Developmental competence of eggs produced by rainbow trout Doubled Haploids (DHs) and generation of the clonal lines

Poor quality eggs produced by the fully homozygous doubled haploids (DHs) may impair generation of clonal lines in fish species. In the present research, gynogenetic development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was induced in eggs originated from the DH females. Eggs were activated with the UV‐irradiated grayling (Thymallus thymallus) spermatozoa and subjected to the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) shock to provide diploid clonal individuals. Only two of four DH females produced eggs that were successfully activated by the irradiated spermatozoa and subsequently developed into the gynogenetic embryos. Survival rates of rainbow trout from the clonal lines equalled 21.5% and 19.8% during embryogenesis and decreased after hatching to 18.6% and 14.9%, respectively. Some of the dead rainbow trout clones collected between hatching and swim‐up stage were emaciated and exhibited spinal deformities including scoliosis. Provided results confirmed limited developmental competences of eggs produced by rainbow trout DH females. Clonal rainbow trout developing in such eggs exhibited reduced survival and increased frequency of the body abnormalities.     

Induction of Gynogenetic and Androgenetic Haploid and Doubled Haploid Development in the Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758)

Gynogenetic and androgenetic brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758) haploids (Hs) and doubled haploids (DHs) were produced in the present research. Haploid development was induced by radiation‐induced genetic inactivation of spermatozoa (gynogenesis) or eggs (androgenesis) before insemination. To provide DHs, gynogenetic and androgenetic haploid zygotes were subjected to the high pressure shock to suppress the first mitotic cleavage. Among haploids, gynogenetic embryos were showing lower mortality when compared to the androgenetic embryos; however, most of them die before the first feeding stage. Gynogenetic doubled haploids provided in the course of the brown trout eggs activation performed by homologous and heterologous sperm (rainbow trout) were developing equally showing hatching rates of 14.76 ± 2.4% and 16.14 ± 2.90% and the survival rates at the first feeding stage of 10.48 ± 3.48% and 12.78 ± 2.18%, respectively. Significantly, lower survival rate was observed among androgenetic progenies from the diploid groups with only few specimens that survived to the first feeding stage. Cytogenetic survey showed that among embryos from the diploid variants of the research, only gynogenetic individuals possessed doubled sets of chromosomes. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that radiation employed for the genetic inactivation of the brown trout eggs misaligned mechanism responsible for the cell divisions and might have delayed or even arrested the first mitotic cleavage in the androgenetic brown trout zygotes. Moreover, protocol for the radiation‐induced inactivation of the paternal and maternal genome should be adjusted as some of the cytogenetically surveyed gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos exhibited fragments of the irradiated chromosomes.     

Use of Eggs Derived From the Interspecific Charr Hybrids to Induce Androgenetic Development of the Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill 1814)

Although, brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill 1814) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus 1758) are able to cross and give fertile offspring, their androgenetic nucleocytoplasmic hybrids are not viable. To overcome incompatibility between the egg cytoplasm of one charr species and the sperm nucleus of another charr species, application of F₁ interspecific hybrids as egg donors for the purpose of androgenesis has been proposed. Here, androgenetic development of the brook charr was successfully induced in the brook charr eggs and the eggs derived from the reciprocal brook charr × Arctic charr F₁ hybrids. A working androgenesis protocol included inactivation of the maternal nuclear DNA achieved by irradiation of the eggs with 420 Gy of X‐rays, insemination of such treated eggs with the haploid sperm cells and exposition of the haploid androgenetic zygotes to the high hydrostatic pressure shock (51.711 MPa for 4 min) applied 420 min after insemination. Androgenetic larvae that hatched from the brook charr and the hybrid eggs were shown to be homozygous brook charr individuals. Androgenetic individuals exhibited 84 chromosomes and 100 chromosome arms (FN), values characteristic for the brook charr diploid cells. Strategy hybridize first than induce androgenesis should be tested in order to provide androgenetic offspring in other salmonids that are able to cross and produce fertile offspring.     

Myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed under natural stream conditions.

From early April into mid-June 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. Following incubation in a M. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. A grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. Percentage infected, lesion severity scores, effects of water temperature and flow rates on percentage infected and lesion severity scores, and resulting pathology were determined for each species at each exposure period. The percentage of rainbow trout infected with M. cerebralis was significantly higher than the percentage of brown trout infected for each exposure period. The percentages of rainbow trout infected in exposure periods later in the calendar year were significantly higher than those in earlier periods. The percentages of brown trout infected were not significantly different among exposure periods. Overall average lesion severity scores were significantly higher in rainbow than in brown trout. Lesion severity scores in rainbow trout increased over time (a positive correlation with exposure period). Lesion severity scores were not significantly different for brown trout among exposure periods. A significant correlation existed between water temperature and percentage of rainbow trout infected; a significant correlation also existed between water temperature and lesion severity scores in rainbow trout. Similar correlations did not exist for percentage of brown trout infected or accompanying lesion severity scores. In rainbow trout, ventral calvarium was the most common site of M. cerebralis replication, followed by gill arches. In brown trout, lesions were virtually confined to gill arches. Early lesions consisted of foci of cartilage necrosis with small numbers of M. cerebralis developmental stages. More advanced lesions consisted of multifocal areas of cartilage necrosis with numerous M. cerebralis developmental stages and/or mature myxospores bordered and/or infiltrated by mono- and multinuclear leukocytes. Lesions in brown trout were smaller and had fewer associated leukocytes and M. cerebralis developmental stages and/or mature myxospores. Higher infection rates, lesion severity scores, and differences in lesion location in rainbow versus brown trout explain in part why numbers of rainbow but not brown trout have fallen in western rivers inhabited with M. cerebralis-infected trout.     

同步辐射软X射线对家蚕生理生化性状的影响

采用一定剂量同步辐射（ＳＲ）软Ｘ射线辐照催青卵及蚕蛹,利用ＰＡＧＥ对蚕卵及蛹子代的蛋白质和酯酶同工酶进行分析,结果发现谱带数目及活性的变化,茧质调查与对照相比也有差异。首次证明ＳＲ软Ｘ射线对家蚕的生理生化性状有一定影响     

Biological characteristics of fish germ cells and their application to developmental biotechnology

We have revealed several unique characteristics of germ cell development using rainbow trout, including the fact that spermatogonia transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of newly hatched embryos migrate toward recipient gonads, that spermatogonia transplanted into female recipients start oogenesis and produce functional eggs and that diploid germ cells transplanted into triploid trout can complete gametogenesis. By combining these unique features of fish germ cells, we established allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation systems for spermatogonia in several fish species. Spermatogonia isolated from the mature testes of vasa-green fluorescent protein (Gfp) transgenic rainbow trout were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of triploid masu salmon newly hatched embryos. These spermatogonia migrated toward recipient salmon genital ridges with extending pseudopodia and were subsequently incorporated into them. We further confirmed that the donor-derived spermatogonia resumed gametogenesis and produced sperm and eggs in male and female salmon recipients, respectively. By inseminating the resulting eggs and sperm, we obtained only rainbow trout offspring in the F1 generation, suggesting that the triploid salmon recipients produced functional gametes derived only from donor trout. We further confirmed that this intra-peritoneal transplantation of germ cells is applicable to several marine fishes, which could be of benefit in the production of bluefin tuna that has a large broodstock (>100 kg) and is difficult to maintain in captivity. Gamete production of bluefin tuna could be more easily achieved by generating a surrogate species, such as mackerel, that can produce tuna gametes.     

沉性大卵径鱼卵的观察方法与虹鳟的胚胎发育

虹鳟等冷水性鱼类产沉性卵,由于卵膜较厚,不作特殊处理,肉眼无法直接观察其胚胎发育的过程。该研究分别采用0.6%~1.0%胰蛋白酶酶解透明、透明液处理和5%甲醛固定剥膜的方法对虹鳟的受精卵进行处理,在显微镜下比较3种处理方法并对虹鳟胚胎发育进行观察。结果表明,用胰蛋白酶适度处理以后,卵膜呈透明状态,可以用显微镜清楚的观察到各个发育时期;用透明液处理以后,卵膜仍然较厚,在发眼前期,仅可观察到胚胎的大致发育时期,发眼期以后,虽然可以观察到每一个发育时相,但效果较差;采用甲醛固定后卵膜及卵内物质变性,胚胎固化形态稳定,发育时相得以固定,机械去除卵膜以后,各发育时相清晰可见,进而可以深入研究其胚胎发育。通过对甲醛固定以后的胚胎观察,可以将虹鳟的胚胎发育分为囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、眼球色素出现期和循环期等21个时期。     

家蚕染色体工程及其应用研究——Ⅲ.家蚕雄核发育的诱导

采用适当剂量的丫-射线辐照羽化前2—3日的雌蛹,羽化后与未辐照雄蛾(具有隐性标志基因)进行单杂交或多品种雄蛾混精杂交,产下卵经一定温度热处理,获得并饲养近两万头雄核发育蚕,并将部分雄核发育蚕继代成功。所有雄核发育蚕都为雄性,且只表现父本性状,不表现母本性状。因而推测可能是卵核经Y-射线照射后失活,而进入卵内的精子经一定高温刺激后互相融合发育的结果。调查了经辐射处理后的杂交后代在不同条件热处理以及不同蚕品种在同样条件热处理下的雄核发育情况,证明产下卵须经一定高温处理,两个入卵精子才能融合而发育。     

Selection of In Vitro-Matured Porcine Oocytes Based on Localization Patterns of Lipid Droplets to Evaluate Developmental Competence

Localization patterns of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of porcine oocytes were evaluated as a novel marker for in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes with high developmental competence. Porcine oocytes were cultured in TCM-199, which is a complete synthetic medium, for 44 h at 38.5 C. Localization patterns were divided into 2 classes: lipid droplets localized uniformly in the whole cytoplasm (class I) and those that were centrally located (class II). After IVM in TCM-199, 60% of matured oocytes exhibited the class II pattern. To investigate the relation between the distribution of lipid droplets and the developmental rate of the oocyte, the developmental rates of class I and class II oocytes were compared after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Class II oocytes showed a significantly higher rate of blastocyst development than class I oocytes. These results suggest that porcine oocytes with high developmental competence can be selected based on the localization patterns of lipid droplets.     

The effect of radiation on the viability and migratory ability of second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis in mice

Larval counts were made on mice 2 days after oral inoculation with X-ray (0-320 Krad) or of gamma ray (0-6 Mrad) irradiated eggs containing second-stage Toxocara canis larvae. The majority of the larvae irradiated with 0-40 Krad were recovered from the liver and lungs, while most of the larvae irradiated with 80 or 160 Krad remained in the digestive tract, mainly in the stomach and the proximal half of the small intestine. Only a small number of the 320 Krad irradiated larvae was recovered from the mice. No significant difference was observed in the viability of irradiated larvae incubated in vitro up to 13 days after irradiation. However, a substantial percentage of the 160 and 320 Krad-irradiated larvae hatched during that period. Very few larvae were recovered from the digestive tract of mice inoculated with eggs irradiated with 0.5 Mrad, and only one and four larvae were recovered from the liver and lungs of a mouse. No visceral larval migration was observed in mice inoculated with 1 Mrad-irradiated eggs. The minimum lethal radiation dose for second-stage T. canis larvae in eggs is proposed to be 1 Mrad.     

Study on Development of Broiler Liver Lipid Droplet during Embryonic Period

This study was aimed to explore the developmental change of lipid droplet in liver of chicken embryos.120 fertilized eggs were incubated, and 6 embryos were selected randomly every day and their livers were removed for measuring the formation and development of lipid droplets from E7 to E21 during the incubation.The methods of frozen section and Sudan Ⅲ staining were used. The results showed that:①Lipid droplets emerged early on the 9th day of chicken embryos incubation (E9). The quantities and sizes of lipid droplets became more and larger with the increasing of chicken embryos age. ②Quantities of lipid droplets in every hepatic lobule decreased from central veins to the margin of hepatic lobule along hepatic cords before E18, while more lipid droplets distributed at the margin of the liver than that in the center of liver after E18. ③The quantities and sizes of hepatic lipid droplets were significant difference during the three stage of E9-E14, E15-E17 and E18-E21 (P<0.05). The average sizes of hepatic lipid droplets were 3.2, 5.7 and 10.8 μm, respectively, and their average numbers were 67,327 and 397 n/mm², respectively. In conclusion, the quantities and sizes of hepatic lipid droplets became more and larger with the increasing of chicken embryos age.     

The partial substitution of digestible protein with gelatinized starch as an energy source reduces susceptibility to lipid oxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle

We evaluated the influence of dietary gelatinized starch and protein on the fatty acid composition of muscle in rainbow trout and European sea bass and on the susceptibility of flesh to lipid peroxidation. The possibility that flesh peroxidation could be accounted for by lipogenesis and the deposition of fat was also explored. The inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet of rainbow trout improved growth with respect to that observed in fish fed crude starch (P<.001). This was especially noticeable at the lowest concentration of dietary protein tested (P = .037); suggesting that gelatinized starch may partially replace protein in the production of energy without inducing a negative effect on growth. However, in European sea bass, the gelatinization of starch and dietary protein concentration showed no significant effect on final body weight. The intramuscular neutral lipid concentration of the sea bass was reduced by the gelatinization of dietary starch (P = .034). The highest dietary protein concentration increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the neutral (P = .0742) and polar (P = .0033) lipid fractions. The dietary inclusion of high levels of protein in rainbow trout led to a lower concentration of total (n-3) (P = .0457) and (n-6) (P = .0522) fatty acids and a higher concentration of total monounsaturated fatty acids (P = .0006). The inclusion of gelatinized starch led to a lower concentration of (n-3) fatty acids (P = .0034) and a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = .0007). The polar fraction was hardly affected by the same treatment. A significantly lower susceptibility of the dorsal muscle to oxidation was observed in groups of European sea bass fed gelatinized starch (P<.01). A similar trend was observed in rainbow trout, although differences were not significant. The findings suggest that the digestible protein concentration of nutrient-dense diets for rainbow trout and European sea bass can be reduced with a beneficial effect on tissue lipid oxidation and no negative effects on growth and muscle composition.     

Purification and Partial Characterization of a Rainbow Trout Egg Lectin

Abstract

A lectin that agglutinates rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) and human type B RBCs was isolated from ova of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Hemagglutination of rabbit RBCs was inhibited completely by 10 mM L-rhamnose but not by certain other sugars, 100 mM EDTA, or 100 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. Partial purification of this hemagglutinating material was achieved by affinity chromatography of an H₂O-dialyzed yolk homogenate on rhamnose-linked Sepharose. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) performed on this sample revealed two polypeptides with approximate molecular masses of 19 kilodaltons (kDa) and 30 kDa. By fast-phase liquid chromatography, proteins with a molecular mass of less than 20 kDa were separated from other elements of the affinity-purified hemagglutinating material. These proteins were found to lack hemagglutinating activity. When a western blot with rabbit antilectin antiserum was performed against yolk extract, rainbow trout serum, or yolk from larvae, a 30-kDa polypeptide was detected within all three samples. If the rainbow trout serum and egg lectins are the same molecule, then the biological function of the rainbow trout egg lectin may include host defense or perhaps a basic, homeostatic mechanism such as glycoprotein transport     

肉鸡鸡胚肝脏中脂滴的发育研究

为了探索鸡胚肝脏脂滴的发育规律,选取120枚受精蛋,分别在孵化的第7~21天（E7~E21）每天随机选取6枚蛋,收集鸡胚,采集鸡胚肝脏,采用冰冻切片、苏丹Ⅲ染色观察鸡胚肝脏脂滴的形成和发育特点。结果发现：①鸡胚发育到E9胚龄,肝细胞内开始出现脂滴,且随着胚龄增加,脂滴的数量不断增多,脂滴的大小不断增大;②E18胚龄以前,肝脏脂滴的分布从中央静脉开始沿肝索到肝小叶边缘数量逐渐减少,E18胚龄以后,肝脏边缘脂滴数量较肝脏中央的多;③肝脏脂滴的发育分为E9~E14、E15~E17和E18~E21 3个阶段,而且后一个阶段脂滴的数量和体积均显著大于前一个阶段（P<0.05）,脂滴的平均大小在E9~E14、E15~E17和E18~E21 3个阶段分别为3.2、5.7和10.8 μm,平均数量分别为67、327、397个/mm²。以上结果表明,随着鸡胚的发育,肝细胞内脂滴数量增加、体积变大。     

Accurate genomic predictions for BCWD resistance in rainbow trout are achieved using low‐density SNP panels: Evidence that long‐range LD is a major contributing factor

Previously accurate genomic predictions for Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) resistance in rainbow trout were obtained using a medium‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Here, the impact of lower‐density SNP panels on the accuracy of genomic predictions was investigated in a commercial rainbow trout breeding population. Using progeny performance data, the accuracy of genomic breeding values (GEBV) using 35K, 10K, 3K, 1K, 500, 300 and 200 SNP panels as well as a panel with 70 quantitative trait loci (QTL)‐flanking SNP was compared. The GEBVs were estimated using the Bayesian method BayesB, single‐step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and weighted ssGBLUP (wssGBLUP). The accuracy of GEBVs remained high despite the sharp reductions in SNP density, and even with 500 SNP accuracy was higher than the pedigree‐based prediction (0.50–0.56 versus 0.36). Furthermore, the prediction accuracy with the 70 QTL‐flanking SNP (0.65–0.72) was similar to the panel with 35K SNP (0.65–0.71). Genomewide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed strong LD (r² ≥ 0.25) spanning on average over 1 Mb across the rainbow trout genome. This long‐range LD likely contributed to the accurate genomic predictions with the low‐density SNP panels. Population structure analysis supported the hypothesis that long‐range LD in this population may be caused by admixture. Results suggest that lower‐cost, low‐density SNP panels can be used for implementing genomic selection for BCWD resistance in rainbow trout breeding programs.     

Comparing efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using factorial and multivariate approaches

A study was conducted to compare utilization of ME for growth vs. maintenance in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon. Fish were hand-fed to satiation one of four isoenergetic diets (DE = 20 MJ/kg, as-fed basis) with different digestible protein (DP) to DE ratios (24, 22, 20, and 18 g/MJ). Intake of ME (kJ/d), energy deposited as protein (PD, kJ/d), and energy deposited as lipid (LD, kJ/d) were determined by a comparative slaughter technique. Data were analyzed by a factorial approach or by multivariate analysis of PD and LD on ME. Maintenance energy requirements (ME(m)) and efficiency of ME utilization for PD (k(p)) and LD (k(f)) were estimated with both approaches. For the multivariate analysis, an additional parameter, the fraction of ME intake above maintenance used for PD (X) was defined as linear function of BW, with slope (d) and intercept (c) estimated simultaneously with the above parameters. Estimates were highly dependent on the approach and assumptions used. The ME(m) and k(p) values were higher and less accurate with the factorial approach than with multivariate analysis. The factorial approach estimated unrealistic k(f) values (k(f) > 1). With the multivariate analysis, ME(m) did not differ between species (20 kJ x d(-1) x kg(-0.8)). On the other hand, k(p) was significantly higher (e.g., 0.52 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.43 +/- 0.06; P < 0.05) for salmon than for trout and independent of diet, but k(f) was 0.81 (+/-0.13) regardless of species or diet. The ME intake above ME(m) used for PD (c) was higher in salmon than trout (57 vs. 55%; P < 0.05). The change in partitioning of ME for PD due to the change in BW was negative for trout (d = -0.18), but positive for salmon (d = 0.16). The d values agreed well with the increase of LD:PD ratio with BW for trout and the decrease of LD:PD with BW for salmon, which may have been related to the maturation status of this fish and the associated loss of body lipid observed by maturing salmon. In conclusion, ME(m) and cost of LD were similar for rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, but the cost of PD was lower for salmon than for trout.     

Genotyping of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolates from Mexico state

The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV; genus Aquabirnavirus) affects salmon and trout, causing high mortality in first-feeding fry. The classification of this virus includes nine serotypes and seven genogroups. In Mexico, two different isolates were identified in 2000 and 2008, respectively. Both isolates were classified into genogroup I according to the RNA genome of this virus. As Mexico is importing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs from different countries, the aim of this study was to genotype IPNV isolates obtained from four rainbow trout producer regions within the state of Mexico. We utilized a fragment of the VP2* (outer capsid protein) gene sequence of Mexican IPNV isolates as a molecular marker to determine the genogroup to which they belong. Although all Mexican IPNV isolates were grouped into genogroup I, we identified genetic diversity among these isolates, and 14 unique nucleotide sequence types were associated with the four producer regions in Mexico State.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mitogen‐Induced Activation of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

Proliferation of rainbow trout peripheral blood leucocytes in vitro is usually assessed by measuring incorporated tritiated thymidine. In this report we monitored the in vitro proliferative response to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) by means of flow cytometry (FCM) and ³H‐thymidine incorporation. When analysed by FCM, blood leucocytes displayed two main cell populations with distinct forward and side scatter (FSC/SSC) characteristics: lymphocytes with low FSC/SSC values and non‐lymphoid leucocytes (NLL) with increased FSC/SSC values. The nature of these cell types were confirmed by microscopy. Interestingly, the FSC/SSC pattern of lymphocytes remained unchanged after in vitro stimulation with Con A, whereas cells from the NLL population showed a marked shift towards increased FSC values. In stimulated cultures, the increase of FSC values of the NLL population significantly correlated with contemporarily measured ³H‐thymidine incorporation (r=0.7, P < 0.001). The mitogenic response of blood leucocytes originating from different individual fish varied over wide ranges. It was found to be related to the numbers of NLL present in the leucocyte sample. The present results show that qualitative and quantitative FCM analysis of morphological parameters (FSC/SSC) of blood leucocytes makes it possible to discriminate between leucocyte populations of the rainbow trout and to monitor cell proliferation experiments.     

养殖虹鳟与大西洋鲑肉质和营养成分比较研究

试验选取10尾贵州都匀养殖场的虹鳟(1562±32)g和10尾市场出售的挪威大西洋鲑(1856±45 g),采集其背部肌肉,分别进行质构特性及营养成分分析。结果表明:质构特性上,虹鳟肌肉的失水率显著低于大西洋鲑(P<0.05),剪切力显著高于大西洋鲑(P<0.05);常规成分中,虹鳟肌肉的粗脂肪含量显著低于大西洋鲑(P<0.05),二者的粗蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05);脂肪酸组成上,虹鳟肌肉的n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于大西洋鲑(P<0.05),但基于脂肪酸组成获得的饱和度(S/P)、动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)、凝血指数(TI)和降胆固醇/致高血脂比率(HH)等指标无显著性差异(P>0.05);氨基酸组成方面,虹鳟肌肉内的人体必需氨基酸比例显著低于大西洋鲑(P<0.05),鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于大西洋鲑(P<0.05)。结果表明,养殖虹鳟在肉质质构上相比大西洋鲑较“干硬”,且虹鳟肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸和必需氨基酸含量均低于大西洋鲑。