—2006年丽水山区云南松毛虫发生情况进行了相关分析,发现云南松毛虫发生发展与气象因子关系密切;通过1983年以来2次云南松毛虫大暴发的过程与气象因子关系的细致分析,得到了云南松毛虫大暴发前气象因子的异常规律,分析结论有助于对云南松毛虫的预测和防治。     

Life History Process and Conservation of Korean Pine Populations in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast ChinaThis research was supported by the UNDP Project CPR/96/109

分析了中国东北小兴安岭林区红松种群的生活史过程及其影响因素,对红松生活史的４个阶段进行了分析,并讨论了其进化和保护对策．红松的传粉和受精主要受天气条件的影响．林冠下的光照是控制红松幼苗生长和存活的主要因素．红松种子生产的周期性波动会引起有关动物种群的相应变化．动物是阔叶红松林生态系统中不可缺少的组成成分,松鼠在红松种群的天然更新中起着非常重要的作用．了解森林生态系统中物种的协同进化关系对于我们保护森林生物多样性和生态系统的完整性有着重要的意义．在红松的保护中,我们不仅要保护树木本身,而且还应当保护与红松相关的动物、生境乃至整个生态系统．     

Revisiting the relationship between common weather variables and loblolly–shortleaf pine seed crops in natural stands

Seed production was monitored during24 years using seed-collection traps inloblolly–shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.–P.echinata Mill.) stands located in southeast Arkansas,north-central Louisiana, and southwest Mississippi onthe southeastern Coastal Plain, USA. Sound seedproduction was correlated with mean monthlyprecipitation and temperature from National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration weather stationslocated near the seed-collection areas to determinethe potential of weather factors in forecasting pineseed crops. Correlations were restricted to threecritical periods in the pine reproductive cycle –strobili primordia differentiation, pollination, andfertilization. The most important (P 0.05)variables correlated with pine seed production for combined locations were cumulative precipitation (r = +0.60) during July, August, and September at 27 to 25 months before seed dispersal and mean temperature (r = –0.45) in August at 26 months before seed dispersal. Because multiple environmental factors can negatively impact pine seed development during the two yearsfollowing strobili primordia differentiation,seed-production forecasts based on weather variablesshould be verified by on-site cone counts during thesummer preceding autumn seed dispersal.     

Water Relations in Sierra Nevada Mixed Conifer: Wildfire Effects and Species Distinctions

An investigation of wildfire effects on water relations of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) along with species comparisons of the water relations of unburned specimens of this pine to those of unburned white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.) were conducted in a mixed conifer stand located in the Lake Tahoe Basin. Xylem water potentials were significantly lower in burned than in the unburned Jeffrey pine as measured in predawn, midday, and evening periods distributed over more than two postfire growing seasons, while soil water potentials were lower in burned than in unburned stand portions during the drier parts of the growing season, but the reverse proved true during the wetter part. Diurnal fluctuation in bole diameter, a measure of stored water recharge capacity, was largely unaffected by wildfire, however. Xylem water potentials were consistently lower in unburned white fir than in unburned Jeffrey pine and DBH fluctuation was often lower in the fir than in the pine as well, but soil water potentials associated with unburned subject trees did not differ significantly between the two species. Demonstrated here are ecophysiological alterations that occur in Sierra Nevada mixed conifer due to wildfire and shifting species composition.     

不同密度樟子松人工林土壤水分变化规律

通过对新江实验林场不同密度、不同年龄阶段的樟子松人工林土壤水分进行测定,分析与探讨了樟子松人工森对土壤水分的影响以及涵养水分的能力;不同密度的樟子松人工林土壤水分的垂直分布,生长季节变化规律、历年变化情况、贮水量的差别,樟子松的林分密度。研究结果表明,樟子松人工林土壤水变化受密度制约,适宜的密度为６２５－８３０株／ｈｍ＾２。     

松墨天牛种群消长趋势指数研究

在松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus 1年1代地区，该虫单雌产卵量约100粒，卵、初龄幼虫、老龄幼虫至成虫羽化脱孔、成虫羽人至产卵在松材线虫病林内的存活率分别为90％、48.34%、71.99%和85.75%，雌雄性比是1.14:1。因而该虫的种群消长趋势指数是14.3。     

油松毛虫越冬幼虫“部分轮枝抽样”技术的研究

本文探讨以油松的“部分轮枝”(从油松基部起第1,2,3轮枝层中着生1,2a生针叶的枝条段构成的轮枝层)代替整株油松作为样本单元,估计油松毛虫越冬幼虫口密度的可行性;拟合积性模型建立了越冬幼虫种群的“部分轮枝抽样”模型;并对模型的估计精度、可靠性及置信区间进行了分析,导出了理论抽样数的计算公式;最后对“部分轮枝抽样”模型进行了实际应用检验。     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NUTRIENT CYCLING IN BIRCH STANDS WITH DIFFERENT AGE STAGES

SuccessionisthedynanucdeveloPInentofecosystemswhichcanbecharactetindbyenergyandndneralcyclings.Eachsuccessionstagehasitscharaceristicsofelementcycling.SomeschOlarshaveStatedbutbrieflawsofnutrienCyclinginsuccessionstagesI"3I.InthespaPer,thenutrientcyclingcharacterishcsofbirchsuccessionseriesinXiaokinganlingwerediscussed.SwrYAasAroarernoDSThestUdyareaislocatedinLiangshniNatUralReservesinthendddieofXiaox-ing'anlilg(l28"53,2o'rE,47olo'5O"N).Theclimat6belongstocontinentalmonsoonclimate,W…     

落叶松腮扁叶蜂自然种群生命表分析

落叶松腮扁叶蜂是兴安落叶松重要食叶害虫，自1998年以来在内蒙古大兴安岭林区成灾，1998—2002年间研究了该虫种群自然消长规律。将落叶松腮扁叶蜂种群按其生长发育顺序划分为卵期、危害幼虫期、滞育幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期5个阶段，把各阶段的作用因子划分为相对独立的状态，根据田间调查及室内实验观察，记录各阶段的存活数，组建了5个世代的生命表，1个平均生命表。分析表明：平均种群趋势指数为4．56。其中危害期幼虫相关系数r值为0．6857，回归系数b值为0．2221，滞育幼虫r值为0．8965，b值为0．6165。滞育幼虫期为落叶松腮扁叶蜂种群生活过程中的关键阶段。滞育幼虫期的自然消亡是影响整个种群动态的关键因素。突然降温等灾害性天气对发生期各虫态影响明显。重要因子分析表明，影响落叶松腮扁叶蜂自然种群的重要因子是天敌、气候、食料等。     

Climatic effects on the diameter growth of Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D. Don.

Monthly diameter increment data from two Hoop pine sites in Queensland were related to variables derived directly from weather measurements or from calculations made with a growth model including a simple water balance simulation. Both sets of variables were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression, along with variables representing measurement period length and cumulative measurement days. The relationships derived using variables calculated from the growth model were more closely related to diameter changes than were the equations using the weather variables. The difference was particularly marked when the equations from each site were tested on independent data from the other site.     

Study on Tending Operations to Control over Harm of Pine Scale in Urban Park

The change of pine scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi) population density on pine forest in urban park between treatment (tending operations) and CK (no tending operations) was researched in this paper. The results were shown as follows: population density declined to 0.63 head per bundle from 2.61 heads per bundle when crown density of pine in urban park had become 0.5 or so by means of cultivation activities such as felling, pruning and thinning and so on, and drop got to 75.86 percent. The pinewoods would soon get revived once using these cultivation activities, so tending operations was main measures controlling over harm of pine scale in urban park; At the same time, population density of pine scale on pinewoods in the sunny slope was more than that in the somber slope and it had become less and less from sunny slope to somber slope. Therefore, tree species must be chosen in the planning and design of urban park for preventing harm and happening of pine scale.