竹荪深层发酵菌丝体多糖对小麦免疫功能及抗肿瘤活性的影响

通过竹荪深层发酵菌丝体多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖，白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）的诱生及Ｓ－１８０肿瘤的作用实验，证实其发酵菌丝体多糖可明显提高小鼠淋马细胞数量；对ＩＬ－２诱生作用极为明显；对小鼠Ｓ－１８０实体肿瘤的抑瘤率为５８．９％。     

羧甲茯苓多糖促诱生细胞因子的研究

羧甲基茯苓多糖１２．５－１００μｇ／ｍｌ对Ｎａｍａｌｗａ类淋巴细胞、Ｓ８０１和Ｓ７８１１白血病细胞促诱生干扰素－ａ效价比常规诱生高１０－２０倍；１０μｇ／ｍｌ对人血淋巴细胞促诱生干扰素－ｒ效价比常规诱生高８倍；１００μｇ／ｍｌ对人血淋巴细胞促诱生细胞介素－２效价可以达到２５００ＩＵ／display status     

灵芝含氮多糖对动物机体红细胞内SOD活性的影响

本文研究了人工培养灵芝菌丝体会氮多糖对动物机体红细胞内ＳＯＤ活性的影响。结果表明，灵芝含氯多糖连续灌胃１０天，对小白鼠（４％灵芝含氮多糖溶液０．５ｍｌ／只·天）红细胞内ＳＯＤ的活性有明显的增强作用（ＰＯ＜０，００１）。     

3.2%爱福丁混剂防治梨壁虱田间试验研究

经田间试验证明：３２％爱福丁混剂可有效地防治梨壁虱（Ｅｐｉｔｒｉｍｅｒｕｓｐｙｒｉ）的为害。在３种施药浓度间无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）。施药后１～７天内３２％爱福丁混剂略好于０９％爱福丁单剂和常规化学药剂１５％达螨灵，差异极显著（Ｐ＜００１），但在试验期间各时期与清水对照相比虫口减退率均达到Ｐ＜００１的极显著差异，故３２％爱福丁混剂经济有效的施药浓度为３５００倍液，校正防效为９９％～１００％，残效期在２８天以上。     

SO2对龙眼果实的氧化作用与衰老的影响

以‘石硖’龙眼（Ｄｉｍ ｏｃａｒｐｕｓｌｏｎｇａｎ Ｌｏｕｒ．ｃｖ．Ｓｈｉｘｉａ）为试材，研究了冷藏（４ ℃）条件下，适当的ＳＯ２ 熏蒸预处理对果实氧化作用与衰老的影响。结果表明：硫处理果实，呼吸速率比对照显著降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），使果实受到不可逆抑制；果皮膜透性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量比对照明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性成倍提高，并出现新的ＳＯＤ同工酶带。贮藏效果表明：合理的ＳＯ２ 处理能够延缓果实的衰老进程，延长贮藏寿命     

裂蹄木层孔菌菌丝培养及其应用研究

我们研究了裂蹄木层孔菌菌丝培养方法。该菌菌丝体在大麦培养基上生长最好。从菌丝体中提取的粗多糖对动物进行的抗癌实验研究表明,该菌丝体粗多糖对小白鼠Ｓ－１８０及Ｌ１２１０的抑制率各达５０％,５０５％。     

鸡腿蘑对小鼠骨髓细胞的遗传毒性研究

应用小鼠骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ）及微核试验对鸡腿蘑进行遗传毒理检测。结果表明：用鸡腿蘑浸提液处理过的小鼠，其骨髓细胞微核率及ＳＣＥ频率与阴性对照组比较差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），而与阳性对照组相比，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这表明，鸡腿蘑无致畸变作用     

猴头菌液体发酵条件的研究

本文报道了猴头菌适宜的液体发酵条件及发酵培养基。结果表明：猴头菌适宜发酵条件为：培养温度２５～２８℃，培养基起始ｐＨ５０～６０，摇瓶装量１００～１２０ｍＬ／５００ｍＬ，振荡频率１５０～１８０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，种子培养时间３～４ｄ，接种量１０％～１５％。适宜的发酵培养基为：小麦粉３％，酵母粉３％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０１％，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ００５％，ＶＢ１２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ，ＶＢ２２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ。     

竹荪深层发酵产物的毒性及降血脂作用分析

竹荪深层发酵菌丝体的急毒、亚毒及降血脂动物实验表明，该产物对机体无毒性作用，可明显降低血清总胆固醇浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

金针菇WF菌株深层发酵工艺的研究

金针菇ＷＦ（Ｆｌａｍｍｎｌｉｎａｖｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓ）菌株是我们从区内收集和分离的１０个菌株中，经筛选获得的一株适合深层发酵的高产优质菌株。本文报道了适宜发酵培养基，摇瓶发酵条件，结果表明，其适宜发酵培养液，玉米２％，蔗糖２％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．３％，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１５％，适宜的摇瓶发酵条件为：培养温度２０～２２℃，培养基起始ｐＨ６．０～６．２，摇瓶转速１４０～１６０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，菌丝体干收率３．０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）为工业化生产发酵菌丝体准备了良好的条件。     

播期和密度对茎瘤芥主要经济性状的影响

为给茎瘤芥的标准化栽培技术提供依据,研究了播期和密度对茎瘤芥主要经济性状的影响。结果表明:(1)播期和密度对茎瘤芥瘤茎主要经济性状的综合效应明显。(2)播期对瘤茎的小区产量、横径有显著的正效应,对瘤茎的纵径、菜形指数有显著的负效应,对单株瘤茎产量有不明显负效应;密度对单株瘤茎重有显著的负效应,对瘤茎纵径有显著的正效应;对瘤茎小区产量、横径有不明显的负效应,对菜形指数有不明显的正效应。(3)播期和密度的交互作用显著地影响瘤茎的小区产量、单株瘤茎重、瘤茎纵径,对横径和菜形指数影响也明显。据此,建立了相应的数学模型。     

Roles of novel cannabinoid chemicals O-1602 and cannabidiol in DSS-induced mouse colitis

AIM:To investigate the roles of O-1602 and cannabidiol(CBD) in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced mouse colitis. METHODS:The model of colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by drinking water containing 4% DSS for 7 days. The model mice were treated with O-1602(5 mg/kg), CBD(1 mg/kg) or SB203580. A colitis scoring system was used to evaluate the colon local lesion, and the systemic inflammatory responses were observed by detecting the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 6(IL-6) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1(CINC-1), and the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO) in the lung tissues. The expression of G protein-coupled receptor 55(GPR55) was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry. The expression of p38 and phosphorylated p38(p-p38) in colon tissues was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS:O-1602 and CBD improved the pathological changes in the mice with DSS-induced colitis and decreased the plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CINC-1, and the activity of MPO in the lung tissues(P<0.05). Lower expression of p-p38 was observed after treatment with O-1602, CBD and SB203580(P<0.05). The expression of GPR55 was mainly in the submucosa of mouse colon tissues. CONCLUSION:O-1602 and CBD show protective effect on the mice with experimental colitis, and the anti-inflammatory roles of O-1602 and CBD are related to the inhibition of p38 MAPK. The expression level of GPR55 in the submucosa of mouse colon tissue is low.     

Effect of nitric oxide on adiponectin-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation in hyperlipidemia rats

AIM: To investigate the mechanism that adiponectin inhibits platelet aggregation via nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway. METHODS: Adult rats were fed with normal or high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Their platelets were immediately isolated and treated with or without recombinant full-length adiponectin (rAPN). The platelet aggregation, NO and superoxide production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/inducible NOS (iNOS) expression, and antioxidant capacity were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with rAPN inhibited platelet aggregation induced by hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). Interestingly, total NO, a crucial molecule depressing platelet aggregate and thrombus formation, was significantly reduced, rather than increased in rAPN-treated platelets. Treatment with rAPN significantly decreased superoxide production by 62% (P<0.05) and increased antioxidant capacity by 38% (P<0.05) in hyperlipidemic platelets. Importantly, hyperlipidemia-induced reduction of eNOS phosphorylation and increase in iNOS expression were markedly reversed by rAPN treatment (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Adiponectin is an adipokine that inhibits platelet aggregation by enhancing eNOS activation and attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress including blockage of iNOS expression and superoxide production.     

Effect of hepatitis virus B protein on the functions of PBMCs isolated from patients with chronic HBV infection

AIM: To study the effect of hepatitis virus B proteins on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients among various types of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.METHODS: 80 patients of various types of chronic HBV infection were observed, including 40 HBeAg positive with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (A group), 20 HBeAg positive with persistent normal ALT(B group), 20 HBeAg and HBV-DNA negative with persistent normal ALT level(C group). IL-10, IFN-γ in CD8+CD28+T cells, after stimulation with PHA, HBeAg and HBcAg for 48 h, were inspected respectively in PBMCs.RESULTS: IFN-γ was significantly lower in HBeAg positive patients. IL-10 was significantly higher in HBeAg positive with normal ALT. CD8+CD28+T were significantly lower than others. CONCLUSION: In HBeAg positive group, secretion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and Th1 type cellular immunologic reaction is decreased, Th2 type cellular immunologic reaction is enhanced.     

Effects of pirenzepine on expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in stroma of sclera in chick myopic eyes

AIM:To observe the effect of intravitreal injection of pirenzepine on form-deprivation myopia in chicks. METHODS:Forty-one day old chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group, form deprivation group, vehicle control group and pirenzepine injection group. The right eyes of all chicks were used as experimental eyes. The deprived eyes in vehicle control group and pirenzepine injection group received daily intravitreal injection of vehicle control solution(0.01 mol/L PBS) and pirenzepine(1%in PBS), respectively. Optical examinations such as refraction, axial length and equatorial diameter were made at the end of the 5th day. The mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2), and the activity of MMP-2 were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and zymography analysis,respectively. RESULTS:Refraction, axial length and equatorial diameter of the eyes in pirenzepine injection group were significantly lower than those in form deprivation group and vehicle control group(P<0.05), but those were higher(P<0.05) and the eyes were relatively myopic as compared with normal control group. The mRNA expression, protein le vels and activity of MMP-2 in pirenzepine group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P<0.01), and were significantly lower than those in form deprivation group and vehicle control group(P<0.01, P<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of TIMP-2 in pirenzepine group were significantly lower than those in normal control group(P<0.01), and was significantly higher than those in form deprivation group and vehicle control group(P<0.01, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of pirenzepine may partly prevent form-deprivation myopia by modulating the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the fibrous layer of sclera.     

Effects of different ventilation strategies on gas exchange and extravascular lung water during early stage of acute lung injury in a canine model

AIM: To evaluate the effects of different ventilation strategies on gas exchange and extravascular lung water during early stage of acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: Upon the establishment of oleic acid-induced ALI (diagnostic standard: PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 300 mmHg), 24 adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) according to different ventilation strategies: controlling high-concentration oxygen therapy (O₂) group, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) group and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) group. The parameters of gas exchange and hemodynamics including the values of normal baseline, at ALI early stage (positive control) and from 1 to 4 h after treatment were recorded continuously. RESULTS: Compared with the value at the beginning of ALI, after 4 h of artificial ventilation, the improvement in oxygenation index (PaO₂/FiO₂) in BiPAP group (375.83±81.55, P<0.01) and CPAP group (327.17±78.82, P<0.01) were better than that in O₂ group (255.00±49.85, P>0.05). The ratio of alveolar dead space to tidal volume [V_D(alv)/V_T]in O₂ group further increased (P<0.01), while it obviously declined in CPAP group and BiPAP group (P<0.01). Oxygen delivery (DO₂) in BiPAP group (P<0.01) was much higher than that in CPAP group and O₂ group, while oxygen consumption (VO₂) and oxygen extraction rate (O₂ER) in O₂ group were evidently higher than those in CPAP group and BiPAP group (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, the alveolar-arterial oxygen differences [P_(A-a)O₂] of the 3 ventilation groups were significantly higher than the normal baseline values and the values at early ALI stage (P<0.01). BiPAP and CPAP greatly reduced the ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion (Qs/Qt) as compared with O₂ group (P<0.01). Some parameters including pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and index of cardiac output (CI) kept stable, while mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) further increased in CPAP group and BiPAP group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Three ventilation strategies did not effectively control the increase in extravascular lung water index (ELWI). CONCLUSION: During early stage of ALI, BiPAP and CPAP make active effects on improving gas exchange and tissue oxygenation. BiPAP displays more significant therapeutic effect than CPAP and oxygen therapy. The 3 ventilation strategies have no obvious effects on reducing extravascular lung water.     

脱毒草莓设施栽培增产试验

选用当地大面积推广的优良草莓品种进行设施栽培试验。结果表明,脱毒草莓较普通草莓表现出明显优势,一代脱毒苗在结果数、单果重及产量等方面均较普通生产用苗达极显著性水平;二代脱毒苗较普通生产用苗结果数、单果重达显著性水平,产量达极显著性水平。     

Expression and clinical significance of chemokine receptor CXCR6 in primary colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR6 in primary colorectal cancer and determine the association between CXCR6 expression and synchronous liver metastasis/prognosis. METHODS: The colorectal cancer tissues from 143 patients were collected from August 2004 to December 2008 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Twenty-night cases of the adjacent normal colorectal tissues were enrolled as controls. The expression of CXCR6 was detected by immunohistochemistry and the mean intergrated absorbance ( mIA ) was calculated by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The relationship between CXCR6 expression and synchronous liver metastasis/prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS: The CXCR6 staining was mainly positive in colorectal cancer tissues but not in adjacent normal colorectal tissues. The mIA of CXCR6 in colorectal cancer was 1.54±0.04 (range: 0.41~2.84), and was 1.63±0.05 and 1.41±0.08 (P<0.05) in the cases with (n=83) or without (n=60) synchronous liver metastasis, respectively. According to the mean mIA of CXCR6 (1.54), the cases was divided into high CXCR6 group (mIA≥1.54) and low CXCR6 group ( mIA <1.54). The overall survival rate in high CXCR6 group was significantly lower than that in low CXCR6 group (P<0.05). In multivariate Cox regression models, age (P<0.05), lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) and synchronous liver metastasis (P<0.01) but not CXCR6 were identified as independent risk factors for poor outcome. In subgroup analysis, high CXCR6 expression was associated with poorer survival in the patients with stage I~III colorectal cancer (P<0.01) but not those with synchronous liver metastasis (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: CXCR6 in primary colorectal cancer tissues is associated with liver metastasis. It may become a potential target for the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.     

PERK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy

AIM: To investigate the role of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in angiotensin II (AngⅡ) -induced myocardial hypertrophy. METHODS: In the hypertrophy model of AngⅡ-induced cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, the methods of morphological observation, [³H]-leucine incorporation and surface area measurement were employed to assess the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Real-time PCR, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detected the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), calreticulin (CRT), PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: Compared with control group, Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes showed that the mRNA and protein expression of CRT increased by 146.4% and 125.3%, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 increased by 84.0% and 77.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of PERK increased by 165.4% and 132.1%, respectively (P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of eIF2α was increased by 110.9% and 46.5%, respectively (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of CHOP also increased by 117.7% and 63.3%, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PERK-mediated ERS response is involved in AngⅡ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.