分析土壤养分状况提出施肥建议

通过对土壤养分的测定,了解掌握土壤中各种养分含量状况,进行科学的评价分析,提出合理施肥数量和施肥方法。结论如下:土壤有机质平均含量为16.2g/kg,比第二次普查结果 12.1 g/kg上升了4.1 g/kg,属于三级地力水平;碱解氮平均含量为115.12mg/kg,比第二次普查结果 78.9mg/kg上升了36.22mg/kg,从四等地力级别上升到三等地力级别,为中等地力;有效磷平均含量为18.65mg/kg,比第二次普查结果 8.51mg/kg上升10.14mg/kg,达到了较丰水平;速效钾平均含量为122.12mg/kg,比第二次普查结果 118.3mg/kg上升了3.82mg/kg,为中等地力,地力级别没有太大变化。根据土壤肥力高低,土壤养分丰缺程度,提出合理的施肥建议:每亩增施有机肥2000—3000kg;每亩施用氮素8—15kg;有效磷每亩施用P2O53—8kg;速效钾每亩施用K2O5—10kg。对贫磷和严重缺钾地区,要因地制宜地侧重施用磷肥和钾肥。     

青贮玉米与青贮类型

2001年，黑龙江省提出了奶业振兴计划．并大力推广青贮饲料。青贮玉米种植技术和增产效果已经被广大农牧民所接受和认可，是全省推广青贮饲料的首选品种。如果青贮玉米平均亩产为4000kg，青贮饲料按0．10元／kg的价格计算，则每亩可多收入250元左右。如果青贮饲料饲喂奶牛，2亩地8t青贮可增加1t奶，增加收入1500元，每亩净收入可增加500元以上。另外，各地正在兴起的人工种草养鹅模式，经济效益也很可观。     

阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿的引种、生产力测定及经济效益分析

分析了在内蒙古一些地区引种紫花苜蓿的成功的例子，并以阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿为例，分析了其在不同管理水平下，生产力差异很大。在无灌溉条件下，每亩产鲜草仅为700～1400kg，但在有灌溉条件下，则产量能达7000kg。同时指出在引进国外牧草时，首先要通过试验再推广，适宜的品种加上科学的管理才能发挥良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

大豆施氮肥关键在于“巧”

正大豆需氮素虽多,但由于其自身具有固氮能力,因此需要施用的氮肥量并不太多,施用过程关键是要突出一个"巧"字。中等以下肥力的田块,适时适量施用氮肥有较好的增产效果;肥力较高的田块增产效果则不明显,施用过多不仅浪费,反而还会造成减产。一般每亩可施尿素5 kg或碳酸氢铵15 kg做底肥;高肥田可少施或不施氮肥,薄地用少量氮肥做种肥效果更好,有利于大豆壮苗和花芽分化。但种肥的用量要少,要做到肥种隔离,以免烧种。     

施用化肥对提高松嫩草场生产力的影响及其经济效益分析

本文通过田间试验并运用方差分析的方法,对施用化肥提高松嫩草场的生产力和经济效益进行了研究。研究结果表明,在松嫩平原地区,草场的施肥时期最好在6月份,即雨季前期;硝酸铵和磷酸二铵配合施用的增产效果和经济效益都显著地高于单施硝酸铵或磷酸二铵,因此应避免单施氮肥或磷肥;硝酸铵和磷酸二铵配合施用时,N∶P_2O_5的最佳比例为1∶1,施肥量以施N和P_2O_5每公顷各100kg为宜,此时草场每公顷可增产干草5644kg,纯收入达到512.53元,其增产效果和经济效益都非常显著。     

小麦根际联合固氮菌对燕麦的增产效果

用小麦根际联合固氮菌对燕麦进行拌种的结果表明:每亩鲜草产量比对照增产298kg,提高12.6％,增收13.79元;种子产量增产51kg,提高15.9％,增收33.67元,经济效益明显,宜推广应用。     

高效有机复合肥研制成功

中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所科研人员根据果树、瓜类、草率、花卉、棉花等不同的生长发育与需肥特性，已成功研制出各自的专用有机复合肥，为农业部科技兴农项目，亦是第二届中国农业博览会的优秀项目，首获国家专利。1．在1～3年生幼树至初果期果园内，每株树施用0．5～2公厅专用高效有机复合肥即可；盛果期每生产lop公斤优质果品，只需使用6～8公斤该高效专用有机复合肥，均为树冠外半月形、环状，或放射状沟施，还可以穴状施用。2．在草萄园内，每亩地施用SO～80公斤高效专用有机复合肥为宜，可以基肥方式施用。3．在西瓜园内，每亩地…     

施用增产菌对豆科牧草增产效果的研究

5—8克的增产菌,苜蓿和沙打旺等豆科牧草,每亩喷施或拌种可促使株高、产草量、产种量、茎叶比增加;干鲜比下降,牧草品种改善,种籽千粒重和成熟率提高,草地经济效益显著提高,辽西干旱地区豆科牧草施用增产菌是有效果的。     

利用冬季闲田养鱼好处多

利用冬闲田养鱼是发展农业、增加经济实效的措施，其好处是甚多的，主要表现在４个方面：１增加稻田肥力，疏松土质，有利于来年水稻增产实践证明：冬闲田养鱼能比养鱼前每亩增产稻谷５０kg左右。２减轻稻田水稻病虫害冬闲田经过泡水养鱼，一般能把虫卵浸死或鱼卵被鱼类吃掉，水稻病虫害发生相对减少，这样可减少稻田的施药量。３有利于春播稻田用水冬闲田养鱼一般蓄水量有３００m３～４００m３，可供２亩稻田插秧的用水，能协调和减轻水库用水的压力，抓紧时间进行春插。４经济效益好一般每亩产鱼量可达４５kg以上，按每千克１０元计，亩产…     

M-81E甜高粱栽培技术

(1)整地 最好选择土层深厚肥沃土壤,要求深翻耙细,整平,施足底肥,最好施用农家肥或二铵。 (2)播种 每亩播量为1kg左右,肥沃地块播量减少,薄地盐碱地块播量适当加大。播种时间很关键,播种时地表温度应稳定在12℃以上,否则易粉种不     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.