6种药剂对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果及其残留量的比较

为了筛选针对枸杞炭疽病的高效低残留农药,选用戊唑醇等6种药剂,就其药效及农药残留情况进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:施药后第7天,43%戊唑醇(SC)2 000倍液、40%氟硅唑(EC)6 000倍液、50%异菌脲(WP)1 000倍液、25%嘧菌酯(SC)1 000倍液、25%苯醚甲环唑(EC)1 000倍液和50%多菌灵(WP)500倍液对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果分别为97.00%、76.67%、69.33%、59.00%、56.00%和28.67%,施药后第10天的防治效果分别为92.50%、65.55%、47.41%、45.59%、45.44%和6.44%;戊唑醇的防治效果最好,氟硅唑次之。枸杞干果中戊唑醇的残留含量为2.60 mg·kg-1,低于最大残留限量;氟硅唑的残留含量为0.16 mg·kg~(-1),高于最大残留限量。6种试验药剂中只有戊唑醇符合高效低残留农药的筛选标准,可用于采果期枸杞炭疽病的防治。     

几种常见的杀菌剂防治草坪病害的药效试验

通过选用常见的8种不同的杀菌剂,在禾本科草坪草早熟禾、高羊茅、黑麦草混合草坪地进行了防病试验,结果显示,防治效果较好的杀菌剂是12.5%烯唑醇WP1000倍液、40%五氯硝基苯WP500倍液、25%敌力脱EC1000倍液、70%代森锰锌1200倍液,防治效果均在50%以上。     

10种杀菌剂对大叶黄杨褐斑病田间防治试验

10种杀菌剂对大叶黄杨褐斑病Cercospora destructiva Rav田间防治试验表明:50%腐霉利WP、50%甲基硫菌灵WP、50%多菌灵超微WP 500～800倍液,15%三唑酮WP 500倍液对大叶黄杨褐斑病防治效果较好.在发病前第1次施药,以后每隔15 d施药1次,共3次.为减缓抗药性产生,建议在生产中交替使用这4种杀菌剂.     

五种杀虫剂对绿鳞象甲的生物活性研究

采用微量点滴法和浸液饲喂法分别测定了5种常用杀虫剂对绿鳞象甲Hypomeces squamosus成虫的生物活性,结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素乳油(EC)的触杀活性较高,致死中浓度LC50为5.71 mg/L;1.8%阿维菌素EC和20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂(WP)的胃毒作用较强,2种药剂的LC50分别为15.30 mg/L和12.24 mg/L;4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC和10%联苯菊酯EC对绿鳞象甲的触杀和胃毒活性均较差。田间防治显示,喷药后5 d,1.8%阿维菌素EC 1500和3000倍液对绿鳞象甲的校正死亡率分别为96.46%和87.18%,20%啶虫脒WP 2000和4000倍液分别为91.59%和82.74%。推荐1.8%阿维菌素EC和20%啶虫脒WP用于生产防治。     

永泰县李树桑白蚧发生规律调查及防治

李树桑白蚧是福州市永泰县李树上的重要害虫之一。通过对2007—2008年李树桑白蚧发生规律调查和田间药效试验,基本掌握了永泰县李树桑白蚧的发生规律:第一代卵孵化高峰期为3月下旬末至4月上旬;第二代为5月下旬中期至6月上旬中期;第三代为7月下旬初至8月上旬初,第四代9月下旬初至10月上旬初。田间防治要在(2月下旬至3月上旬)越冬2龄若虫脱出蜡堆和卵孵化高峰期,用40%速扑杀EC1 200倍液,或48%乐斯本EC1 200倍液,或25%吡蚜酮WP2 000倍液加25%噻嗪酮WP1 500倍液喷雾防治,间隔7d喷药1次,连续喷药2次,防治效果均在90%以上。     

百部·楝·烟等药剂防治樟巢螟药效试验初报

通过对香樟害虫樟巢螟的防治试验表明:百部·楝·烟500倍,25%灭幼脲3号B型(SL)1 200倍,灭幼脲3号(SL)1 200倍,灭蛾灵(AS)500倍,51%克苏WP1 000倍,55%快绿扬1 000倍液对樟巢螟都有较好的控制作用,防效分别为92.7%、93.7%、77.5%、88.5%、91.9%、94.8%,是目前理想的绿色环保型农药.     

核桃不同品种对褐斑病抗性调查及化学防治药剂的筛选

为了有效防治由链格孢菌Alternaria alternata引起的核桃褐斑病,作者调查四川地区11个核桃主栽品种,选取5种化学药剂进行平皿抑菌试验,并对这5种药剂的18种复配剂进行田间防治试验。结果表明:高度抗病品种有辽核1号、鲁光,相对抗性指数达88.14和94.89;中度抗病的有清香核桃;低度抗病的有西扶2号、硕星、川核2号;中度感病的有香玲、新疆核桃、川核1号;高度感病的有中林5号和夏早核桃。50%异菌脲WP 600,800,1 000倍液的平皿抑菌率均高于80%;25%咪酰胺EC 1 000倍液+50%异菌脲WP 600倍液田间防治率为63.92%。建议在四川推广种植高抗品种辽核1号、鲁光,淘汰高感品种;应用25%咪酰胺EC 1 000倍液+50%异菌脲WP 600倍液防治核桃褐斑病。     

云杉幼树落叶松球蚜瘿蚜防治试验初报

通过4种不同药剂对落叶松球蚜瘿蚜进行防治试验,结果表明:40%氧化乐果EC1000倍液防治效果相对较差;而10%吡虫啉WP1 000倍液、25%噻虫嗪WG3 000倍液、3%定虫脒EC1 500倍液平均杀虫效果均能达到90%以上,且不易使害虫对其产生交互抗性。     

4种杀虫剂对枸杞红瘿蚊幼虫的药效比较

为了提高对枸杞红瘿蚊幼虫的化学防治效果,选用5%的啶虫脒(EC)、20%的噻虫嗪(WG)、10%的吡虫啉(WP)和1.8%阿维菌素(EC)这4种具有内吸性或渗透性的杀虫剂进行室内和田间药效试验。试验结果表明:5%的啶虫脒2 000倍液、20%的噻虫嗪4 000倍液和10%的吡虫啉2 000倍液对枸杞果内红瘿蚊幼虫均有显著的防治效果,施药后第4天,室内校正防治效果分别为99.08%、98.43%和99.64%,田间校正防治效果分别为98.71%、98.58%和98.45%;而1.8%阿维菌素2 000倍液的防治效果较差,施药后第4天,室内和田间校正防治效果分别为42.27%和38.02%,其与啶虫脒、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉防治效果的差异达到了极显著水平。室内和田间药效试验结果表现一致,该结果能够为生产上枸杞红瘿蚊幼虫的化学防治起到指导作用。     

合欢羞木虱在东营的发生及化学防治试验

在合欢羞木虱生物学观察的基础上,开展室内外化学药剂防治试验。结果表明,合欢羞木虱在山东省东营市1 a发生2~3代,成虫寿命15~17 d,世代重叠较明显,发生期从5月中下旬至11月上中旬。若虫5龄,在室温27~28℃时,卵孵化历期约4.7 d,孵化率70%左右。8月中下旬和9月中旬各有1次明显的危害高峰期。3%高渗苯氧威(百壳矢)EC 2000,2500倍液、40%杀扑磷EC1000倍液或10%吡虫啉WP 1500,2000倍液防治效果较好,可在生产中应用推广。     

杨树壳梭孢溃疡病菌的室内毒力测定

在室内培养条件下,采用生长速率法测定了6种常用杀菌剂对杨树壳梭孢溃疡病菌Fusicco-cum fesculi的抑制效果,结果表明:80%代森锰锌WP和50%异菌脲WP对F.fesculi抑制效果最好,EC50值分别是38.175,41.947 mg/L;70%甲基硫菌灵WP2,5%三唑酮WP和75%百菌清WP抑菌效果次之,EC50值分别是137.43,149.90,205.98 mg/L;60%多菌灵WP抑菌效果最差,EC50值是419.91 mg/L。     

稷山板枣枣缩果病防治技术研究

山西省稷山县各大板枣主产区枣缩果病危害严重,2010年笔者对其进行了田间药剂防治试验,结果表明：除75%百菌清可湿性粉剂1 000倍液外,各处理的防治效果与对照之间均达到了显著差异;85%枣病克星可湿性粉剂600倍液的防治效果与75%百菌清可湿性粉剂800倍液和1 000倍液,85%枣病克星可湿性粉剂800倍液和1 000倍液,75%百菌清可湿性粉剂1 000倍液＋72%硫酸链霉素1 000万单位3‰液5个处理间差异显著;75%百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液＋72%硫酸链霉素1 000万单位3‰液和75%百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液两个处理防治效果与75%百菌清可湿性粉剂1 000倍液处理间差异显著。     

Management of needle blight (Lophodermium pinastri) disease in Blue pine trees in Kashmir,India

Evaluation of various fungicides against needle blight disease of pine was carried out at Sheri Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Kashmir(India) during the year 2008 and 2009. Application of various fungicides were evaluated in vivo at different concentrations. However in both, mist-chamber and poly-chamber, the Blue pine(Pinus wallichiana Jackson)seedlings treated with hexaconazole 5EC(@ 0.03 %) or carbendazim 50WP(@ 0.1 %) depicted significantly less disease incidence and intensity. The seedlings treated with mancozeb 75WP(@ 0.3 %) and chlorothalonil 75WP(@0.3 %) exhibited less disease incidence and intensity.Increase in relative humidity from 60 to 100 % significantly enhanced needle blight disease incidence and intensity. In field trial the fungitoxicants used either as single spray or protectant followed by systemic fungitoxicant spray significantly reduced disease incidence in Blue pine compared to check. The mean disease incidence in fungitoxicant treated plants varied from 11.82 to 25.51 %as compared to 36.03 % in control.     

香荚兰镰刀菌根腐病药剂毒力测定及幼根接种防治试验

在ＰＤＡ含毒介质上的试验表明,苯莱特（５０％ＷＰ）、多菌灵（５０％ＷＰ）、甲基托布津（７０％ＷＰ）抑菌效果最好,稀释３０万倍的药液对尖孢镰刀菌抑菌率分别为１００％、９１．９％、６７．９％,而粉锈灵（１５％ＷＰ）３０００倍液,抑菌率仅为７０．１％;苯莱特、粉锈灵１５００倍液对腐皮镰刀菌抑菌率仅为９４．４％和１４．０％。苯莱特和粉锈灵对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果明显高于腐皮镰刀菌。抑菌圈法试验,多菌灵、苯莱特５００～１０００倍液对腐皮菌的防效又优于尖孢镰刀菌,而粉锈灵对２种镰刀菌均不产生抑菌圈。香荚兰幼根接种药效试验,粉锈灵对尖孢镰刀菌防效最好（５６．６％）,多菌灵、甲基托布津次之（５１．６％、５０．９％）,而苯莱特较差（４０．４％）。粉锈灵１０００倍液浸泡１ｈ和盆栽施药,均对香荚兰幼根产生药害。     

猕猴桃果实霉斑病防治试验

采用不同药剂、不同防治时间和间隔期对猕猴桃果实霉斑病进行防治试验，结果表明：用75％百菌清(Chorothalcnil)和70％甲基托布津(Thiophanate-Methyl)800—1000倍液防治效果较好，施药间隔期75％百菌清和70％甲基托布津以12d、50％多菌灵(Carbendazin)以7d较为合理。     

原色荔枝干护色工艺

研究了荔枝干制过程中的护色工艺与果干色泽的关系,通过正交试验探讨了漂烫时间、漂烫液酸含量、Vc含量、ZnCl2含量对果干色泽的影响,得出了最佳组合方案,即用含有2%酸液、0.3%ZnCl2的漂烫液漂烫10 s.     

4种药剂防治美国山核桃黑斑病林间药效试验

为有效防治美国山核桃黑斑病的发生,2017年在浙江省建德市美国山核桃Carya illinoensis林病害始发期和盛发期通过林间试验比较了75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂4 000倍液、苯甲·嘧菌脂悬浮剂1 500倍液、苯甲·丙环唑乳油2000倍液、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂400倍液4种不同杀菌剂对美国山核桃黑斑病病原菌小孢拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis microspore的防治试验。结果表明:除80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂(保护性杀菌剂)400倍液防治效果略差外,其他3种杀菌剂(治疗性杀菌剂)对美国山核桃叶片和果实黑斑病均有较好的防治效果,落叶期推迟时间和产量增量均显著高于对照组。其中施用75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂4 000倍液对美国山核桃病叶、病果防治效果最好,分别为97.06%和98.16%;落叶期推迟时间最长,比对照推迟98 d;产量增加最大,为对照的362.86%;其次为苯甲·嘧菌脂悬浮剂1 500倍液。研究结果表明,75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂4 000倍液、苯甲·嘧菌脂悬浮剂1 500倍液、苯甲·丙环唑乳油2 000倍液3种治疗性防治药剂能有效防治美国山核桃黑斑病。     

Leaching of propiconazole and chlorothalonil during production of pinus sylvestris seedlings in containers

The risk of environmental contamination by pesticides is not well known in container production of forest seedlings. Leaching of propiconazole (Tilt 250 EC^®) and chlorothalonil (Bravo 500^®) from peat container medium into the ground was monitored during three growing seasons in nursery production of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. Fungicides were applied at about 20 day intervals from the end of July until November. The annual load of leached propiconazole (25–183 g active ingredients ha^‐1) was greater than that of chlorothalonil (5 to 82 g active ingredients ha^‐1). The proportion of leached to applied propiconazole was large, 4–29%, but less than 1% of the applied chlorothalonil was detected in leachates. The downstream percolation of water in the soil beneath the container area was small. After extra irrigation into the ground, the detected concentrations of chlorothalonil in soil water 0.5 m beneath the ground surface were 0.4–2.4 μg 1^‐1.     

Control of verticillium wilt in Cotinus coggygria

We analyzed the inhibition rates of eight kinds of fungicides to the pathogen of verticillium wilt of smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria) by measuring mycelium growth. Results show that four fungicides (Weijunjing, thiophanate-methyl 70% WP (wettable powder), carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei) have the best antifungal effects. Three fungicides, Weijunjing, carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei, were selected to determine the control of verticillium wilt in potted smoke tree seedlings. We found that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing was up to 74%. Based on the results, Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were prepared for field trials. The results indicate that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing (300 times diluted) and carbendazim 50% WP (400 times diluted) were 66.2% and 48.9% in plot 1 and 26.4% and 31.8% in plot 2 after soil disinfection, and were 224% and 61.8% in plot 3 without soil disinfection in 2007. The relative efficacy of Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were 49.6% and 45.4% in plot 2 in 2008.     

山西省交城县枣缩果病防治技术研究

针对山西省交城县枣产区危害严重的枣缩果病,于2011年对其进行田间药剂防治试验。结果表明：除菌速清水剂800倍液处理外,其余处理的防治效果与对照均差异显著。其中,75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1000倍液＋72％硫酸链霉素1000万单位3％o液防治效果最好,达到97．6％．85％枣病克星可湿性粉剂600倍液,70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂200倍液,75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1000倍液,50％多硫悬浮剂600倍液,70％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂200倍液＋72％硫酸链霉素1000万单位3‰液,75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1000倍液＋72％硫酸链霉素1000万单位3％。液6个处理防治效果差异不显著,与菌速清水剂800倍液处理差异显著。