几种农药防治茶小绿叶蝉药效试验

以0．3％印楝素乳油700、800、1000倍液,茶联苯2500、2800、3000倍液,万里红2500、3000、3500倍液为供试药剂,对茶小绿叶蝉进行田间药效试验。茶联苯3种浓度药后1天防效分别为99．37％、90．35％、82.31％,药后4天防效分别为97．56％、85．59％、71．87％;03％印楝素乳油3种浓度药后1天防效较差,药后4天防效达高峰,分别为90．81％、80．72％、70．92％;万里红3种浓度药后1天防效分别为87．43％、69．97％、60．62％,药后4天防效显著降低。     

几种新药剂对茶叶瘿螨的防治效果

采用盆栽和室内试验,测定了几种新药剂对茶叶瘿螨的防效.结果表明,99％矿物油乳油100～200倍和0.6％苦参碱水剂1000～2000倍、0.3％印楝素可溶液剂500倍和1.5％除虫菊素水乳剂500倍,药后7 d的防效均在90％以上.矿物油和3种植物源农药对茶叶瘿螨有良好的防治效果.     

吡虫啉防治甘蔗绵蚜虫药效试验

用10%虫啉进行防治甘蔗绵蚜虫的药教试验，结果表明，用该药3000、5000倍，药后1天分别达到了96．5％和99．1%的防效，药后3天，全达到100%的防效，与对照抗蚜威比较达到同样效果，且药效期长。     

达净松防治棉叶螨效果好

长江流域棉区,多伏旱天气,历年棉叶螨的发生与危害较为严重。由于长期使用乐果、1605、敌敌畏,三氯杀螨砜等农药,棉叶螨已产生了抗药性,防效很不理想。为     

虱螨脲对棉铃虫的生物活性及应用研究

试验测定了虱螨脲对棉铃虫的室内生物活性和田闻防治效果。结果表明,虱螨脲具有较强的杀卵作用。在50mg／L浓度下。棉铃虫1日龄卵死亡率达到87．30％;对棉铃虫2～5龄幼虫具有较高的胃毒活性,其LC50分别为0．7434mg／L、1．9669mg/L、2．0592mg／L和2．6945mg／L。田间试验结果表明。在卵高峰期至初孵期用药,对棉铃虫有较高的防治效果,药后7d．用50g/L虱螨脲EC450mL/hm2、600mL／hm2防治效果分剐为89．3％、90．2％。     

选择有效新型药剂防治菜青虫田间药效试验

2003年12月在荔城区新度镇进行几种不同药剂防治菜青虫田间药效试验结果表明，15％安打3000倍和5％锐劲特1500倍药后5d校正防效达92％以上，是防治菜青虫的优良药剂；生物农药0．1％千虫克600倍和2．5％菜喜i000倍药后5d校正防效分别为90．5％和86．28％，可作为防治菜青虫的推广药剂；新农药1．5％华戎1号防效一般，建议与其他农药混合使用。     

几种新杀虫剂对棉盲蝽的室内药效试验

 将24%螺虫乙酯、80%丁醚脲、10%阿维·氟酰胺、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺、10%乙虫腈几种新杀虫剂按药剂包装上标定的稀释浓度对棉盲蝽进行室内药效试验筛选,结果显示：10%乙虫腈SC 750倍防效最好,药后1～3 d防效与80%氟虫腈WG 15000倍相当;20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 3000倍防效最差;24%螺虫乙酯SC 1500倍、80%丁醚脲WP 2500倍、10%阿维·氟酰胺SC 1000倍药后3 d均能达到较好的防效。     

10种杀虫剂对桃蚜的药效试验

报道了１０种杀虫剂对辣椒上桃蚜的药效试验结果。２５％喹硫磷乳油１０００倍液，４０％一宝乳油１５００倍液，７．５％虫霸乳油油２０００倍液和２．５％功夫乳油２０００倍液防治效果最好，药后５ｄ防效在９９％以上；２０％灭扫利乳油，２．５％敌杀死乳油和２０％速杀丁乳油各１０００倍液，也有较好的防治效果，药后１－５天防效达９１．５－９６．５％     

果圣防治茶园主要害虫药效试验

应用植物源农药0．5％果圣水剂防治茶小绿叶蝉、跗线螨田间试验，结果表明，0．5％果圣对茶小绿叶蝉和跗线螨具有较好的防治效果，并且对茶叶无药害，对茶园蜘蛛等天敌安全。使用0．5％果圣250倍液防治茶小绿叶蝉和跗线螨，药后7d防效分别达到94．63％、91．95％，接近对照药荆10％吡虫啉2000倍液(97．27％)和30％赛丹1000倍液(93．26％)的防治效果，是当前供茶园选择的一种较理想的替代化学农药防治茶小绿叶蝉和跗线螨的药剂。     

七种药剂对两种花生叶螨的室内毒力和盆栽药效测定

为明确7种常用杀螨剂对花生上二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨的毒力差异和防治效果,为不同优势种群的防治提供高效药剂,采用浸虫法测定了7种杀螨剂对两种叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。毒力测定结果表明,螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨成螨的毒力最高LC₅₀为1.213mg/L;哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、阿维菌素的毒力次之。阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨成螨的毒力最高LC₅₀为0.044mg/L;螺虫乙酯、哒螨灵、虫螨腈、联苯肼酯的毒力也较高;螺螨酯对两种成螨的毒力均最低。螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨卵的毒力均最高,LC₅₀分别为0.037mg/L、0.005mg/L。阿维菌素对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨成螨的毒力倍数差异最大,达247.8倍;其次是螺虫乙酯、虫螨腈毒力倍数为24.8倍和16.1倍;螺螨酯和阿维菌素对两种叶螨卵的毒力差异较大,分别达12.1倍和11.8倍。在盆栽花生上,43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、110g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂4000倍处理,对二斑叶螨的防效好,药后21d达83.75%～97.75%,显著高于其他药剂;7种药剂的4000倍液处理均对朱砂叶螨有很好的防效,药后21d达97.63%～100%。综上所述,除螺螨酯以外,6种供试药剂对朱砂叶螨成螨和卵的毒力均明显大于二斑叶螨,其中阿维菌素对两种成螨毒力差异最大。43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂4000倍液可有效同时防治两种叶螨,并有较好的速效性和持效性;其他6种药剂目前都是防治朱砂叶螨的高效药剂。本研究为防治叶螨合理用药提供了依据,对指导花生田叶螨的科学防治具有重要意义。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。     

白砂糖干燥与冷却机理及影响

砂糖的含水量、装包温度和仓储条件对其贮存保质具有重要影响。本文从白砂糖的含水分特性、干燥机理和生产过程环节等对白砂糖干燥与冷却的影响进行深入分析。由于结晶过程的包裹现象,砂糖含水分可分为表面和内部水分,白砂糖干燥过程只能去除前者。生产过程中煮糖、分蜜操作对内部水分含量有影响。贮存过程的内部水分的扩散是砂糖降质的根本原因,而装包温度和贮存条件是影响内部水分扩散的外在条件。