球孢白僵菌与两种昆虫生长调节剂对甜菜夜蛾的联合作用

本文研究了球孢白僵菌与昆虫生长调节剂甲氧虫酰肼及氟铃脲对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的联合毒力,结果表明两种昆虫生长调节剂和白僵菌混用增效作用明显。昆虫生长调节剂(浓度均为致死中浓度,甲氧酰肼25×10-6 g/L,氟铃脲1000×10-6 g/L与球孢白僵菌8.0×107孢子/m L混合使用,体积比4:1时效果最佳,共毒系数甲氧虫酰肼与白僵菌为285,氟铃脲与白僵菌为208。死虫保湿后,95%长出了白僵菌菌丝,甚至可产生孢子;采用扫描电镜对昆虫体壁纵切面进行观察,各处理组甜菜夜蛾幼虫体壁有明显不同。     

昆虫生长调节剂和绿僵菌对意大利蝗几丁质酶活力的影响

[目的]探明3种昆虫生长调节剂(苯氧威、氟虫脲、灭幼脲)和一种生物农药(绿僵菌189菌株)对意大利蝗3龄蝗蝻几丁质酶活力的影响.[方法]用药剂处理3龄意大利蝗蝗蝻,用分光光度法测定几丁质酶分解几丁质产物N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的含量.[结果]3种昆虫生长调节剂浓度达到50mg/L时对几丁质酶的抑制作用超过200％;绿僵菌189菌株对意大利蝗几丁质酶活力也有一定程度的抑制,且抑制作用随着孢子浓度的增加而增大,当孢子浓度达到5×107时,意大利蝗几丁质酶的活力仅为3.8U.[结论]昆虫生长调节剂和绿僵菌均抑制意大利蝗几丁质酶活力.     

日本批准MAI的双苯氟脲

日本已经批准MAI的昆虫生长调节剂双苯氟脲，可用于西红柿、大白菜和茄子。该有效成分以商品名Counter(双苯氟脲10％)由SDS Biotech销售。乳油用量25—50gai／ha。     

四种昆虫生长调节剂在温室条件下对桃蚜的效应

温室内的桃蚜Myzus persicae(Suz.)自然种群对杀虫剂有着抗性,虽可采用新杀虫剂类型或交替用药进行控制,但仍需探索新的杀虫途径。作者曾报道了不同的昆虫生长调节剂对包括桃蚜在内的至少8种蚜虫有不利的影响;不久前,作者在威斯康星州的温室内进行了试验,测定了四种昆虫生长调节剂对桃蚜的效应。     

二芳酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂商品化品种的特点简介

蜕皮激素(molting hormore，MH)是由昆虫前胸腺分泌的一种甾类激素，对昆虫蜕皮行为及蜕皮后的发育起调控作用。蜕皮激素及其类似物曾被考虑用作杀虫剂，但是由于其结构复杂，提取、合成成本太高；而分子体积大、亲水性强等特点又使其不易渗透昆虫表皮；而且昆虫已具有很强的分解代谢甾类结构的能力，使其迅速失去杀虫活性，上述原因使其不能实现田间应用。1988年Rohm and Hass公司的科学家们发现二芳酰肼类化合物RH-5849(图1)能引起受试昆虫早熟、不完全、致死性蜕皮，诞生了一类新的昆虫生长调节剂——蜕皮激素拮抗剂，使蜕皮激素类似物走向了实用化。     

4种昆虫生长调节剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂作用的试验研究

为了检验几种昆虫生长调节剂：１５％Ｎｏｍｏｌｔ（ｔｅｆｌｕｂｅｎｚｕｒｏｎ，农梦特）、５％ＩＫＩ－７８９９（ｃｈｌｏｒｆｌｕａｚｕｒｏｎ，抑太保）、５％Ａｌｓｙｓｔｉｎ（ｔｒｉｆｌｕｍｕｒｏｎ）、２５％灭幼脲Ⅲ号对松毛虫赤眼蜂（ＴｒｉｃｈｏｇｒａｍｍａｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｉＭａｔｓｕｍｕｒａ）有无不利影响，１９９１年和１９９２年在室内，分别以不同浓度在寄主卵被寄生前、后，以及处于羽化盛期的松毛虫赤眼蜂成虫期进行施药处理，以不施药的为对照，然后将各处理及其对照放入人工气候箱饲养观察；再以受过药剂处理的松毛虫赤眼蜂作为蜂种，再次接蜂以检验其子代的繁殖力及成虫寿命，结果证明该４种昆虫生长调节剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂及其子代都很安全。     

近年来美国登记的生物农药品种

生物农药是指从动物、植物、细菌或矿物质等天然物质中衍生出来的某些农药。美国环保局（EPA）把生物农药分为三类：一是生化农药,以天然的或人工合成的物质作为有效成分,这些物质不是利用毒性的机制控制害虫,一般包括半合成化学品（干扰交配的昆虫性信息素和益他性外激素）、天然的植物生长调节剂和昆虫生长调节剂、天然产生的驱避剂和引诱剂（带有香味可以引诱害虫的植物提取物）、酶等。     

武汉地区小菜蛾田间抗药性监测

武汉地区小菜蛾田间抗药性监测朱树勋，司升云吴世雄（武汉市蔬菜科学研究所４３００６５）（农业部农药检定所）武汉地区小菜蛾ＰｌｕｔｅｌｌａｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａＬ．对卡死　克等昆虫生长调节剂已产生抗性，对有机磷、菊　酯类农药处于高抗水平，为此，作者进行了小...     

双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂的开发应用进展

昆虫生长调节剂是指能干扰昆虫的正常生理功能,阻止正常的变态、抑制取食、发育受阻,使幼虫不能变蛹或蛹(若虫)不能变为成虫,形成没有生命力或不能繁殖的畸型个体的一类药剂,又叫特异性杀虫剂.     

农药基本知识(一)

农药 :指防治为害农、林、牧业及其产品和环境卫生等方面的昆虫、螨、病菌、杂草、鼠和鸟兽等有害生物的药剂及能调节植物生长的药剂。1　农药的分类1.1　按防治对象分类1.1.1　杀虫剂　杀卵剂、杀幼虫剂、杀蚜剂、杀蚊剂、杀蠹剂。1.1.2　杀螨剂1.1.3　特异性昆虫控制剂　 (1)忌避剂 ;(2 )引诱剂、外激素 ;(3)拒食剂 ;(4 )不育剂 ;(5 )昆虫生长调节剂 :蜕皮激素、抗蜕皮激素、保幼激素、抗保幼激素。1.1.4　杀菌剂　杀细菌剂、抗菌素。1.1.5　杀线虫剂1.1.6　除草剂1 .1.7　植物生长调节剂或植物激素1.1.8　杀鼠剂1.1.9　杀软体动物剂1.2　…     

Sterols that modify moulting in insects

The development of insects is under the control of a steroid hormone, ecdysone. This paper reviews suicide substrate type inactivators designed to inhibit the biosynthesis of ecdysone. Several series of acetylenic derivatives of cholesterol were synthesized and their biological effects on the prothoracic glands of the locust were investigated in vitro, enabling structure-activity relationships to be studied. Information on the ability of brassinosteroids, a series of plant growth regulators, to inhibit ecdysteroid activities of insects is discussed as a precursor to a study of brassinosteroid ecdysone mimics.     

Mode of action of insect growth regulators in lepidopteran tissue culture

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) have been proposed as agents for the control of insect pests. These compounds disrupt the normal development of insects by mimicking juvenile hormone and the molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdsyone, or by interfering with chitin synthesis. The effectiveness and selectivity of IGRs provide new tools for integrated pest management. The simultaneous advances in the chemistry of IGRs and the ability to study insect tissues in culture, have led to research on the mode of action of IGRs in vitro. Plodia interpunctella and Spodoptera frugiperda have been used to examine the effects of IGRs on wing imaginal discs in organ culture, as well as in hormonally responsive cell lines established from wing imaginal discs of these species. Our research has focused on the action of ecdysteroid mimics, chitin synthesis inhibitors and juvenile hormone mimics. The effects of the IGRs on chitin synthesis, uptake of amino-sugars, and cellular proliferation were studied in tissue culture. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using organ cultures and hormonally responsive cell lines for investigating IGRs at the cellular and tissue level. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

国内外植物生长调节剂限量标准分析研究

植物生长调节剂是一类具有植物激素活性的人工合成农药,可用于改善作物品质和调节生长。近年来,调节剂的滥用及使用不当导致的食品安全问题与日俱增,以及以农药残留限量标准为中心的各种贸易技术壁垒,已成为严重制约我国农副产品出口的瓶颈。因此,加强对调节剂残留限量标准的分析和跟踪研究十分必要。本文对国内外植物生长调节剂限量标准进行了综述,并对果蔬中常用植物生长调节剂限量标准进行了总结,以期为开展植物生长调节剂的限量制定和研究提供参考。     

Identification of novel juvenile-hormone signaling activators via high-throughput screening with a chemical library

Juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect-specific hormone that regulates molting and metamorphosis. Hence, JH signaling inhibitors (JHSIs) and activators (JHSAs) can be used as effective insect growth regulators (IGRs) for pest management. In our previous study, we established a high-throughput screening (HTS) system for exploration of novel JHSIs and JHSAs using a Bombyx mori cell line (BmN_JF&AR cells) and succeeded in identifying novel JHSIs from a chemical library. Here, we searched for novel JHSAs using this system. The four-step HTS yielded 10 compounds as candidate JHSAs; some of these compounds showed novel basic structures, whereas the others were composed of a 4-phenoxyphenoxymethyl skeleton, the basic structure of several existing JH analogs (pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb). Topical application of seven compounds to B. mori larvae significantly prolonged the larval period, suggesting that the identified JHSAs may be promising IGRs targeting the JH signaling pathway.     

昆虫神经肽抑咽侧体素及其类似物的研究进展

抑咽侧体素 (ASTs) 是一类由昆虫脑神经细胞分泌,通过作用于咽侧体进而抑制保幼激素 (JH) 合成与释放的昆虫神经肽。因其具有调控昆虫生长、发育和生殖等生理过程的功能,被认为是一类潜在的害虫控制剂。本文在简介了昆虫神经肽在害虫防治中的应用基础上,综述了昆虫神经肽抑咽侧体素的发现、类别和功能,并结合本研究组的工作,重点介绍抑咽侧体素及其类似物的结构修饰和优化、活性构象及构效关系研究,同时也介绍了抑咽侧体素及其类似物的受体和作用机制研究进展。最后,展望了该领域的未来发展趋势,期望为新的生态友好型农药的研发提供一定的参考作用。     

植物生长调节剂对烟草生长发育及钾素吸收与分配影响研究

通过盆栽试验,采用不同钾素水平,在烟草植株打顶后夹吸不同的植物生长调节剂对烟草生长发育进行研究。研究表明,不同钾水平对烟草植株的株高、最大叶面积、根体积、倒二叶叶面积均没有显著的促进作用,但是能够显著增加根鲜重,而烟株打顶后夹吸生长调节剂能显著地促进烟草植株的株高、最大叶面积、根体积、根鲜重、倒二叶叶面积的增长。同时,植物生长调节剂能明显提高不同部位烟叶中的钾含量和各部位钾素的积累量,促进钾素从根、茎部向叶部的转移,显著提高烟草的品质,其中表油菜素内酯(BR)与赤霉素(GA3)处理效果最为明显。     

枣疯病植原体侵染对枣树叶绿素含量的影响

为明确枣疯病植原体侵染对枣树叶绿素含量的影响,本研究以田间‘赞皇大枣,健树和患枣疯病病树以及‘婆枣’枣疯病组培苗为材料,测定了健叶、病叶以及不同浓度生长调节剂处理后组培苗叶片的叶绿素含量.结果表明,在田间条件下枣疯病病树叶片的叶绿素a、b含量及叶绿素a/b值显著低于健康叶片;在培养基中添加IBA、6-BA可提高枣疯病组培苗叶片叶绿素a、b含量,明显改善患病组培苗的光合作用,但随着继代时间延长,这种影响逐渐消失.此结果表明枣疯病植原体、激素代谢及叶绿素合成之间存在密切联系.     

不同化学及营养调控措施配合对旱地冬小麦生长及产量的影响

黄土高原南部旱作区,田间试验不同化学及营养调控措施对小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,施氮可以明显促进小麦分蘖,使用植物生长调节剂及其与微量元素(MnSO4)配合对小麦分蘖有促进,其中以多效唑及其与MnSO4配合处理较为突出;多效唑处理降低了小麦株高。植物生长调节剂及其与MnSO4配合增加了小麦叶面积和叶片的SPAD值,其中多效唑 MnSO4 甜菜碱处理的叶面积及SPAD值的增加尤为突出。采用多效唑、MnSO4和甜菜碱以及多效唑和MnSO4配合显著提高了小麦产量,较清水对照产量分别提高了1 014.7kg/hm2和640.5 kg/hm2。说明不同的化学及营养调控措施可以有效地调节小麦生长,提高作物产量。     

Present Status of Research on Insect Growth Regulators for the Protection of Stored Grain1

Two insect growth regulators of the juvenile hormone type, namely 6,7-epoxy-3-ethyl-(p-ethylphenoxy)-7-methylnonane, cis/trans mixture (compound A) and 6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-[3,4-(methylendioxy)-phenoxy]-2-nonene (compound B) have been tested for their persistence when treated on stored grain. The interim results of this trial showed inhibition of adult emergence of Ephestia kühniella Zell., Plodia interpunctella Hübn., Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Rhyzopertha dominica F. even 8 months after treatment. The gas-chromatography residue determination of compound A showed a reduction of 27 % of the original concentration within 8 months. No effect of compound A on the endosperm of the grain or taste of flour and bread could be found in the Bakery School in Lucerne.     

Transporter-mediated ecdysteroid trafficking across cell membranes: A novel target for insect growth regulators

Ecdysteroids are a class of steroid hormones in arthropods that control molting and metamorphosis through interaction with intracellular nuclear receptors. In contrast to the extensive literature describing their biosynthetic pathways and signaling components, little has been known about how these hormones are traveling into and out of the cells through lipid bilayers of the cell membranes. Recently, a series of studies conducted in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster revealed that membrane transporters have critical functions in trafficking ecdysteroids across cell membranes, challenging the classical simple diffusion model of steroid hormone transport. Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of membrane transporters involved in ecdysteroid signaling in Drosophila, with particular focus on Ecdysone Importer (EcI) that is involved in ecdysteroid uptake in peripheral tissues. We then discuss the potential advantage of EcI blockers as a novel pest management tool as compared to classical insect growth regulators.