低温预处理对油茶花药愈伤组织诱导的影响

以普通油茶、小果油茶、越南油茶、攸县油茶、腾冲红花油茶、宛田红花油茶、浙江红花油茶、广宁红花油茶8个油茶物种为实验材料,初步研究了低温(4℃)预处理方法对油茶花药愈伤组织诱导效率的影响.结果得出,低温预处理有利于油茶花药愈伤组织的诱导,但不同的油茶物种最适宜的预处理时间不同,普通油茶为10 d左右,攸县油茶为5～10 d,越南油茶为15 d左右,浙江红花油茶为10 d左右,广宁红花油茶为15 d左右,腾冲红花油茶为10 d左右,宛田红花油茶为15 d;小果油茶经过低温预处理诱导率没有明显提高;普通油茶和小果油茶的花药愈伤组织诱导效率均达到了70%以上,可以作为花药培养的桥梁物种在以后的研究及技术推广中加以应用.     

油茶12个物种花药愈伤组织诱导及继代培养

选择12个油茶物种进行花药愈伤组织的诱导,以小果油茶、普通油茶、短柱油茶、浙江红花油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶诱导率较高,在40％～70％之间,其中小果油茶、普通油茶的愈伤组织诱导率高达70％。红皮糙果油茶、广西糙果油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶、攸县油茶花药褐化较严重。继代培养中6-BA和KT均有较好的促进作用,小果油茶、普通油茶、短柱油茶、浙江红花油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶的愈伤组织均增殖较好。油茶花药培养应以小果油茶、普通油茶、短柱油茶、浙江红花油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶作为进一步试验的基本材料,开展下一步的愈伤组织增殖和脱分化试验。     

顺昌县油茶产业现状与发展对策

油茶是我国特有的木本油料树种。分析了顺昌县油茶产业现状及其存在的问题,提出了通过推广油茶优良新品种,实现油茶生产良种化,从整体上提高油茶产量水平,增强油茶综合利用效率,培植油茶龙头企业等措施,以促进顺昌县油茶产业发展。     

广东省油茶产业发展对策探讨

阐述广东油茶林资源、油茶基地建设、油茶种苗选育及油茶产业发展现状,针对油茶产业发展存在的主要问题,提出全省油茶产业发展的基本思路及对策措施.     

荒芜油茶林垦复技术

油茶是太湖县主要乡土树种之一。1987年全县油茶面积达6667hm2,油茶产量为产油茶籽50万kg。后因油茶籽无收购,油茶林逐渐荒芜。为有效开发太湖县现有油茶资源,必需提高油茶种植的科技含量,提高现有油茶资源的效益,建立高效油     

油茶湘林11号无性系嫁接苗的抗旱性研究

本文以普通油茶为对照,在人为控水模拟自然干旱的条件下,通过测定嫁接苗叶片的永久萎焉系数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶活性等抗旱指标,研究了陆川油茶、广宁红花油茶、香花油茶作砧木的湘林11号一年生嫁接苗的抗旱性。结果表明:香花油茶嫁接苗永久萎焉系数为1.34,显著低于普通油茶、陆川油茶和广宁红花油茶嫁接苗分别为1.63、1.58和1.69,表现出较强的抗旱性;通过主成分分析和隶属函数值综合评定,4个物种作砧木的湘林11号嫁接苗的抗旱性依次为香花油茶普通油茶陆川油茶广宁红花油茶,香花油茶作砧木明显提升了嫁接苗的抗旱性。     

安徽省大别山油茶选优研究

安徽省大别山地区气候多变,油茶品种复杂,油茶产量高低不一,从而导致油茶的经济效益低下.为了提高该地区油茶产量,从油茶实生林分收集和筛选具有高产、抗病虫、抗寒、早花避寒等优良性状的油茶优异新种质,为安徽省大别山地区提供适栽的具有早花、抗寒能力的油茶苗木,推动北缘地区油茶产业的发展.     

光山县推广种植油茶打造特色产业成效初报

2008年光山县委、县政府决定把发展油茶产业作为农业结构调整和振兴林业的突破口,提出通过5年努力,使全县油茶面积发展到20 000 hm2。动员全县农民积极参与,利用四旁零星空地广种油茶,实现家庭食用油自给,让全县17万农户受益,打造全国油茶北缘强县和全省油茶良种繁育基地县奋斗目标。经过几年不懈努力,取得了显著成绩。已完成新造油茶面积6 000 hm2,油茶林木成活、保存率在96%以上,前两年新植油茶已经开花结果。经测算,油茶林龄6年时可实现单株结果量生产0.5 kg油。完成昔日低产老油茶林改培3 333 hm2。随着油茶种植规模的不断扩大,新建油茶林陆续进入结果期,计划下一步启动油茶加工厂建设,加强油茶系列产品的加工利用,实行效益最大化。     

中央财政支持油茶科技推广

为加强油茶产业发展的科技支撑,切实提高油茶产业的科技含量,2011年中央财政安排5200万元用于油茶科技推广项目建设,重点推广油茶良种繁育、油茶丰产栽培、油茶加工等新技术、新品种、新工艺。该项目在全国建立了高产油茶示范林2413公顷,培训林农1．345万人。2012年,中央财政将继续投入5000多万元油茶科技推广项目资金,加强油茶良种及丰产栽培技术的推广应用,重点在全国14个省区开展油茶标准化示范区建设,     

湖南省油茶主要病害发生规律研究

采取标准样地调查法对湖南省主要油茶产区(耒阳、常宁、浏阳)的不同类型油茶林的油茶病害进行了逐月调查。调查显示,危害湖南省油茶种植的病害有油茶炭疽病、油茶软腐病、油茶根腐病等7种主要病害,这些病害的发生和危害程度有明显的季节性。通过对苗圃地、新造林、幼林、成林、采穗圃、老林和低改林等不同类型油茶林的对比调查,总结了不同类型油茶林的病害发生特点,为及时准确防治油茶病害提供了科学依据。     

系统收获表研究的概念和功能(英文)

传统收获表是指某一树种在特定地区和管理体系下，以立地条件和年龄为变量描述林分平均生长过程的数表．林分密度管理图是根据林分密度效果编制的可预测林分平均收获的图．通过与传统收获表和林分密度管理图的概观比较和探讨，该文系统地阐述了系统收获表的概念和功能．系统收获表的基本特点是为预测现实林分在不同立地条件和管理体系下生长过程的计算机程序．因此，系统收获表能描述在多维变量（如年龄、立地条件、林分密度、胸径和树高）条件下的现实林分和单木的无数生长过程     

Alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit and Acioa barteri (Hook.f.) Engl.

The effect of alley cropping with seven combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows and a control (no hedgerow) treatment on sequentially cropped maize and cowpea was studied in 1985 and 1986. The trial was carried out on an Alfisol in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria. Hedgerows were established in 1983, using 4 m inter-hedgerow spacing and pruned to 25 cm height during cropping. Highest dry matter, wood, and nutrient yields of prunings of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows were obtained with sole cropping. Growing Leucaena and Acioa in the same hedgerow suppressed dry matter production and nutrient yield of Acioa more than of Leucaena owing to the latter's faster growth. Total pruning dry matter yield was reduced as the proportion of Acioa increased in the combination. Leucaena prunings had higher nutrient yield than Acioa. Under 22-month old uncut hedgerows, weed biomass declined in the presence of Leucaena, either alone or in combination with Acioa. Weed weight under sole Leucaena hedgerows was about a third of that in the control plot. There was no significant effect of alley cropping on weed biomass, although alley cropping with Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows resulted in the dominance of broadleaf weeds while the control had a mixture of broadleaves and grasses. Alley cropping with various combinations of Acioa and Leucaena hedgerows increased maize and cowpea yields compared to control. Nitrogen application in both years increased maize grain yield. Mean yield increase due to N application in both years was highest in the control (47.2%) followed by the sole Acioa hedgerow (25.2%) and less in hedgerows with Leucaena. The results of observations over two years do not show any advantage for the tested Leucaena and Acioa combinations on maize and cowpea crops as compared to the sole hedgerows. B.T. Kang (IITA), c/o Miss Maureen Larkin     

毛竹低产林改造技术简报

本文阐述仙游县毛竹资源现状与剖析低产林成因,通过毛竹丰产林培育示范试验,提出了毛竹低产林改造和丰产林培育的主要措施。     

猕猴桃低产园改造丰产新技术

猕猴桃高接换种是改造低产园,实现“优质、高产、高效”的重要基础工程,也是目前改造低产猕猴桃园的唯一有效途径。试验园通过留优去势、全面改接换种、强化综合管理等几项丰产新技术,实现了“当年改接成园、翌年全面投产、3年优质高产”的效果。     

Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissn.) in an alley cropping system with sequentially cropped maize and cowpea in southwestern Nigeria

Alley cropping is increasingly becoming accepted as an appropriate technology with the potential to provide stable and sustainable food production in the tropics. However, only a few of the potential trees/shrubs have been tested. The performance of Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissn) as an alley cropping species was evaluated on an Oxic Paleustalf. The treatments were: prunings removal, prunings application; and three N levels, 0,45, and 90 kg N ha^–1, in a factorial arrangement. The cropping sequence was maize (main season) follwed by cowpea (minor season). Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied to the maize crop only. Four annual prunings of Calliandra hedgerows produced a total of 6 t ha^–1 of dry matter prunings containing about 200 kg ha^–1 of N. Maize yields were increased by the application of prunings but no benefits were obtained by supplementing the prunings with inorganic N. An average maize grain yield of 3.1 t ha^–1 per year was maintained without any chemical fertilizer input. However, without any prunings, maize yields were substantially increased by the application of inorganic N. Cowpea yield did not respond to application of prunings but plants grown adjacent to the hedgerows had reduced yield probably due to shading. Our results suggest that six rows (0.57 m inter-row spacing) between Calliandra hedgerows spaced at 4 m are optimum for this cowpea variety. The performance of Calliandra was comparable to that of Leucaena which has been widely shown to be effective in alley cropping systems of the region.     

高密度劣质板栗低产果园改造模式的初步研究

采用随机区组试验设计法,对高密度劣质板栗低产果园的不同改造模式进行了试验研究,结果表明：高密度劣质板栗低产果园的不同改造模式之间的产量差异极显著,以嫁接换冠＋间伐为最佳,板栗园产量高、品质好、经济效益好。     

Nutrition and growth of wheat–sorghum rotation in soils amended with leaf litter of trees before planting of wheat

Nutrient release from plant residues can be manipulated as per crop demand through several approaches. A pot study was conducted to study the influence of incorporation of leaf litter of poplar (Populus deltoides), eucalypt (Eucalyptus hybrid) and dek (Melia azedarach) inoculated with cellulolytic fungus culture (Aspergillus awamori) on the nutrition and biomass of wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. PBW 343) in loamy sand and sandy loam soils. The residual effect of leaf litter after wheat harvest was studied on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, cv. Punjab Sudax Chari 1). The treatments consisted of a control (no leaf litter) and three uninoculated as well as inoculated leaf litter levels of tree species–0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% (w/w, dry weight basis). A uniform dose of N, P and K @ 50, 11 and 10 mg kg⁻¹ soil, respectively from inorganic fertilizers was applied to all the treated pots. Straw and grain yield, and nutrient content of wheat increased with increasing level of uninoculated or inoculated leaf litter in both the soils. The inoculated leaf litter augmented the yield and nutrient content of crop significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to the corresponding uninoculated treatments. Poplar and dek leaf litter produced higher wheat yield, plant nutrient content and available nutrients in soil after wheat harvest than eucalypt leaf litter. Dry matter yield of sorghum raised on residual fertility increased significantly with increasing levels of leaf litter application. The comparative responses in yield and nutrient content of crops were higher in loamy sand than in the sandy loam soil. The study shows the beneficial influence of use of cellulolytic microorganisms on enhancement in decomposition and nutrient release from litterfall of tree species.     

提高核桃采穗园接穗产量质量的试验研究

采穗园在加强土肥水管理、病虫害防治、合理修剪,增强树势的基础上,夏季芽接采穗,以6月中旬芽子充实,生长健壮的50cm穗条最好;春季枝接在发芽前结合修剪,采30～50cm穗条最好。     

Analysis of sawn lumber production from logging residues of branchwood of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aningeria robusta</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Terminalia ivorensis</Emphasis>

One way of meeting the supply demands of the wood industry is through the reduction of waste in timber processing. It has been estimated in Ghana that for every tree felled, nearly 50% of the tree volume is left in the forest in the form of branches, crownwood, and stumps. In this study, the potential of utilizing branchwood as raw material from logging residues to help meet the timber demands of the downstream processing sector was analyzed experimentally. The sawing characteristics of the branchwood of Aningeria robusta and Terminalia ivorensis with diameters in the range 10–25 cm using live sawing and cant sawing methods were determined using a randomized complete block design, 2 × 4 factorial with three replications. Experimental results indicate that, the relative lumber value yields for first and second grade boards of A. robusta and T. ivorensis branches were 25 and 20%, respectively, while the green lumber volume yields were 40 and 32%, respectively. A high proportion of sapwood and the occurrence of washboarding in T. ivorensis contributed to that species’ relatively low lumber value and volume yield. The experimental results further indicate that the sawing technique used had no significant influence on lumber yields. However, at 5% level of significance, significant differences in lumber yield existed between some of the diameter classes.     

外源添加物强化中温碱抽提玉米秸秆渣酶解过程的研究

以中温碱抽提玉米秸秆渣为研究对象,考察了不同外源添加物对酶解工艺的辅助作用和影响机制。研究结果表明,采用中温碱抽提玉米秸秆可以脱除50.02%木质素,添加PEG6000辅助水解作用明显。当纤维素底物质量浓度40 g/L,酶用量在纤维素酶(Celluclast 1.5 L)15 FPIU/g和纤维二糖酶(Novozyme 188)30 BU/g水解48 h,添加PEG6000 4.0 g/L葡萄糖得率73.51%,酶解率84.51%,较未添加样品上升幅度分别达到26.2%和27.1%。添加PEG不仅可以减轻酶蛋白和碱抽提玉米秸秆渣的吸附,提高酶在液相中的分配,对纤维素酶活力和稳定性也具有显著的促进作用。PEG存在下纤维素酶1.5 L的滤纸酶活提高34.1%,稳定性提高57.3%。