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1.
疫病成为制约我国畜牧业发展的主要因素,要较好控制疫病必须推行生物安全措施.本文从生物安全概念、推行生物安全必要性、生物安全范围、生物安全难点及养鸡场生物安全措施进行了论述.  相似文献   

2.
一概述 去冬今春,对于我国养鸡业来讲,是个较为困难的时段,特别是今年春季,鸡的疾病形势较为严峻,许多养鸡场均发生不同疾病,表现轻重差异不同。  相似文献   

3.
近几年来,在全球范围内频频发生的禽流感等动物疫情表明,不断进出孵化场、饲养场、加工厂等往来城乡的各种运输工具是疫病传播的一个重要媒介。被污染的运输工具可能将病原体带入家禽饲  相似文献   

4.
家禽卫生规范和疫病控制家禽产品的国际贸易要求中国政府和企业按国际标准和惯例来控制家禽及其产品在生产、加工与流通过程中的卫生问题。缺乏标准化管理、随意生产的动物产品是无法取得国际市场准入证的。WTO与家禽及其产品贸易的协议主要有:实施SPS措施协议:为保护动物、植物及人类免受动物、植物、饲料和食品所带来的危害而采取的必要措施。涉及影响国际贸易的添加剂、污染物(如药物)、毒素和有害生物的控制措施。SPS措施必须有科学依据:国际标准、指南、建议风险分析科学研究数据———其中国际标准主要依据:OIE-世界动物…  相似文献   

5.
家禽运输工具的生物安全须引起重视   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运输工具被称为动物疫痛的“流动媒介”,在动物疫病的传播中起重要的作用。由于运输工具在动物疫病传播中的重要作用,对运输工具采取生物安全措施,防止疫情传播日益引起人们的重视。家禽生物安全可以定义为“免遭传染性疾病、寄生虫以及害虫传播的安全”。运输工具的生物安全措施主要包括清洁和消毒两个方面。在每两次运输之间必须对运输工具进行彻底清洁消毒,以防交叉感染。原则是先清洁,后消毒。如果严格遵守,可以减少疫病的传播。  相似文献   

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禽流感、新城疫、传染性法氏囊病与鸡大肠杆菌病是目前严重威胁家禽饲养业健康发展的四大主要传染病。  相似文献   

8.
根据大量资料和数据显示,2010年以来我国家禽疫病防控中,使用疫苗的预防难度逐步加大,常规方案控制难度也明显加大。同一疾病在不同地区、不同禽群、不同圈舍治疗效果不一。同样的病例,使用同样治疗方案,效果差异很大。这都给整个家禽行业人员及单位造成极大的困惑。我们如何认识当下家禽疫病现状?  相似文献   

9.
近年来,随着规模化猪场的快速兴起,疫病困扰的问题也日益突出,严重地制约了猪场的发展。而决定猪场效益的最重要因素是疫病防控,良好的生物安全措施是防控疫病的关键。  相似文献   

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为了分析提升生物安全措施对猪场主要疫病防控及生产性能的影响,在宁化县某猪场进行生物安全防控措施提升,在提升前后随机采集血清、病料样品进行抗体和病原核酸检测及生产性能记录。结果表明,猪场提升生物安全措施后猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、口蹄疫等主要疫病免疫抗体合格率提高4.0%~10.8%(P<0.05);病原种类减少2种,病原核酸阳性率下降16.8%~30.4%不等(P<0.05),无共同感染病例;母猪配种受胎率提高6.8%、年产胎次提高0.25胎、平均每头母猪胎次产健仔数增加2.91头、平均断乳窝重提高9.8 kg,仔猪发病率和病死率分别下降8.2%和4.1%。可见,猪场提升生物安全措施对主要疫病防控有显著效果,同时提高了猪群的生产性能。  相似文献   

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of adoption within the Australian poultry industries of a range of standard biosecurity practices. DESIGN: A questionnaire survey of owners and managers of 1753 commercial poultry farms. Procedure Information was collected by telephone or in person from the owners and managers of poultry farms. Data were entered onto an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical tools within Excel. RESULTS: The response rates to the questionnaire for the chicken meat, egg, duck and turkey sectors were 94%, 37%, 92% and 96% respectively. Within the chicken meat sector, the adoption rate exceeded 98% for 11 practices with only the rates for appropriate disposal of spent litter/manure (94%) and development of farm level biosecurity plans (88%) falling below this level. Adoption rates for all practices had increased or remained at 100% since the last survey conducted in 2001. Integrated companies in the turkey and duck sector also reported high levels of adoption for most biosecurity practices although rates for the use of fresh litter, cleaning of sheds between batches of birds and maintenance of single age flocks were lower than in the chicken meat sector. Adoption rates for biosecurity practices on independently owned farms in the turkey and duck sectors were lower than for farms operated by integrated companies. CONCLUSIONS: Farms in the chicken meat, turkey and duck sectors of the Australian poultry industries have a high level of adoption of biosecurity practices with only a small proportion of farms needing to further enhance their biosecurity.  相似文献   

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为了解山东省家禽养殖场的生物安全水平,以问卷调查方式,对养殖场基本信息、场内区域划分、免疫接种、引种购进、消毒、饲养管理等问题展开调查。经预调查后,2021年6—7月在全省范围内开展本次调查。在全省16个地级市,采用随机抽样方式,每地级市抽检1~2个县(市、区);应用配额采样方式,在县市域内选取蛋鸡养殖场、肉鸡养殖场以及种禽场各1家。共收到有效问卷141份,分别来自12个地级市36个县(市、区),其中来自蛋鸡养殖场、肉鸡养殖场和种禽场占比分别为63.83%、26.95%和9.22%。所调查养殖场中,按照管理区、生产区、生活区进行区域划分的133家,一半以上的养殖场能做到每周至少消毒1次;137家养殖场有免疫计划,而无免疫计划的只有4家,包括蛋鸡场1家、肉鸡场3家。肉鸡场没有隔离场所的占比最高,达44.7%。106家养殖场对患病动物进行无害化处理。结果表明,所调查家禽养殖场在区域划分、区域管理、消毒管理、环境控制等生物安全方面都进行了相关的设计和应用,在一定程度上,能够起到预防致病因子侵入、阻挡病原微生物扩散的作用,但不同类型养殖场的生物安全水平并不均衡,因此养殖场需继续提高生物安全意识,逐步建立适用于本场的生物安全体系。  相似文献   

13.
一种新型鸭瘟病原的分离鉴定及其特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从2000年起.山东省的潍坊、临朐、昌乐、昌邑、沂源等饲养肉鸭集中的地区发生一种同鸭瘟症状、剖检变化相似的疾病.但该病主要侵害1月龄以下的雏鸭.成年鸭发病率较低。从自然感染该病典型病死鸭脏器中获得1株病毒,病毒粒子直径80~200nm,呈圆形.有囊膜。进一步试验鉴定,该病毒核酸类型为DNA,ELD50为10^-3.46/0.2mL,对樱桃谷鸭胚、番鸭胚、麻鸭胚及SPF鸡胚的致死率分别为100%、90%、20%和0%。该病毒对氯仿、乙醚、酸碱处理敏感,56℃ 30min能使病毒灭活,该病毒无血凝活性.不能凝集“O”型人、鸡、鸭、鹅、猪、小鼠、豚鼠、绵羊等的红细胞。血清学试验表明,该病毒与鸭肝炎病毒阳性血清、雏番鸭细小病毒阳性血清、小鹅瘟阳性血清之间无中和作用,而能部分中和鸭瘟病毒阳性血清,表明该分离株与传统鸭瘟病毒呈部分相关性。初步确定该病毒为疱疹病毒属疱疹病毒科成员。鉴于该病用传统的鸭瘟疫苗不能预防.故现暂定名为“新型鸭瘟”。  相似文献   

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Objective   To describe the structure of the Australian poultry industry and discuss the potential for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to spread between Australian poultry farms.
Procedure   High densities of poultry farms, frequent contacts between farms by service providers, the supply of live poultry markets (LPM) and the presence of free-range duck flocks in affected regions have been identified as risk factors for the spread of HPAI between flocks in outbreaks causing the death or destruction of over 1 million poultry overseas. Data on 1,594 commercial Australian chicken meat, chicken egg, duck and turkey farms were collected by a telephone questionnaire of farm managers to assess the risk of a HPAI outbreak in Australia.
Results and Discussion   Five regions of Australia had farm densities comparable to overseas regions that experienced widespread HPAI. Common service providers routinely contacted different classes and types of farms over wide geographic areas. However, no responding farms supplied LPM and the majority of duck farms did not produce free-range ducks.
Conclusion   Outbreaks of HPAI have the potential to cause serious impacts on the Australian poultry industry. The risk posted by LPM and free-range ducks is limited, but the movement of genetic stock and common service providers could spread infection between companies, industries or geographical regions. Biosecurity measures are therefore considered critical to limit the secondary spread of infection should an outbreak occur.  相似文献   

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Gallibacterium spp., particularly G. anatis, have received much attention as poultry pathogens in recent years. We report here the presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of 69 Gallibacterium isolates obtained from 2,204 diagnostic submissions of broiler and layer chickens in 2019–2021. Gallibacterium-positive chickens had lesions primarily in the respiratory tract, reproductive tract, and related serosal surfaces. Gallibacterium spp. were initially identified based on their typical cultural characteristics on blood agar. The isolates were confirmed by a genus-specific PCR spanning 16S-23S rRNA and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed distinct clades. Of the 69 isolates, 68 clustered with the reference strains of G. anatis and 1 with Gallibacterium genomospecies 1 and 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 58 of the 69 isolates by a MIC method showed variable responses to antimicrobials. The isolates were all susceptible to enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, and gentamicin. There was a high level of susceptibility to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (98.0%), streptomycin (98.0%), amoxicillin (84.0%), sulfadimethoxine (71.0%), and neomycin (71.0%). All of the isolates were resistant to tylosin. There was resistance to penicillin (98.0%), erythromycin (95.0%), clindamycin (94.0%), novobiocin (90.0%), tetracycline (88.0%), oxytetracycline (76.0%), and sulfathiazole (53.0%). A high rate of intermediate susceptibility was observed for spectinomycin (67.0%) and sulfathiazole (40.0%). Our findings indicate a potential role of G. anatis as an important poultry pathogen and cause of subsequent disease, alone or in combination with other pathogens. Continuous monitoring and an antimicrobial susceptibility assay are recommended for effective treatment and disease control.  相似文献   

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Multiple educational programs dealing with biosecurity were developed during and following the exotic Newcastle disease outbreak of 2002 and 2003 in California. Extension clientele involved with game fowl, fairs and expositions, poultry clubs, and poultry youth were all in need of biosecurity training. Collaborative efforts between the University of California Cooperative Extension and the California Department of Food and Agriculture resulted in the development of educational programs that addressed issues raised during the outbreak and continue to help clientele protect their birds from emerging diseases.  相似文献   

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Poultry transportation coops are rarely washed and have been demonstrated to be a point of cross-contamination of broiler carcasses. Foaming disinfectants and cleaners, commonly used within processing plants, may be used to clean and disinfect poultry transportation coops. In this study, homogenized fecal material was evenly applied to the floors of precleaned broiler transportation coops and allowed to dry. Treatments consisted of a water rinse, a foam additive alone, foaming cleaner, and a disinfectant plus a foam additive. All foaming treatments were applied using a compressed air foam system (2,271 L/min; 600 gal/min), similar to what firefighters would use. A high-pressure water rinse (HPWR) was added prior to or following the treatments to determine whether rinsing prior to product application or rinsing after product application would improve efficacy. Based on our data, a compressed air foam system may be used in combination with a commercially available disinfectant or foam cleaner to reduce aerobic bacteria on the surfaces of commercial broiler transportation coops. Furthermore, the addition of a HPWR did not further reduce the level of aerobic bacteria on broiler transportation coop floors.  相似文献   

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