温度对大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)幼苗叶片的光合影响(英文)

本文研究了大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)一年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的CO2反应曲线。结果表明:在大气CO2浓度下,叶片的最佳光合作用温度在25-31℃之间,而在饱和CO2浓度下为31-35℃。在25℃以下光合速率开始降低,主要是由于羧化效率的降低,而当温度超过31℃时,光合速率下降,是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加。CO2浓度对光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制,这意味着未来在CO2浓度增高的情况下,高浓度的CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下表现不十分明显。图4参23。     

南召宝天曼生境下山茱萸光合生理生态特性研究

在完全自然生长不离体的情况下,利用Li-6400测定南召宝天曼生境下山茱萸7月份的光合生理生态指标.结果表明;山茱萸净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,具有光合"午休"现象且由非气孔限制因素所致;山茱萸净光合速率与叶片气孔导度、胞间C02浓度、气孔限制值呈线性相关,与光合有效辐射呈二次抛物线型相关,与其它生理生态因子之间没有直接的显著相关,但逐步回归多元统计分析显示利用叶片气孔导度和叶片温度二因子预测山茱萸净光合速率精度较高;在叶温28C和空气CO2浓度360μmol·tool-1条件下,山茱萸净光合速率随光合有效辐射的增强而提高,光补偿点和光饱和点分别为25 μmol·m-2·s-1、1000μmol·m-2·s1,在此条件下,净光合速率与蒸腾速率和叶片气孔导度没有显著的相关关系．但与胞间CO2浓度呈二次抛物线璎显著相关;在叶温28C和光合有效辐射900 μmol·m-2·s-1条件下,净光合速率随着CO2浓度的增加而提高,CO2补偿点和CO2饱和点分别为100μmol·mol-1、1400μmol·mol-1此条件下净光合速率与蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度均星对数曲线显著正相关.     

云南松与华山松人工混交林针叶光合速率对光及CO2浓度的响应特征

采用Licor-6400型便携式光合作用测定系统测定了人工混交林中云南松、华山松光合作用对光、CO2浓度的响应曲线,阐述了云南松、华山松光合作用对光和CO2浓度的响应特征.结果表明:云南松、华山松光合速率随光强或CO2浓度的提高而增大,均可用非直角双曲线拟合,并得出一些光合响应特征参数,两树种间差异显著(P＜0.05);云南松、华山松具有较高的光饱和点(LSP)和补偿点(LCP),表现为典型的喜阳性特点,具有较强的光能利用能力.在CO2饱和下,云南松、华山松最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别可达14.768、10.289 μmol·m-2·s-1,与光饱和下相比,最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别提高了56.9%和62.0%.与华山松及几个北方针叶树相比,云南松具有较高的光饱和点、最大净光合速率、RuBP羧化效率(CE)、光呼吸速率(却)、CO2饱和点(CSP),以及较低的暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点、CO2补偿点(CCP),云南松具有高光效和高CO2利用率等光合特性,属于高光能生产潜力的针叶树种.     

低温胁迫条件下白玉兰与紫叶李光合生理特性研究

为丰富我国北方地区春季园林景观,选育抗寒性较强的早春开花植物品种,以白玉兰和紫叶李2种北方地区典型的早春开花植物为研究对象,设置4个温度梯度,通过LI-6400人工控制光强和CO_2浓度测定相关光合生理参数,对不同低温胁迫状态下白玉兰和紫叶李叶片的光合生理响应曲线进行拟合,并结合叶绿素荧光参数分析叶片的光合能力和抗寒性。结果表明:对照处理条件下,白玉兰的光饱和最大净光合速率(PLmax)、CO_2饱和最大净光合速率(PCmax)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)、潜在活性(Fv/F0)、羧化效率(CCE)等指标分别比紫叶李高17.85%、16.47%、3.80%、55.81%、52.27%、21.82%,并且二者各项指标均随胁迫温度的降低呈下降趋势,到0℃时白玉兰和紫叶李的CO_2饱和最大净光合速率分别下降了65.47%、73.77%,白玉兰的下降幅度较小;对照处理条件下,表观量子效率(AQY)表现为白玉兰低于紫叶李,但温度降到0℃时,白玉兰的表观量子效率是紫叶李的1.33倍,说明在寒冷环境中白玉兰利用弱光进行光合作用的能力高于紫叶李,其抗寒性较强。     

不同品种红花檵木光合特性的比较分析

在同一自然环境下,对不同品种红花檵木的叶片光合特性进行研究。结果表明:3种红花檵木玫红尖叶青、冬艳紫红和大叶玫红的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均呈双峰曲线,气孔导度均呈单峰曲线,胞间CO2浓度均呈单谷曲线,Pn日均值为,玫红尖叶青冬艳紫红大叶玫红;玫红尖叶青的光补偿点、光饱和点、CO2饱和点、表观量子效率和羧化效率要高于其他2种红花檵木,而CO2补偿点则正好相反;在光合色素的比较方面,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b、叶绿素(a+b)和类胡萝卜素含量为:玫红尖叶青冬艳紫红大叶玫红;而在类胡萝卜素/叶绿素和花色素苷含量则正好相反。     

不同CO2 浓度对4个桤木品系光合特性的影响

对H1、H12、J5和J10 4个桤木品系苗期在不同CO2浓度条件下的光合生理生态特性进行了研究,结果表明:随着CO2浓度的增加,4个桤木品系净光合速率呈上升趋势,其CO2补偿点为39～154 μmol·mol-1,CO2饱和点为800～2 000 μmol·mol-1,净光合速率最大值Pm以6月份最高,10月份最低;羧化效率(CE)介于0.001 5～0.051 5之间,H1、H12在7月份有较大的CE;4个桤木品系蒸腾速率(Tr)下降、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)上升,气孔导度(Cond)下降,光合特征值在10月份最低,可能是10月初突然降温、秋天干旱等对桤木生长有影响;叶面饱和蒸气压亏缺(Vp)随着CO2浓度的增加缓慢上升,增加幅度不大.     

温室效应与植物光合作用——大气CO_2浓度升高对植物光合机理影响的分析

比较分析了植物光合同化 CO2 速率、Rubisco活性等性状对长期和短期高浓度 CO2 的反应 .结果表明 :所研究的植物在高浓度 CO2 下生长 ,可以长期保持高的 CO2 同化速率 ;长期在高浓度 CO2 下生长植物的光合速率增加有两个来源 ,其一 ,是 CO2 浓度增加而增加的底物浓度效应 (Δ Pc) ,它的大小随外界短期 CO2 浓度改变而改变 ,其二 ,是植物光合系统结构改变而提高光合能量转换或是电子传递效率所产生的光合速率增加 (ΔPs) ,它的大小不随外界短期 CO2 浓度变化而改变。植物光合速率对大气 CO2 浓度升高的增加量是上述两者之和     

紫荆光合日进程及光响应

自然条件下使用LCA-4型便携式光合测定系统研究了紫荆连体叶片的光合日变化及光响应。结果表明:(1)净光合速率的日进程曲线呈“双峰”型,胞间CO2浓度的日进程基本与净光合速率相反,中午胞间CO2浓度增高,表明净光合速率午间降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。暗呼吸速率日进程为单峰曲线,中午最高。气孔阻力的日变化曲线是单谷型,午间最低。(2)一天分时段光响应试验表明,饱和光强和表观量子效率上午最高,中午最低,下午有所上升。下午的光补偿点是上午的2倍,中午则是上午的近3倍。不同时段遮光都使得气孔阻力和胞间CO2浓度升高。     

3个木通品种光合特性的比较

为了筛选高光效的木通品种,为木通引种栽培提供理论依据,利用Li-6400xt便携式光合仪对3个木通品种(木通、三叶木通、白木通)的光合参数和叶绿素含量进行测定,分析了其光合-光响应曲线及CO2响应曲线,比较了3个品种之间光合特性的差异。结果表明,木通的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、叶绿素含量、最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、羧化效率(CE)均高于三叶木通和白木通,且差异显著(P0.05);木通的水分利用效率(WUE)、光补偿点(LCP)、表观量子效(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、CO2饱和点和CO2补偿点均低于三叶木通和白木通;3个木通品种的光合效率由高到低的顺序为木通、三叶木通、白木通。     

胶东卫矛光合速率日变化及其影响因子研究

以胶东卫矛为材料,在晴天少云的适宜条件下测定其叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等的日变化.结果表明: 胶东卫矛在向阳条件下光合日变化曲线为双峰型,有明显的光合午休现象.胶东卫矛的光合速率与光合有效辐射、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度密切相关,同时受大气温度和湿度的影响.     

A study on the shade tolerance ofMuehlewbeckia complera

Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹). After 40 days in experimental areas, leaf photosynthentic characteristics indexes ofM. complera in different photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) were measured with LI-COR6400 apparatus, such as the light compensation point, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthesis rate, at the same time, the increments of total leaf area and leaf amount were measured. The results showed that the optimum light intensity range forM. complera was from 9.26 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ to 569.00 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (463–28150 lx, relative humidity (RH) for 46–60%, temperature at 16–22°C). Under this condition, leaf photosynthetic efficiency was tiptop. AlthoughM. complera belonged to the moderate sun-adaptation plant species, the plant growth was inhibited when PAR increased to the level of 569.000 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ or above.M. complera could sprout new leaves in photosynthesis active radiation of 0.16–19.22 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (8–961 lx), or 10 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for above 6 h. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Northeast Forestry University. Biography: YUE Hua (1962-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Stomatal response ofPinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO2 concentrations during the four years of exposure

Four-year-oldPinus sylvestriformis were exposed for four growing seasons in open top chambers to ambient CO₂ concentration (approx. 350 μmol·mol⁻¹) and high CO₂ concentrations (500 and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) at Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences at Antu Town, Jilin Province, China (42°N, 128°E). Stomatal response to elevated CO₂ concentrations was examined by stomatal conductance (g _s), ratio of intercellular to ambient CO₂ concentration (c _i/c _a) and stomatal number. Reciprocal transfer experiments of stomatal conductance showed that stomatal conductance in high-[CO₂]-grown plants increased in comparison with ambient-[CO₂]-grown plants when measured at their respective growth CO₂ concentration and at the same measurement CO₂ concentration (except a reduction in 700 μmol·mol⁻¹ CO₂. grown plants compared with plants on unchambered field when measured at growth CO₂ concentration and 350 μmol·mol⁻¹CO₂). High-[CO₂]-grown plants exhibited lowerc _i/c _a ratios than ambient-[CO₂]-grown plants when measured at their respective growth CO₂ concentration. However,c _i/c _a ratios increased for plants grown in high CO₂ concentrations compared with control plants when measured at the same CO₂ concentration. There was no significant difference in stomatal number per unit long needle between elevated and ambient CO₂. However, elevated CO₂ concentrations reduced the total stomatal number of whole needle by the decline of stomatal line and changed the allocation pattern of stomata between upper and lower surface of needle. Foundation Item: This research was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2002CB412502), Project of Key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90411020) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30400051). Biography: ZHOU Yu-mei (1973-), female, Ph. Doctor, assistant research fellow, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

白桦光合特性的研究

测定了3年生白桦的光合与呼吸作用对温度,湿度以及CO2浓度的响应;还测定了光补偿点,光饱和点和CO2补偿点。结果表明:在目前的空气CO2浓度下,光合和呼吸作用的最适温度分别是24℃和30℃;当相对湿度是80%时,白桦能维持较强的光合作用;呼吸作用与相对湿度无明显的相关性;光补偿点和光饱和点分别是25 molm-2s-1和1375 祄olm-2s-1;CO2补偿点是180 礚L-1;白桦在CO2浓度为2400 礚L-1时仍有吸收潜力。图4参19。     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on photosynthesis, dark respiration and RuBPcase activity of three species seedlings in Changbai Mountain

Two-year-old seedlings ofPinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestriformis andFraxinus mandshurica were treated in open-top chambers with elevated CO₂ concentrations (700 μL·L⁻¹, 500 μL·L⁻¹) and ambient CO₂ concentrations (350 μL·L⁻¹) in Changbai Mountain from June to Sept. in 1999 and 2001. The net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration rate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxlase (RuBPcase) activity, and chlorophyll content were analyzed. The results indicated the RuBPcase activity of the three species seedlings increased at elevated CO₂ concentrations. The elevated CO₂ concentrations stimulated the net photosynthetic rates of three tree species exceptP. sylvestriformis grown under 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ concentration. The dark respiration rates ofP. koraiensis andP. sylvestriformis increased under concentration of 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂, out that ofF. mandshurica decreased under both concentrations 700 μL·L⁻¹ and 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. The seedlings ofF. mandshurica decreased in chlorophyll contents at elevated CO₂ concentrations. Foundation item: This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070158). Knowledge Innovation Item of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-406) and “Hundred Scientists” Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: Zhou Yu-mei (1973-) Ph. Doctor, Assistant Research fellow Institute of Applied Ecology. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shenyang 110016. P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Ecophysiological responses and carbon distribution ofPinus koraiensis seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide

The net CO₂ assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, RuBPcase (ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylose) activity, dry weight of aboveground and belowgroud part, plant height, the length and diameter of taproot ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured and analyzed after six-week exposure to elevated CO₂ in an open-top chamber in Changbai Mountain of China from May to Oct. 1999. Seedlings were planted in four different conditions: on an open site, control chamber, 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ chambers. The results showed that the total biomass of the seedlings increased whereas stomatal conductance decreased. The physiological responses and growth to 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ varied greatly. The acclimation of photosynthesis was downward to 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ but upward to 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. The RuBPcase activity, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents of the seedlings grown at 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ were higher than that at 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. The concentration 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ enhanced the growth of aboveground part whereas 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ allocated more carbon to belowground part. Elevated CO₂ changed the carbon distribution pattern. The ecophysiological responses were significantly different between plants grown under 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: HAN Shi-jie (1956-), male, Ph. Doctor, Professor in Laboratory of Ecological Process of Trace Substance in Terrestrial Ecosystem, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Photosynthetic induction responses of Pinus koraiensis seedlings grown in different light environments

The time processes of photosynthetic induction responses to various irradiances in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings grown in open-light environments and in understory of forest were studied in an area near the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Jilin Province, China from July 15 to August 5, 1997. The results showed that at 200 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and 500 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD, the induction time for the photosynthetic rates of understory-grown seedlings to reach 50% and 90% steady-state net photosynthetic rates was longer than that of the open-grown seedlings. The induction responses of open-growth seedlings at 500 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD were slower than those at 200 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD, but it was the very reverse for understory-growth seedlings, which indicates that the photosynthetic induction times of Korean pine seedlings grown in the understory depended on the sunfleck intensity. Biograph: ZHOU Yong-bin (1970-), female, associate professor of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Photosynthetic response ofPinus sylvestriformis to elevated carbon dioxide and its influential factor analysis

The photosynthetic response of 12-year oldPinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO₂ and its influential factors were tested and analyzed in the forest region of Changbai Mountain in 1999. Trees grown at the natural condition were controlled at three levels of CO₂ concentration (350 μL·L⁻¹, 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹) by CO₂ rich settlement designed by us. Net photosynthetic rates (NPR), temperature, relative humidity, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were measured at 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours a day. Experimental results showed that the NPR ofPinus sylvestriformis increased by 32.6% and 123.0% at 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ concentration respectively, compared to ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration (350 μL·L⁻¹). The relations between NPR and influential factors, including temperature, relative humidity, intercellular CO₂ concentration and photosynthetic active radiation, were analyzed respectively by regression analysis at different CO₂ concentrations. Foundation Item: This project was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: WANG Chen-rui (1970-), male, Assistant Research Fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

The contribution of root respiration of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> seedlings to total soil respiration under elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations

The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (500 μmol·mol⁻¹ and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO₂, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO₂ flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration. Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158). Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

外源糖溶液和高浓度CO2处理对白桦叶片糖和蛋白质含量的影响

3年生白桦同时接受3种外源糖溶液(蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖)和3种高浓度CO2(700、1400、2100μL·μL-1CO2)处理.处理1个月后,测定了叶片的总糖、蔗糖、果糖和蛋白质含量.结果表明:在700μL·L-1和1400μL·L-1 CO2下,外源糖溶液增加了叶片的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,其中外源蔗糖的效果最好:外源糖溶液与2100μL·L-1CO2结合,会抑制叶片积累总糖和蛋白质:在700μL·L-1和1400μL·L-1CO2下,喷施葡萄糖、果糖的叶片在蛋白质含量上没有明显差别:同700、1400μL·L-1CO2相比,除喷施果糖植株外,2100μL·L-1 CO2明显增加了叶片的总糖、蔗糖、果糖和蛋白质含量:在喷施同种外源糖溶液的情况下,叶片的糖含量与CO2浓度呈正相关性.图6参7.     

Response of seedlings of different tree species to elevated C02 in Changbai Mountain

Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species,Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica andAcer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO₂ were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998–1999). Two concentrations of CO₂ were designed: elevated CO₂ (700 μmol·mol⁻¹) and ambient CO₂ (400 μmol·mol⁻¹). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO₂ increased by about 10%–40% compared to those grown at ambient CO₂. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO₂ varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO₂ than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO₂. Foundation item: The project was supported by National Key Basic Development of China (G1999043400) and the grant KZCX 406-4, KZCX1 SW-01 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Biography: WANG Miao (1964-), maie, associate professor in Institute of applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan