木板与混凝土牛床对奶牛肢蹄的影响研究

本研究比较了木板地面和混凝土地面的牛床对奶牛肢蹄损伤性疾病的发病情况,结果显示木板地面和混凝土地面牛床的发病率分别为53.18%,66.99%,木板地面的发病率显著低于混凝土地面(P＜0.05),且在低气温季节,混凝土地面发病率极显著高于木板地面(P＜0.01),而在高气温季节则相反(P＜0.05).腕(跗)部发病率,木板地面低于混凝土地面(P＜0.05),分别为22.22%,34.06%.细菌感染率木板地面高于混凝土地面,差异显著(P＜0.05).指(趾)部和蹄部发病率、患病淘汰率,木板均高于混凝土地面,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果说明,不同气温(季节)条件下,木板与混凝土地面对奶牛肢蹄损伤差异较大,但总的来说,木板地面要优于混凝土地面.     

两种不同类型的牛床对奶牛产科疾病影响的研究

本试验比较了木板地面和混凝土地面的牛床对奶牛产科疾病的不同影响。结果显示,新建的两种牛床奶牛产科疾病发病率,混凝土地面低于木地板,差异不显著。经过1年时间后,木板地面牛床的发病率明显高于混凝土地面牛床,差异显著(P<0.05),发病率分别为38.24%和25.00%。木板牛床患病淘汰头数明显增多,其中,胎衣不下、产后感染、乳房炎发病情况特别明显,两种地面差异极显著(P<0.01)。高温季节,发病率木地板高于混凝土地面,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果证实:减少奶牛产科疾病,混凝土地面要优于木板地面。     

两种不同类型的牛床对奶牛产科疾病影响的研究

研究比较了木板地面和混凝土地面的牛床对奶牛产科疾病的不同影响。结果显示：新建的两种牛床奶牛产科疾病的发病率.混凝土地面低于木地板，差异不显著.经过1年时间后.木地板地面牛床的发病率明显高于混凝土地面牛床，差异显著(P＜0.05)，发病率分别为38.24％、25.00%，患病淘汰头数明显增多。其中.胎衣不下、产后感染、乳房炎发病情况特别明显。两种地面差异极显著(P＜0.01)；每年高温季节.木地板高于混凝土地板.差异显著(P＜0.05)。对比结果证实.减少奶牛产科疾病.混凝土地面要优于木板地面。     

发酵床对奶牛健康状况和生产性能的影响研究

[目的]探索发酵床对奶牛健康状况和生产性能的影响。[方法]试验设发酵床组与水泥地面组,各选健康奶牛21头,通过对奶牛牛体和乳房卫生情况、生产性能、牛舍环境、血常规和血液生化指标、躺卧情况及健康状况等指标进行评估。[结果]发酵床组牛体和乳房卫生情况明显优于水泥地面组;体细胞数显著低于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组牛舍相对湿度显著高于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组牛舍氨气浓度显著低于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组血液葡萄糖含量显著高于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组奶牛躺卧率明显高于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组乳房炎和肢蹄病发病率显著低于水泥地面组（P<0.05）。[结论]发酵床不仅能提高奶牛牛体和乳房卫生,还能降低乳房炎和肢蹄病发生率,改善奶牛生产性能。     

不同卧床材料对海福特母牛舒适度、繁殖及健康状况的影响

[目的] 为了研究不同卧床材料对海福特母牛舒适度、繁殖及健康状况的影响。[方法] 将600头海福特母牛随机分为 4 组,每组150头,分别散放饲养于混凝土地面、砖铺地面、木屑垫料、细沙子卧床,测定微生物数量,观察母牛舒适度、受胎率、健康状况;[结果] 结果表明,细沙子和砖铺地面的霉菌显著低于混凝土地面和木屑垫料(P<0.05);细沙子中的金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于混凝土地面和木屑垫料(P<0.01);细沙子中的大肠杆菌数量最少,显著低于混凝土地面、砖铺地面和木屑垫料(P<0.05)。细沙子和木屑垫料能显著提高海福特母牛躺卧率(86%和90%,P<0.05),显著高于混凝土地面和砖铺地面;使用细沙子和木屑垫料比混凝土地面和砖铺地面显著降低了海福特牛肢蹄病发病率(14%和5%,P<0.05)。细沙子垫料与混凝土地面、砖铺地面、木屑垫料相比较,显著提高了海福特母牛受胎率和犊牛成活率(92%、98%,P<0.05)。[结论]细沙子垫料与混凝土地面、砖铺地面、木屑垫料相比较,显著降低了霉菌、金黄色葡萄菌和大肠杆菌的数量,提高了海福特母牛躺卧率、受胎率和犊牛成活率,降低了肢蹄病发病率。     

橡胶地面对散栏饲养泌乳奶牛蹄部健康的影响

选用10～30泌乳日龄的经产奶牛进行临床试验,研究橡胶地板对奶牛发生肢蹄损伤、行动评分、临床跛行和蹄的生长和磨损的影响。试验牛分两组圈养在完全相同的散栏中,其中一栏为水泥地面(水泥,n=82),而另一栏则用橡胶垫将水泥面板完全覆盖(橡胶,n=84)。所有奶牛分别在10～30,74～94和110～130泌乳日对奶牛:①后蹄损伤;②基于行动评分的临床跛行;③右侧蹄壁的生长和磨损进行3次评价。试验开始时,两组牛的泌乳胎次、平均干物质采食量(DIM)、体况评分及第1次评价时肢蹄损伤的比例没有差异。两组牛在每次评价时肢蹄损伤的发生率没有差异。但是,水泥地面处理组发生蹄部磨损的几率或加剧的程度高于橡胶地面组。在两组牛中,蹄的外侧比内侧更容易发生损伤。第3次评价时,水泥地面组跛行发生率并因此需要治疗性修蹄的比例高于橡胶地面组。与水泥地面组相比,橡胶地面组牛在第1和最后1次评价之间,蹄的生长和磨损较低。两组牛中,处于第2个泌乳期的牛的蹄磨损率高于处于第3个或以上泌乳期的牛。试验结果表明:柔软的散栏地面,如联锁的橡胶,有利于奶牛的蹄部健康。     

不同血统含量、世代及胎次奶牛体型线性评分研究

为了选出优秀体型奶牛群体,提高全群产奶量,试验选取不同血统含量、不同世代、不同胎次的286头奶牛开展体型线性评分研究。结果显示:纯种荷斯坦牛体型总评分、乳房评分、体躯结构评分(P0.05)以及乳用特征评分高于或显著高于低代杂种,而低代杂种肢蹄评分、尻部评分高于纯种;2世代奶牛在肢蹄评分、体躯结构评分、乳用特征评分方面显著高于0世代(P0.05),0世代尻部评分显著高于2世代(P0.05);2胎次奶牛总评分、乳房评分、肢蹄评分以及体躯结构评分显著高于1胎次(P0.05),2胎次以后总评分呈下降趋势。提示:应加强纯种荷斯坦牛的肢蹄和尻部结构选育工作,从而减少肢蹄病和产科疾病的发生,使得奶牛群体高产健康长寿。     

荷斯坦奶牛蹄病与血清自由基代谢的关系

选择患蹄病的荷斯坦奶牛12头为试验组,并根据产奶量、胎次和泌乳期均相近的原则选择健康奶牛12头为对照组,检测了血清中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量和超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)等。结果表明:患蹄病奶牛血清中的MDA、NO显著高于健康牛(P<0.05),SOD、CAT显著低于健康牛(P<0.05),T-AOC也低于健康牛,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05),说明患蹄病的奶牛体内自由基代谢紊乱,其抗氧化能力已经不能有效地清除代谢产生的过量的自由基。     

运动场环境对奶牛肢蹄健康的影响

试验研究运动场环境对于奶牛肢蹄健康的影响,对15户奶牛养殖户饲养的221头成年泌乳牛的饲养方式、运动场地面及运动场饲养密度进行调查,通过一般线性模型的单变量方差分析奶牛肢蹄健康情况与运动场环境的关系。结果显示:在运动场地面局部潮湿、干燥的情况下,运动场密度在12.3～33.4 m2/头范围时,其对奶牛肢蹄病发生无显著影响;而运动场地面为三合土、黄土、沙土及干粪时,其奶牛肢蹄病发病率极显著低于立砖地面的发病率。     

某新建牛场奶牛肢蹄损伤情况的调查分析

对某新建牛场肢蹄病牛进行临床检查和资料统计分析,结果表明患肢蹄病与年龄、胎次有密切关系:4-6岁牛的发病率明显高于4岁以下牛(P相似文献   

平养条件下东乡绿壳蛋鸡就巢性研究

研究通过诱导就巢，观察并统计了东乡绿壳蛋鸡47～66，同龄就巢发生情况。结果表明，观察期内平养绿壳蛋鸡群体平均卧息时间为10.5天（0～81天），除了产蛋外，27.7％母鸡没有发生卧息行为；鸡群平均典型就巢次数为0.43次，群体平均就巢时间为12.3天（0～96天）；超过30％的母鸡表现出典型就巢行为，其平均就巢持续时间约为29天。     

Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P < 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P < 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P < 0.0001), standing (P < 0.001), and sitting (P < 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P < 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.     

Behavioural and Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Responses of Tethered Cows or Cows Kept in Pens with Slatted Floors

Abstract

The objective was to examine behavioural and physiological reactions of cows in pens with slatted floors, when pretreatment was tethering in stalls. Ten cows were kept tethered (C), whereas 10 other cows were kept loose in pens with slatted flooring (S). Cow behaviour was observed prior to treatment, and after 4 and 8 weeks, and behaviour in two open-field tests was recorded. Serial plasma concentrations of ACTH and cortisol were measured on day 23 during a 7.5 h period. On d 24, cortisol response was measured in serial samples drawn 0.5 h prior to and for 5 h after intravenous ACTH administration. S-cows showed reduced lying duration and frequency and spent less time exploring and more time immobile in the first test. S-cows showed a slightly increased response to ACTH-injection, otherwise pituitary-adrenal axis reactions did not differ between treatment groups.     

Effects of high electrolyte contents in the diet and using floor heating on development and severity of foot pad dermatitis in young turkeys

Foot pad dermatitis (FPD) is a very common disease affecting poultry and is mostly caused by bad litter condition. This study aimed to test the effects of poultry diets with normal levels of electrolytes compared with a surplus level of electrolytes with and without using floor heating. Eighty two‐week‐old ♀ turkey poults were reared over 3 weeks on wood shavings, divided randomly into four groups. Two groups were fed normal levels of electrolytes (1.60 g Na; 7.80 g K/kg diet), and the other two groups were fed surplus levels of electrolytes (3.10; 15.3 g/kg diet). In each dietary treatment, half of the birds were exposed to floor heating. Half of the birds in each group were exposed for 4 h/day to wet litter (35% water) in adjacent separate boxes. External assessment of foot pads was performed weekly. High dietary electrolytes increased the severity of FPD significantly (3.65 ± 1.03). Floor heating is likely to be highly effective in significantly reducing the severity of FPD (2.36 ± 0.588). Despite forced water intake, the litter became drier when floor heating was in use. Combining low Na and K levels with a floor heating system reduced the scores of FPD by approximately 60%, compared with high electrolyte levels without floor heating. Therefore, both dietary electrolyte levels and floor heating markedly affected FPD via litter moisture.     

北京地区发酵床养猪方式冬夏季环境状况测试与分析

本试验在冬、夏两季选取北京某猪场有窗密闭式和塑料大棚式2种样式、漏缝地板和发酵床2种地面形式的育肥猪舍进行环境监测,综合评价不同季节、不同建筑样式下发酵床在减少猪舍有害气体、调节温湿度等方面的效果。结果表明:冬季用简易热风炉供暖的有窗密闭漏缝地板猪舍日平均温度、氨气和硫化氢的浓度与不供暖的有窗密闭发酵床舍无显著差异(P>0.05),但发酵床舍二氧化碳含量较高(P<0.05),夏季时,发酵床能显著降低舍内氨气和硫化氢浓度(P<0.05),但床面日平均温度、猪舍空气日平均温度和日最高温度均极显著地高于有窗密闭漏缝地板舍(P<0.01),猪的增重明显低于漏缝地板舍,大棚式发酵床舍空气日平均温度和日最高温度又显著高于有窗密闭发酵床舍(P<0.05),有窗密闭发酵床舍又显著高于有窗实体地面舍(P<0.05)。因此,做好冬,夏季发酵床的管理以及选择与发酵床相配套的猪舍类型和环境调控措施非常关键。     

地面类型和玩具对生长猪应激水平和种属行为的影响

本试验旨在研究地面类型和玩具对生长猪应激水平和舒适行为的影响。选用平均体质量为(26.22±1.17)kg的生长母猪(大白♂×长白♀)432头,随机等分成冷地面、冷地面+玩具、加热地面、加热地面+玩具4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18头猪,1圈为1个重复,试验期为35 d。试验期间,采集血样测定肌酸激酶、血糖浓度以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(N/L);采集唾液测定皮质醇浓度,并对猪的行为进行录像。结果表明:①加热地面与冷地面相比显著降低了血糖(Glu)水平(P=0.02),玩具显著降低了嗜中性粒细胞的数量(P=0.03)和嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(N/L)(P=0.04)。试验前期和后期加热地面上饲养的猪皮质醇浓度显著降低(P0.01,P=0.04)。②加热地面与冷地面相比,显著增加了试验全期猪的舒适行为(P=0.01)、探究行为(P=0.02)和侧卧行为(P0.01)的发生频率。玩具显著增加了猪的舒适行为(P=0.02)和玩耍行为(P=0.04)的发生频率。由本试验得出,加热地面和玩具均可以增加猪种属行为的表达,减少应激,改善其福利。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对地面平养和笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及血液指标的影响

选择240只1日龄新生罗斯308(ROSS 308)肉鸡分成4个处理组,用于研究枯草芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂对地面平养和笼养肉仔鸡的生长性能、养分利用率及血液生化指标等的影响。处理组1和处理组2肉仔鸡日粮添加抗生素金霉素,处理组3和处理组4肉仔鸡日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌饲料添加剂;同时,处理组1和处理组3肉仔鸡地面平养,处理组2和处理组4肉仔鸡采用笼养,试验周期21 d。试验结果显示:平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白和代谢能的表观利用率等指标,处理组4显著优于(P<0.05)处理组1,处理组2和处理组3之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。肉仔鸡血清白蛋白浓度指标,处理组4和处理组2之间无显著差异(P>0.05),且显著大于(P<0.05)处理组1。本试验证明,无论是传统的肉鸡地面平养方式还是现代的规模化肉鸡笼养方式,添加微生态制剂枯草芽孢杆菌,可有效替代饲用抗生素,改善肉仔鸡生长性能,其作用机理主要是提高饲料蛋白质的消化利用率。