Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum

An experiment was conducted under outdoor pot-culture conditions to determine effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency on sorghum growth, physiology, and leaf hyperspectral reflectance properties. Sorghum (cv. DK 44C) was seeded in 360 twelve-litre pots filled with fine sand. All pots were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution from emergence to 25 days after sowing (DAS). Thereafter, pots were separated into three identical groups and the following treatments were initiated: (1) the control (100% N) continued receiving the half-strength nutrient solution; (2) reduced N to 20% of the control (20% N); and (3) withheld N from the solution (0% N). Photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) and N concentrations, and hyperspectral reflectance of the uppermost, fully expanded leaves were determined at 3- to 4-day-interval from 21 to 58 DAS during the N treatments. Plants were harvested 58 DAS to determine effects of N deficiency on leaf area (LA), biomass accumulation, and partitioning. Nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced LA, leaf Chl content and Pn, resulting in lower biomass production. Decreased leaf Pn due to N deficiency was mainly associated with lower stomatal conductance rather than carboxylation capacity of leaf chemistry. Among plant components of dry weights, leaf dry weight had the greatest and root dry weight had the smallest decrease under N deficiency. Nitrogen-deficit stress mainly increased leaf reflectance at 555 (R₅₅₅) and 715 nm (R₇₁₅) and caused a red-edge shift to shorter wavelength. Leaf N and Chl concentrations were linearly correlated with not only the reflectance ratios of R₄₀₅/R₇₁₅ (r² = 0.68^***) and R₁₀₇₅/R₇₃₅ (r² = 0.64^***), respectively, but also the first derivatives of the reflectance (dR/dλ) in red edge centered 730 or 740 nm (r² = 0.73–0.82^***). These specific reflectance ratios or dR/dλ may be used for rapid and non-destructive estimation of sorghum leaf Chl and plant N status.     

水稻高光谱红边位置与叶层氮浓度的关系

实时无损监测叶片氮素状况对水稻精确氮素管理具有重要意义。本研究基于多年不同施氮水平和不同水稻品种的田间试验观测资料,系统分析了水稻高光谱红边区域和位置特征与冠层叶片氮浓度的定量关系。结果表明,水稻冠层的红边区域光谱受施氮水平和品种影响较大,一阶导数光谱在红边区域出现“三峰”现象。经典的红边位置(660~750 nm之间光谱反射率的一阶导数最大值)由于“三峰”特征现象而对水稻氮素浓度变化不够敏感,难以适用于水稻氮素状况的准确监测。基于倒高斯模型、线性内插法和线性外推法构造的红边位置随水稻氮浓度呈现连续变化模式,适用于水稻叶层氮浓度的定量监测;另外,基于695 nm、700 nm和705 nm等3个波段的拉格朗日算法也可估测水稻叶层氮浓度。比较不同红边位置发现,改进型线性外推法较其他几种算法更能有效地监测水稻冠层叶片氮浓度。     

Is it possible to forecast the grain quality and yield of different varieties of winter wheat from Minolta SPAD meter measurements?

To optimize wheat segregation for the various markets, it is necessary to add to genotype segregation, a prediction before harvest of the values of yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) for the different fields of the collecting area. Different tools allowing a prediction of crop production exist. Among them, the evaluation of nitrogen concentration by a chlorophyll meter (Soil–Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) readings), classically used to adapt the nitrogen fertilizer application, has been used in few works to foresee grain yield and grain protein concentration. But the relationships between N crop status and SPAD measurements varies among varieties and this genotypic effect has rarely been incorporated in models of forecasting grain quality.

This paper compares several models to forecast yield, nitrogen uptake in grain (NUG) and grain protein concentration from trials carried out in 2001 and 2002 at the INRA experiment station of Grignon (West of Paris). Trials crossed nine varieties by four (2002) or five (2001) nitrogen rates. Input variables of those models are mainly chlorophyll meter measurements (SPAD) on the penultimate leaf at GS65 and on the flag leaf at GS71 Zadoks growth stages and ear number per square meter (NE).

A square root model of yield based on NE × SPAD gave the best fit (RMSE = 0.6 t ha⁻¹ for both stages) if considering three different groups of genotypes. Based on the same variable, NE × SPAD, a quadratic model for NUG without significant effect of genotypes gave the best fit (RMSE, between 21 and 30 kg ha⁻¹ depending of the growth stage). And, for GPC, considering the same three groups of genotypes, the slope of the linear model with the ratio of predicted grain nitrogen concentration to predicted yield, is the same at both stages and very close to the standard value used to calculate protein concentration from nitrogen concentration (5.7), but the predictive quality of the model is more than 10% higher at GS71 (R² of 0.77) than at flowering (R² of 0.64). Finally, the sensibility of the models to delay in the stage of measurement is discussed.     

基于光谱指数和偏最小二乘的棉花类胡萝卜素/叶绿素a比值估算

类胡萝卜素(Car)与叶绿素a含量比值(Car/Chla)的变化与植被生长发育变化、环境胁迫及叶片衰老特征等密切相关,可作为植被生理生态及物候的监测指标。不同植被类型和植被品种其色素变化随植被生长发育呈现出不同的变化特征。为了探究适用于干旱区棉花Car/Chla比值估算的光谱指数和估算方法,本研究通过2011年和2012年连续2年的大面积田间试验,获取了棉花不同生育期的叶片及冠层尺度光谱反射率及色素含量信息,对多种光谱指数及偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Square Regression, PLSR)用于Car/Chla比值和Car估算进行了探讨。对比表明,基于光化学指数(PhotochemicalReflectanceIndex,PRI)的线性和一元二次模型对Car/Chla比值和Car的估算精度最高,由PRI-Car/Chla线性模型得到的叶片和冠层尺度的Car/Chla比值估算值与实测值之间的决定系数R2大于0.6, PRI-Car的R2大于0.36;基于PLSR模型得到的Car/Chla比值估算值与实测值之间的拟合关系略优于基于PRI的估算模型,由其得到的叶片及冠层尺度Car/Chla比值估算值与实测值之间的决定系数R2大于0.80,Car估算值与实测值之间R2大于0.73;不论基于PRI还是基于PLSR方法,对Car/Chla比值的估算精度均高于Car含量,该结论进一步证实了Car/Chla比值遥感监测的可行性,丰富了对棉花生长高温胁迫、养分胁迫等环境胁迫及病虫害等遥感监测的依据指标。     

The components of lucerne (Medicago sativa) leaf area index respond to temperature and photoperiod in a temperate environment

Irrigated crops of ‘Grasslands Kaituna’ lucerne were grown for 5 years in a temperate climate at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand (43°38′S, 172°28′E). From these the response of the components of leaf area index (LAI) to environmental factors was determined. A broken stick temperature threshold with a base temperature (T_b) of 1 °C at air temperatures (T_a) <15 °C and a T_b = 5 °C for T_a ≥ 15 was required to accumulate thermal time (Tt). Using this, the appearance of nodes on the main-stem (phyllochron) was constant in Tt within a re-growth cycle (30–42 days). The phyllochron was 37 ± 7 °Cd but declined from 60 to 37 °Cd as photoperiod decreased from 15.7 to 11.4 h. Branching began at the appearance of the fifth main-stem node with 2.5 secondary nodes produced per main-stem node in spring re-growth cycles but only 1.7 produced in summer. Leaf senescence increased from 0.3 to 1.08 leaves per main-stem node after the appearance of the ninth node. Spring re-growth cycles had a mean individual leaf area of 170 mm² compared with 400 mm² for summer re-growth cycles. These results demonstrate systematic variation in LAI components and suggest they need to be considered separately in response to environmental factors to provide a quantitative framework for crop simulation analyses of lucerne canopy development.     

基于冠层光谱的早籼稻籽粒粗蛋白含量估测

利用2019年长江中下游早籼稻早中熟组种质资源为材料,分析主要生育期冠层光谱反射率与籽粒粗蛋白含量的关系,筛选出可用于早籼稻籽粒粗蛋白含量预测的敏感生育期和敏感波长,建立了基于敏感波长和光谱参数的籽粒粗蛋白的一元线性、多元线性、指数和多项式预测模型,用决定系数（R ²）、均方根误差（RMSE）和相对误差（RE）对模型精度进行评价,以期找到估测早籼稻籽粒粗蛋白含量的最适模型。研究发现,在孕穗期514、580、638和695nm波长处冠层一阶微分光谱反射率与籽粒粗蛋白含量相关性达到极显著水平;在基于敏感波长的估测模型中,四元线性模型估测效果最佳,其建模集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.566、0.342%和2.874%,验证集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.518、0.154%和1.303%;在基于光谱参数构建的估测模型中,DSI(R′₅₁₄和R′₆₃₈)为自变量构建的多项式模型估测效果较优,其建模集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.638、0.312%和2.639%,验证集R ²、RMSE和RE分别为0.581、0.230%和2.307%。     

基于全波段高光谱的冬小麦生长参数估算方法比较

利用高光谱数据监测作物生长情况具有无损和高效的特点,是现代农业的发展方向。为了简化高光谱数据处理流程,直接利用原始的高光谱反射率完成从建模到估算作物生长参数的全过程,应用于作物长势的实时监测。本文利用偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）、支持向量回归（support vector regression,SVR）和前馈神经网络（feedforward neural network,FNN）3种方法,利用全波段高光谱数据分别对冬小麦多个关键生育期（拔节、孕穗、扬花和乳熟期）生长参数（地上部生物量、叶面积指数、全氮含量和叶绿素浓度）进行了估算。比较3种方法的建模及估测效果,发现对于建模集数据,SVR对上述生长参数4个生育期的估测结果R²均值为0.89~0.98,MAPE为1.70%~7.53%,对于验证集数据,R²均值为0.90~0.94,MAPE为4.04%~7.46%,拟合优度和估测精度均超过PLSR和FNN,是估算方法中利用全波段光谱反射率估测冬小麦生长参数的最佳方案。随着无人机载高光谱技术成熟,SVR方法能够用于处理航拍获取的大范围田间高光谱信息,简便快捷地进行建模与参数反演,实时反映作物生长状态。     

基于无人机多光谱遥感的大豆叶面积指数反演

为给大豆科学管理提供基础数据,利用无人机多光谱遥感数据实现对大豆叶面积指数(LAI)的反演估值。从多种光谱植被指数中选出与LAI相关性较好的5种指数,分析探讨在田块尺度上,适用于东北地区的大豆叶面积指数的低空无人机遥感反演模型。结合田间实测LAI数据及模型精度及拟合效果,NDVI模型精度较好,但拟合效果较差,其余4种植被指数模型精度和拟合效果较好,拟合效果R²均达到了0.6以上;支持向量机模型决定系数R²达到0.688,均方根误差达0.016,具有更好的预测能力。2种模型均表明无人机多光谱遥感系统可以快速反演田间大豆叶面积指数,在指导精准农业生产方面具有实用意义。     

基于高光谱的棉花叶片磷含量估测模型

研究不同施磷条件下棉花叶片叶绿素含量的变化规律，旨在建立基于高光谱的叶片磷含量估测模型，实现棉花叶片磷含量快速监测。在盆栽试验条件下，设置不同的磷肥量，测定棉花功能叶叶绿素含量与磷含量，并利用植被指数和叶绿素含量的相关性构建磷含量的光谱变量，从而实现利用高光谱对棉花叶片磷含量的定量监测。结果表明：(1)棉花播种后100天左右，叶片磷含量与叶绿素呈现显著关系(决定系数R²=0.96)。(2)利用多个植被指数(X)和叶绿素含量(I)的相关性构建倒一叶、倒二叶、倒三叶、倒四叶的磷含量光谱变量，其中各叶片相关性最优的模型：倒一叶(L₁)为I₁=2.6131X_RENDVI-0.4275,X_RENDV为红边归一化植被指数，R²=0.71,RMSE=0.2；倒二叶(L₂)为I₅=0.0142X_TVI+0.3274,X_TVI为三角植被指数，R²=0.76,RMSE...     

基于吸收、透射和反射光谱预测水稻叶绿素含量研究

选择基于吸收率和透射率的叶绿素含量定量反演波段组合,构建叶绿素含量光谱估测模型寻找基于吸收、透射和反射光谱预测叶绿素含量的波段。以3个水稻品种临稻11,圣稻13和阳光200为材料,进行田间实验。比较水稻叶片吸收、反射及透射光谱曲线和一阶导数光谱曲线,发现440、480、630nm和681nm为叶绿素吸收峰的实际发生波段位置,其中630nm波段处的叶片光谱吸收率(A)、透射率(T)和反射率(R)之间相关性最好。比较三者之间的相关性,吸收率与透射率的相关性最强。630nm波段处的叶片光谱吸收率、透射率和反射率与叶绿素含量之间的相关性均达到极显著水平。回归分析表明基于440、480nm和681nm3个波段光谱吸收率线性模型,440、480nm和630nm3个波段光谱透射率线性模型估测叶绿素a含量,480、630nm和681nm3个波段光谱透射率线性模型估测叶绿素b含量,与单独使用630nm光谱变量估测叶绿素含量比较,在4个生育期估测精度均有显著提高,其中以叶绿素a和叶绿素总量的估测效果最好。     

Stomatal conductance and ozone exposure in relation to potato tuber yield—results from the European CHIP programme

Measurements of stomatal conductance on field-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje from the CHIP programme were combined to study the response to environmental factors. 3274 data points were used. Data were obtained from five sites: Jokioinen in Finland, Östad in Sweden, Giessen in Germany, Tervuren in Belgium and Sutton Bonnington in UK. Measurements were made in open-top chamber treatments with ozone and carbon dioxide exposure and in the ambient air. A typical light response curve was obtained with light saturation at approximately 400 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The leaf temperature optimum for stomatal conductance was 29 °C. The stomatal conductance declined strongly at leaf-to-air vapour pressure differences >20 hPa. An elevated carbon dioxide concentration (680 μl l⁻¹) reduced the stomatal conductance by up to approximately 20%. Elevated ozone reduced the stomatal conductance towards the end of the growth period, in addition to the negative effect by ordinary senescence on stomatal conductance. A multiplicative model, based on the boundary line technique, was used to estimate the relationship between stomatal conductance and the environmental variables. Test with the data sets from two sites providing sufficient data, Östad and Giessen, showed that the multiplicative model had R²-values of 0.60 and 0.42, respectively, for the relationship between calculated and observed conductance. Test of the model with an independent data set from an open-top chamber experiment with the potato cultivar Kardal showed an R² of 0.59 between calculated and observed conductance. The conductance model was used to estimate the accumulated ozone uptake (CUO₃) by potato leaves from emergence to harvest. The relationship between CUO₃ and relative yield loss, using a threshold for the ozone uptake rate of 7 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹, provided a higher R²-value (0.45) than CUO₃ without any threshold and relationships based on the accumulated exposure over 40 nmol mol⁻¹ (AOT40) or the sum of all hourly average ozone concentrations exceeding 60 nmol mol⁻¹ (SUM06). All four relationships were however statistically significant.     

利用数码相机和成像光谱仪估测棉花叶片叶绿素和氮素含量

实时、无损监测棉花叶片的叶绿素和氮素含量对诊断棉花生理状况和氮肥精确管理具有重要意义。本研究基于MSI200成像光谱仪和数码相机两种可见光传感器,分析和比较了光谱和颜色参数与叶绿素、氮素浓度和SPAD读数的关系,并且确立了其定量预测模型。结果表明,不同传感器对叶绿素和氮素最敏感的波段分别为R₇₁₀和R;光谱指数与叶绿素、氮素浓度和SPAD读数的相关性比原始光谱好,而且以蓝光和红光波段组成的差值指数(DI和R–B)的预测能力最佳;DI所建棉花叶片Chl a+b、Chl a、Chl b、N和SPAD读数的预测模型的预测误差分别为0.0058、0.0050、0.0018和2.3002 mg g^–1和4.9736(分别为均值的18.39%、19.47%、30.33%、11.69%和8.45%),预测精度R²分别为0.7965、0.7582、0.6608、0.7019和0.7338;R–B所建模型的预测性比DI差,对Chl a+b的预测精度最高(R²=0.7400),而预测Chl b的精度最低(R²=0.5653)。基于CIE 1976 L*a*b*颜色模型的颜色参数b*和HSI颜色模型的S是两种传感器与叶绿素、氮素浓度和叶色关系较好的颜色参数;b*对叶绿素、氮素浓度和SPAD读数的预测能力稍逊于DI,预测误差和精度都与DI的比较接近;而饱和度S值的预测RRMSE最大,整体预测精度小于0.62。因此,可以利用可见光成像传感器的光谱和颜色参数估测棉花叶片叶绿素和氮素含量。     

单作套作大豆叶片氮素积累与光谱特征

种植模式和氮肥水平直接影响作物的生长和氮素的吸收,无损、即时监测大豆叶片氮素水平对大豆生产中的氮肥精确管理十分重要。本研究设置4个氮肥水平,分析单作套作下大豆在不同生育时期叶片氮素动态和光谱特征,明确对叶片氮素敏感的光谱特征参数,构建单作套作大豆通用的叶片氮素积累量估测模型。结果表明,随大豆生育时期的推进,单作套作种植模式下的大豆冠层叶片氮素积累量均呈现单峰变化趋势,最大值出现在N3处理下的结荚期,两种模式两年最大值平均分别为8.70 g m~(–2)和8.38 g m~(–2);不同生育时期和种植模式的大豆冠层原始反射光谱的变化规律与冠层叶片氮素变化规律均为先增加后降低,原始反射光谱在700~1000 nm波段的反射率以结荚期为拐点先增大后减小,最大反射率达到60%~70%左右;通过对单作套作大豆冠层光谱一阶导数变换,红边幅值呈现先增加后降低的趋势,同时红边位置随叶片氮积累量的增加和减小出现"红移"与"蓝移"现象。经波段自由组合和回归分析表明,以DSI(771、755)构建的线性(y=–1.249+3.209x,R~2=0.847)和乘幂(y=–1.470x~(1.676),R~2=0.872)模型能较精确地估测不同生育时期大豆冠层叶片氮素状况。     

基于水稻冠层光谱特征构建粳型水稻籽粒蛋白质含量预测模型

水稻籽粒蛋白质含量是评价稻米品质的主要指标之一。本文以不同施氮水平下的4年田间试验为基础,系统分析了水稻成熟籽粒蛋白质含量与不同时期冠层反射光谱的相关性。结果显示,籽粒蛋白质含量与可见光波段(460~710 nm) 反射率呈负相关,与近红外波段(760~1 220 nm) 反射率呈正相关,其中孕穗期冠层单波段反射率与成熟籽粒蛋白质含量的相关性最高,在16个波段中以760 nm波段反射率与籽粒蛋白质含量的拟合效果最好,复相关系数达0.795。进一步分析比值植被指数、差值植被指数、归一化植被指数和红边参数等光谱参数与成熟籽粒蛋白质含量的相关性,运用线性逐步回归分析方法对相关拟合较好的16个参数进行筛选,建立了水稻成熟籽粒蛋白质含量（GPC）监测模型,GPC=－0.15× DVI(1 500, 950) + 3.00。利用不同年份不同品种及不同施氮水平下的观测数据对模型进行检验,预测值和实测值的精确度为0.56~0.86,准确度为0.85~1.18,根均方差（RMSE）为3.51%~19.91%,表明模型预测值与实测值之间符合度较高,对水稻成熟籽粒蛋白质含量具有较好的预测性。     

利用高光谱参数预测水稻叶片叶绿素和籽粒蛋白质含量

通过温室水培试验,测定2个品种、4个供氮水平的水稻剑叶在抽穗期后不同生育期的高光谱反射率,及对应叶片的叶绿素、全氮以及籽粒蛋白等生化组分的含量。结合水稻光谱曲线特征以及氮素营养胁迫特点,利用统计相关分析法,研究了9个植被指数和8个微分参数与叶片叶绿素、全氮含量的相关性,结果表明这些相关性均达到正显著水平     

稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素含量与光谱特征参数的相关性研究

为实现受稻瘟病侵染水稻叶片叶绿素含量的高光谱反演,以‘陵两优268’为研究对象,测定受稻瘟病侵染的85个水稻叶片样品的叶绿素含量和高光谱反射率,分析受稻瘟病侵染的水稻叶片高光谱反射率与叶绿素含量间的相关关系,使用线性与非线性回归技术建立叶绿素含量反演模型。结果显示:叶绿素含量与原始光谱及一阶导数光谱的敏感波段分别发生在700 nm和752 nm,基于光谱特征参数SDr的回归模型均方根误差为1.27,平均相对误差为10.2%。研究表明受稻瘟病侵染水稻叶片光谱反射率差异明显,基于光谱特征参数SDr的回归模型预测叶绿素含量具有较高的精度。     

土壤水分的高光谱响应特性及定量监测研究

为及时、准确地监测土壤含水量（SMC），采用室内条件下人工模拟不同SMC环境的方法，通过测定各时间段的SMC及其对应的土壤光谱反射率，运用连续投影算法（SPA）提取土壤水分的特征波长，结合多元线性回归（MLR）方法，构建SMC的高光谱定量监测模型。结果表明，光谱反射率随着样本SMC的增加而逐渐降低，二者存在明显的负相关关系；采用SPA方法提取的光谱特征波段为422、629、817、976、1121、1258、1359、1448、1830和2022nm；构建的SPA-MLR土壤水分高光谱监测模型表现出良好的预测效果（校正集的R2=0.930、RMSE=8.845、RPD=3.794，验证集的R2=0.927、RMSE=8.799、RPD=3.581）。研究结果可为土壤水分的高效精准监测提供一定的实践探索和理论参考。     

小麦叶片氮素状况与冠层反射光谱指数的关系

利用不同小麦品种在不同施氮水平下的3年田间试验数据,研究了小麦叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱间的定量关系。结果显示,不同试验中拔节后叶片氮积累量均随施氮水平呈上升趋势,同时冠层光谱反射率在不同施氮水平下存在明显差异。对于低、中、高蛋白质含量的品种类型,近红外区域若干相邻波段和可见光波段组成的比值植被指数与单位土地面积上叶片氮素积累量的相关关系均表现较好,因此可用760、810、870、950和1 100 nm反射率的平均值与660 nm组成的比值植被指数对不同蛋白质类型小麦品种的叶片氮素积累量进行定量监测,但回归方程的斜率在不同类型品种之间存在显著差异。本研究确立的小麦叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系可用于不同的小麦品种、生育时期和施氮水平,为小麦氮素营养的监测诊断与精确施肥等提供理论依据和技术途径。     

基于无人机RGB遥感的甘蔗株高估测

为快速准确地估测甘蔗不同生育期株高，探讨了无人机RGB系统遥感估算株高的可行性及效果。利用无人机RGB遥感平台，获取苗期、分蘖期、伸长中、后期和工艺成熟期的影像，通过Pix4D mapper生成数字表面模型（digital surface model,DSM），采用Eris Arcmap提取株高，基于DSM提取的株高与实测株高建立各生育期的估测模型，采用决定系数（R2）、均方根误差（RMSE）和平均相对误差（MRE）对模型进行评价。结果表明，基于DSM提取甘蔗各生育期的株高高于实测株高；全生育期模型拟合性最好，预测精度较高（验证集R2、RMSE和MRE分别为0.9611、0.1623和0.1102），苗期株高模型预测精度最高。其他各生育期模型的拟合性不及全生育期和苗期，精度较低，工艺成熟期模型的预测精度最低，拟合性最差。因此，基于无人机RGB遥感平台获取甘蔗不同生育期影像后通过DSM提取株高并运用于甘蔗重要生育期株高的估测时，注意不同生育期模型的适用性。     

小麦叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱指数的定量关系

本文以3种蛋白质类型的小麦品种在不同施氮水平下的3年田间试验为基础，研究了小麦叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系。结果显示，不同试验中拔节后叶片氮含量均随施氮水平呈上升趋势，同时冠层光谱反射率在不同施氮水平下存在明显差异。对于低、中、高籽粒蛋白质含量的品种，叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的归一化植被指数NDVI (1 220, 710)和红边位置均有密切的定量关系，决定系数在0.80左右。对于不同品质类型小麦品种，均可利用统一的回归方程描述其叶片氮含量随反射光谱参数的变化，对于低蛋白类型品种，采用单独的回归系数即可提高叶片氮含量估测的准确性。本研究确立的小麦叶片氮含量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系可用于不同的小麦品种、生育时期和施氮水平，为小麦氮素营养的监测诊断与精确施肥等提供理论依据和技术途径。