2％噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂对松墨天牛的防治效果

采用2％噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂防治松墨天牛的试验结果表明：在马尾松林采用喷粉法喷施2％噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂,当用药量分别为3000、4500、6000g／hm^2时,天牛成虫经过14天取食后,死亡率分别为21．67％、43．89％和100％;喷洒用药量为6000g／hm^2药剂时,松墨天牛成虫在诱木上造成的刻槽数量明显减少,平均刻槽数从53．52个／m^2减少至0．84个／m^2,且对马尾松毛虫和萧氏松茎象也有触杀作用。     

旱薄山地成年柿树丰产优质技术开发

对旱薄山地柿树进行丰产优质技术开发，即主要采取深翻整地、穴贮肥水、树盘覆草、花期环剥和喷施赤霉素、稀土、微肥及改造树形、更新修剪等措施，结果表明，开发区林树的好果率、单果重、土壤肥力等均优于对照区。年平均产量4055．34kg／667m2，比对照区1075．5kg／667m2增产277．05％，经济效益显著。     

祁阳县油茶低产林改造成效探讨

油茶低产林通过分类经营,采取深挖垦复、开竹节沟、修枝亮脚、补植良种、合理施肥等综合技术进行改造,实施期5年间,年平均产油14．69kg／667m^2,比改造前3年年平均产油2．55kg／667m^2相比净增油12．14kg／667m^2,比未改造的固定对照地年平均产油3．13kg／667m^2相比净增油11．56kg／667m^2;实施后的4年间,年平均产油11．36kg／667m^2,比未改造的固定对照地年平均产油2．75kg／667m^2相比净增油8．61kg／667m^2。一次投入,多年受益的效果明显。     

草甘膦和调节膦混用在非耕地上除草效果

本研究表明 ,4 0 %调节膦水剂 +65 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂组成的双膦混剂 ,在非耕地上进行化学除草 ,每 667m2 用有效量为 60g +60g ,对水 5 0kg ,除草效果达 91% ,而单用 4 0 %调草膦水剂 ,每 667m2 用有效量 140g ,除草效果为 75 % ;单用 65 %草甘膦可湿性粉剂 ,每 667m2 用有效量 130g除草效果为84 % ,混用比单用好。值得在林区推广应用     

黑松造林试验初报

通过对青岛胶南市寨里乡车轮山后材的黑松造林正交试验发现，理想的栽培措施是：黑松与火炬松混交，密度为133株／667m^2，施肥量为133．5kg/667m^2。高生长最大可比对照提高0．45m，增38．5％；地径生长中比对照提高0．86cm，增幅23．8％，并可使林相整齐，防护效益提高。     

AT型载体活性炭吸附抗癌药物试验

AT型活性炭经气流粉碎制成平均粒径0．70μm左右，AT－C1活性炭比表面积1847m2／g，孔半径＜2nm为72．9％，其吸附力每克可吸附顺铂641mg、卡铂795mg、丝裂霉素590mg；AT－C2活性炭比表面积1400m2／g，孔半径＜2nm占54．9％，但中、大孔含量较多，测定顺铂AT-C130min、60min及120min脱吸附率分别为5．6％、9．8％及11．3％。     

海南美花兰组培快繁试验初报

海南美花兰种子无菌播种试验表明,种子萌芽培养基为1／2MS＋CM10％＋BA0．5＋NAA0．2＋蔗糖2％＋活性碳0．1％;CMIO％＋BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L的激素配比对原球茎的增殖效果最好;生根培养基为花多多1号1g／L＋1．BA0．2mg／L＋蔗糖2％＋活性碳0．1％。     

吉首市桤木人工林生长调查

通过对吉首市桤木人工林的管理及生长情况调查，提出了目前种植桤木的一些关键技术。在吉首市较好的立地条件下：造林密度为106株／667m^2的10年桤木人工林平均胸径达13．2cm，平均树高达11m，平均蓄积量达10．522m^3／667m^2；造林密度为167株／667m^2的10年桤木人工林平均胸径达12．7cm，平均树高达11．3m，平均蓄积量达15．554m^3／667m^2；造林密度为205株／667m^2的10年桤木人工林胸径达11．3cm，树高达12．0m，蓄积量达15．806m^2／667m^2。营造桤木速生林基地宜选择肥沃、湿润、土层深厚和排水良好的山冲或缓坡，以退耕地为最好。     

粤北毛竹残次林施肥效应研究

为了提高低产毛竹林效益,对粤北毛竹林进行了施肥效果试验。结果表明：每年的9月份进行施肥较合适,施林用复合肥30kg／667m^2较适合,每年新竹在120-130株左右,毛竹眉径在8—8．5cm之间,年新增价值在550-650元／667m^2之间。2005-2008年的经济效益与施肥抚育前相比,效益增长倍数分别是6．5、7．5、15．9和22．5倍。     

锥栗良种在桂阳县丘陵区引种栽培情况调查分析

为总结丘陵区引种推广锥栗良种效果,对桂阳丘陵区引种锥栗良种情况进行了调查,结果表明:3年生锥栗良种嫁接苗挂果率高,达到95％ 以上,坚果每15 kg/667 m2;4年生坚果35 kg/667 m2;冠幅5 m;页岩发育的土壤结果产量高,4年生35 kg/667 m2,比钙质页岩发育的土壤高20 kg;夏末秋初旱灾对产...     

萘乙酸和乙烯利对梨树的疏花疏果效应

对10年生梨园在梨树初花期、盛花期和落花期分别喷布不同浓度和配比的乙烯利和萘乙酸,结果表明：乙烯利在初花期使用,疏除效果不明显,盛花期使用200-400mg／L效果好,坐果率达到12％～18％,疏除效果较适宜;2-10mg／L的萘乙酸获得较理想的效果,疏除率达到85％左右;2-10mg／L的萘乙酸与200～400萘mg／L的乙烯利配合使用,疏除率达到80％。正确使用各种化学药剂对鸭梨和雪花梨进行疏花疏果可达到良好效果,省时省工省力,有广阔发展前景,试验结果对指导生产有一定的实际意义。     

乙烯利及NAA对红富士疏花疏果的效应

在红富士苹果花蕾期、盛花蓁落花后三个时期喷施乙烯利配合ＮＡＡ,结果表明,在盛花期取得明显效果,尤以乙烯利４００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和６００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１及乙烯利８００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１配合两组处理效果最好,百花序坐果数达到４６－９９个,单用乙烯利８００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ｘ疏除过量,百花序做果仅２５个,配合ＮＡＡ１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１可降低乙烯利的疏除效应,使得效果更为稳妥。     

促使云杉矮槲寄生果实提前脱落药剂筛选

云杉矮槲寄生正在威胁三江源地区的部分云杉林，为阻断其传播途径，在云杉矮槲寄生刚结果初期喷施植物激素，促使其果实在种子未成熟就提前脱落。采用40％乙烯利水剂、20％国光萘乙酸粉剂、50％国光丁酰肼可溶性粉剂这3种植物激素进行促使云杉矮槲寄生的果实提前脱落的药剂筛选，结果表明在果实上喷施浓度为1：200的40％乙烯利水剂，施药后3d果实开始脱落，7d果实脱落率达到100％，其它2种药剂虽然也能促使提前落果，但效果次之。     

国槐药物疏花疏果技术

采用科学方法对萘乙酸、乙烯利、多效唑三种药剂试验分析,得到浓度为(8×10-5)的萘乙酸对国槐脱蕾效果好、树体外在表现佳、促进国槐生长量大、耗费药剂成本低,是国槐疏花疏果的最佳方案。       

枇杷疏花疏果技术及对产量品质影响研究

通过对各参试品种在湘南低山丘陵区红壤土、石灰土、钙质土立地条件下枇杷优质丰产高效栽培技术研究及相关资料的系统分析,提出了枇杷疏花疏果技术要点。并以红壤土上10~14年生太城四号枇杷为材料,系统研究了疏花疏果对枇杷果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明:太城四号枇杷疏花疏果后以每穗留果3~5个为最佳,疏果后平均单果重、单株产量及收益分别比对照提高117%、32%、163%。同时可提高果实的可食率、可溶性固形物含量、含糖量,降低含酸量,有效改善果实品质、口感风味、色泽,大大缩短果实采摘期。     

Factors involved in alleviating water stress by partial crop removal in pear trees

We studied the relief of water stress associated with fruit thinning in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees during drought to determine what mechanisms, other than stomatal adjustment, were involved. Combinations of control irrigation (equal to crop water use less effective rainfall) and deficit irrigation (equal to 20% of control irrigation), fruit load (unthinned and thinned to 40 fruits per tree) and root pruning (pruned and unpruned) treatments were applied to pear (cv. 'Conference') trees during Stage II of fruit development. Daily patterns of midday stem water potential (Psi(stem)) and leaf conductance to water vapor (g(l)) of deficit-irrigated trees differed after fruit thinning. In response to fruit thinning, gl progressively declined with water stress until 30 days after fruit thinning and then leveled off, whereas the effects of decreased fruit load on Psi(stem) peaked 30-40 days after fruit thinning and then tended to decline. Soil water depletion was significantly correlated with fruit load during drought. Our results indicate that stomatal adjustment and the resulting soil water conservation were the factors determining the Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning. However, these factors could not explain differences in daily patterns between g(l) and Psi(stem) after fruit thinning. In all cases, effects of root pruning treatments on Psi(stem) in deficit-irrigated trees were transitory (Psi(stem) recovered from root pruning in less than 30 days), but the recovery of Psi(stem) after root pruning was faster in trees with low fruit loads. This behavior is compatible with the concept that the water balance (reflected by Psi(stem) values) was better in trees with low fruit loads compared with unthinned trees, perhaps because more carbon was available for root growth. Thus, a root growth component is hypothesized as a mechanism to explain the bimodal Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning during drought.     

Effects of fruit thinning on ascorbate–glutathione cycle metabolism in black currants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ribes nigrum</Emphasis> L.)

To elucidate mechanisms regulating ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis and accumulation in the fruit and leaves of black currants, AsA and the activities of key enzymes in the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were measured from fruit set to fruit ripening during fruit thinning treatments of three common commercial black currant cultivars that differed in their AsA levels: ‘Risager’ (low), ‘Brodtrop’ (medium) and ‘Adelinia’ (high). Treatments were 50% fruit reduction (50% of total fruit set) by hand, control was no thinning. Fruit thinning treatment significantly increased AsA content in fruit of all three cultivars from weeks 2 to 8, significantly decreased AsA content in leaves from weeks 3 to 8. Dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities in fruit and leaves had a similar pattern, increasing during week 2, rose until they peaked in week 4. Ascorbate peroxidase activity in fruit in the thinning treatment was slightly lower than in the control. Fruit thinning was shown to be a good model to test AsA biosynthesis regulation and accumulation in black currants. The results from our study provided strong evidence that AsA–GSH cycle involved in AsA synthesis and accumulation in fruit.     

杨梅疏果量与经济效益关系分析

用比较分析法和多目标最优化法对不同的杨梅疏果量与投入、产量、产值、效益的关系进行比较、分析表明 :疏果措施可提高杨梅的品质 ,增加产值和收益 ,当疏果量达到 6 0 %时有最大的纯收益 ,疏果量达到 70 %时有最好的投资效果 ,6 0 %～ 70 %的疏果量是杨梅最佳疏果方案     

油茶无性系脂肪酸组成及其与种实性状相关性

对江西省40株油茶无性系的主要脂肪酸组成及其与种实性状相关性进行研究,结果表明:(1)油茶无性系油酸含量在75.83%~85.91%间,平均为81.90%,亚油酸含量在5.43%~12.56%间,平均为7.40%;棕榈酸含量在5.27%~10.39%间,平均为7.94%;硬脂酸含量在0.42%~3.14%间,平均为1.66%。各无性系脂肪酸组成变异存在较大差异,变异系数由大到小依次为:硬脂酸(40.34%)、亚油酸(18.45%)、棕榈酸(16.43%)、油酸(2.49%);油茶无性系不饱和脂肪酸含量在86.50%~91.75%间,平均为89.30%,变异系数为1.48%;饱和脂肪酸含量在7.30%~12.45%之间,平均为9.61%,变异系数为13.35%;(2)相关性结果表明,油酸与亚油酸、棕榈酸呈极显著负相关,与单果重、果高、单果籽数呈显著正相关,亚油酸与单果重、果高呈显著负相关,这些为油茶良种选育提供了一定参考。     

提高文冠果坐果率的技术措施研究

为了解决文冠果坐果率低的问题,采用田间试验的方法,进行了提高文冠果坐果率技术措施的研究。结果表明：疏除95％不孕花和疏除100％不孕花处理可极显著提高文冠果坐果率,是对照的4倍多;不同程度的疏除可孕花均有提高文冠果坐果率的效果,坐果率以每个侧生花序保留5朵可孕花处理为最高,可达97％以上;盛花期全树喷洒液体花粉,可以极显著地提高文冠果的坐果率,使其坐果率由4．6％提高到13．8％。