刍议良好农业规范在烟草种植中的应用

在烟草种植中应用良好的农业规范是为了确保烟叶的生产质量及产品安全,使烟叶的生产质量操作体系更加规范,其核心主要是为了对风险质量进行控制,并加强对烟叶种植区的环境保护,促进经济的可持续发展。     

良好农业规范在烟草种植中的应用分析

在烟草种植中应用良好农业规范,主要目的是保证烟草生产质量以及产品安全。良好农业规范能够更新烟草种植生产体系,使其朝着规范化方向发展,还能控制烟草质量,避免烟草种植出现质量问题,同时可以保护烟草种植区域生态环境以及野生植物,使烟草种植健康可持续发展。良好农业规范在烟草种植中的应用已经成为种植流程中的重点内容,掌握烟草种植过程中的关键内容,加强分析良好农业规范在烟草种植中应用效果,为烟草种植提供发展依据,规范化管理烟草种植。     

烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）的研究进展

综述了烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）的发现、形成过程、危害、检测方法及国内外研究成果,并对进一步开展降低TSNA的研究进行了展望,以期为生产优质低害的烟叶提供参考依据。     

种子包衣的研究现状及实施良好农业规范的必要性

综述了种子包衣的研究现状与应用进展,总结了种子包衣对种子的影响,指出了包衣种子需要解决的问题.结合良好农业规范(GAP)在我国的发展与应用,对中国良好农业规范应用到种子包衣的必要性进行了阐述,进一步说明,建立既适应我国国情又能够得到国际互认的GAP认证的包衣种子商品质量关键技术势在必行.     

实施GAP促进我国果蔬保鲜与加工业的发展

论述实施良好农业操作规范(GAP)对果蔬保鲜与加工业的意义及影响,阐明了实施GAP对促进我国果蔬保鲜与加工业发展的作用,并指明了实施GAP的具体思路。     

苹果种植GAP控制要点分析

苹果以其优良的品质特色畅销国际市场。在苹果生产基地执行良好农业规范(GAP),进一步提升苹果种植管理水平,是适应国际农产品市场准入规则,提升苹果产业效益的现实要求。在执行GAP过程中,苹果种植业应具有较好的资源优势和地缘优势,尤其表现在土壤、水、肥、植保等控制要点上有较好的执行基础。     

良好农业操作规范在河南省实施的可行性

阐述了良好农业操作规范(GAP)的基本原则和内容,分析了河南省农业产业发展的现状及实施良好农业操作规范的必要性和可性行,指出了具体发展思路。     

良好农业规范(GAP)在山西省出口果蔬产业中推广和应用的商榷

介绍了良好农业规范(GAP)在山西省出口果蔬产业推广和应用中需要注意的问题,并提出了几点建议,以使出口果蔬产业能更好地贯彻和实施良好农业规范(GAP),提高出口农产品食品的质量安全,实现可持续发展。     

国际金融危机对黑龙江省畜牧业的影响

在国际金融危机中,黑龙江省畜牧业也受到了多方面的影响。本文依据官方统计数据和资料,结合实证调查,分析了当前国际金融危机给黑龙江省畜产品出口、畜产品消费和畜牧业生产效益带来的不利影响和有利因素,并提出了应对金融危机的对策和措施。     

山区生态烟草农业模式探讨

以贵州省为例,提出了生态烟草农业的概念,阐述了其发展的重要意义。并在分析山区烟草农业的存在的问题及优势的前提下,对如何发展山区生态烟草农业,促进山区烟草农业可持续发展做出了初步探索。     

污水厂中草甘膦降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

为解决农业生产中草甘膦污染水体问题,本文通过利用草甘膦为唯一碳源,从污水厂活性污泥中分离、纯化、培养,筛选出降解草甘膦能力较强的菌株PP84,通过观察形态和16S rDNA序列鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),试验研究了菌株对草甘膦的降解特性和影响因素.结果 表明,Bacillus mega...     

Parameter estimation of the carbon oxidation process of the activated sludge model using respirometry

A new hybrid respirometer is used to measure the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of COD aerobic biodegradation process. Parameter identification and estimation of carbon oxidation process of an Activated Sludge Model are studied by combining the OUR data and mathematical fitting of curves. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for the three combined parameters estimated are below 13% for activated sludge from a laboratory and below 8% for activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. For single parameter estimation, the CVs are below 25% and below 10%, respectively. High measurement frequency and precision of the hybrid respirometer can improve the precision of parameter estimation. Initial concentrations of the substrate and the activated sludge of the respirometric experiment are key conditions that must be optimized to obtain high precision parameter estimation due to their effect on OUR curve characteristics.     

AHP and fuzzy mathematical method to assess the potential of cleaner production of electroplating enterprises

In order to investigate the effect of quickly decrease temperature on activated sludge system, with the operation of sequence batch reactor (SBR) and mean DO value at 1.5 mg/L, the sludge volume index (SVI) and pollutants removal effect with quickly decreased and return normal temperature were analyzed. The results show that the SVI increases to activate sludge bulking, and activated sludge sedimentation property worsens when the system temperature quickly decreases from 25℃ to 14℃. The SVI slightly decreases, but it cannot return to normal range when system temperature returns to 25℃. The phosphorus and COD removal effects are slightly affected by quickly decreased temperature, whlle the activated sludge nitrification is severely affected by quickly decreased temperature. with the ammonia removal efficiency decreased to 20%. The activated sludge nitrification can return to normal level when system temperature returns to normal temperature.     

造纸污泥有机无机复混肥在玉米上的施用效果研究

为了验证和明确造纸污泥农用的可能性,通过采用肥料生产的工业手段对其进行加工,将之生产为有机无机复混肥,并将其应用于玉米的生产中。结果表明,造纸污泥有机无机复混肥符合产品质量要求,施用后,玉米各生理性状、生育期和土壤理化性质等指标均有明显改善。通过对比常规施肥、无肥和造纸污泥有机无机复混肥的结果,得出如下结论：（1）造纸污泥经无害化处理后可作为生产有机无机复混肥的有机原料,且产品质量符合GB 18877-2002,可大面积推广;（2）在等养分前提下,施用造纸污泥有机无机复混肥在玉米促早熟方面优势大于常规施肥,此外,前者可有效促进玉米株高、穗粒数和百粒重增加,秃尖长度减少,且增产效果优于后者;（3）造纸污泥有机无机复混肥不仅具有改良土壤物理性状、蓄水保墒的特点,且可有效提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和全氮、全磷、全钾的含量。     

活性污泥应用于农业前发酵处理过程中病原菌变化研究

采用黑曲霉为发酵剂对活性污泥进行全程无公害处理并对各种病原菌的生长变化进行监测。结果表明病原菌总量在发酵过程中呈“马鞍型”变化。由于不同堆肥处理组合的C/N比及添加辅料的不同,导致各种病原菌的生长规律出现差异;采用黑曲霉处理城市活性污泥可使病原菌数目减少,但不能达到完全杀灭的目的;对发酵污泥进行200℃高温物理处理后,病原菌存活量为零。因而活性污泥在堆肥后必须经过高温物理处理才能达到安全化和资源化。     

Measurements of Influent COD Components for Activated Sludge Models

The Activated Sludge Models were widely applied in Europe and America since they were put forward, however, for an accurate simulation of the activated sludge treatment processes, reliable wastewater characteristic parameters such as COD components were needed. The conventional parameters such as COD can not differentiate the carbonaceous organic matters of wastewater, so they need to be divided again. Therefore, the fractionation of influent COD components in the Activated Sludge Models is introduced, and the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of each COD components are analyzed. The measurements of influent COD components are reviewed and some evaluation is made. The issue in determining the influent COD components is discussed. The idea of establishing a characterization guideline is put forward at last.     

HA的存在对活性污泥吸附Cu2+的影响

为探讨HA、金属Cu²⁺以及活性污泥三者间的相互作用关系,研究了在HA存在下,不同吸附时间、pH值、Cu²⁺质量浓度以及温度对活性污泥吸附Cu²⁺的影响,并从热力学、吸附前后活性污泥性状以及红外光谱等角度分析了活性污泥吸附Cu²⁺机理。结果表明,当活性污泥为2 g/L、HA质量浓度为50 mg/L、pH=6,Cu²⁺质量浓度为50 mg/L时,经过90 min达到吸附平衡,Cu²⁺吸附量为45.98 mg/L,吸附率达到91.96%。研究发现,HA可以削弱Cu²⁺对活性污泥的毒性,活性污泥吸附Cu²⁺主要依靠氢键力和偶极间力,而多糖类、脂类C-O及苯环C-H等官能团在吸附过程中发挥着主要作用。     

The Research of Using Energy Metabolism Equation to Calculate the Sludge Retained Time

Substantially, the process of biological treatment for wastewater is the process of bacterial energy metabolism. In this paper, from the viewpoint of energy and based on the conservation of mass and energy, an energy metabolism equation is constructed. Through the experimentation, the parameters in equation are measured. Through this equation the reason for SRT choice of activated sludge system is explained from the viewpoint of microcosmic. This equation is adaptable to optimizing the SRT of activated sludge system in the condition of low-organic load thereby to optimizing the energy distribution of activated sludge system for energy saving     

Activated Sludge Settling Process in the Batch Settling Tests

Based on the batch settling tests,the discipline of zone and compression settling activated sludge are studied.The parameters of Vesilind form used for estimation of stirred zone settling are determined by the experimental measurement and experiential formula,and the significant differences between them are found.According to the regression relation between height of the sludge blanket(SBH) and time,a mathematical model describing compression settling is(advanced) and the methods for its parameters estimation are structured.Furthermore,the validation of the model is(approved) by the experiments. From the model,the authors deduce a theoretical equation for determining the change-over point where the compression settling commences,and a new experiential velocity function of compression settling related to the settling time,initial sludge concentration and SBH.