草坪草耐践踏性研究进展

从耐践踏性的概念及其研究方法、践踏对草坪草的具体影响、草坪草耐践踏性的影响因素等方面,综述了国内外草坪草耐践踏性研究进展。     

草坪草耐践踏机理研究

耐践踏性是衡量草坪质量的重要指标之一。该文从草坪草形态解剖结构、细胞壁成分、代谢调节、矿质营养和水分等方面,综述了草坪草耐践踏性的生理机理。     

层次分析法在草坪耐践踏性研究中的应用

采用层次分析法对3种草坪草耐践踏性进行了综合评价.结果表明:综合评分在4.0以上的有轻、中度践踏下的结缕草和轻度践踏下的草地早熟禾;综合评分在3.0~4.0之间的有轻度践踏下的高羊茅、中度践踏下的草地早熟禾和重度践踏下的结缕草;评分在3.0以下的有重度践踏下的草地早熟禾和中重度践踏下的高羊茅.3种草坪草综合耐践踏能力:结缕草>草地早熟禾>高羊茅.     

北京地区草坪部分草种类及生长情况的调查

以随机抽样方法对北京地区草坪草部分种类及生物学特性进行调查.结果表明北京地区栽植的草坪草以冷地型草坪草为主,其中草地早熟禾栽植最广,全年绿期最长;高羊茅、结缕草最耐践踏;高羊茅杂草较多;每种草坪草中都有不同品种,其中草地早熟禾品种数量较多.     

践踏强度对不同坪床结构狗牙根地上部生长的影响

在6种沙基结构坪床上建植狗牙根草坪,用特制践踏器进行4种强度的践踏处理。结果表明:轻度践踏对草坪草高度、盖度和密度的影响较小;中度和重度践踏对草坪会造成较大损伤,草坪的叶片长度和干重急剧下降,盖度和密度严重减少。不同坪床结构中,表土铺沙厚度为20~25 cm处理的草坪草植株生长较差;全土处理的草坪草,在不践踏时,生长较好,但是在践踏胁迫下,植株的干重、密度和盖度的变化幅度均较大;土表铺沙厚度为5~15 cm处理的草坪草在不践踏时生长较好,在践踏胁迫下,各指标的变化幅度较小。     

上海结缕草在开放式公共绿地中的应用及养护关键技术

针对公园、开放式绿地的草坪不耐践踏,只能远观不可亲近的弊端,推广应用了耐践踏草坪上海结缕草,结合上海结缕草的特征特性,并介绍了其在养护、管理方面的关键技术,以供参考。     

13个早熟禾品种的草坪草特性比较

草坪的建植在城市建设中已越来越受到人们的重视。世界各国已培育出许多能适应于不同环境、不同用途的草坪草。早熟禾(Poa pratensis)中的一些品种,由于具备绿色期长、草色美、叶片柔韧、耐践踏、耐修剪、耐寒、耐热、耐旱和易繁殖等特点,早被认为是优良的草坪草种。 为了寻找适宜南京地区建立草坪用的早     

优良草坪植物——马尼拉草

草坪植物是建设城市生态环境的重要组成部分。近年,山东青岛市从日本引进了马尼拉草。经7年的栽培试验,该草适应青岛的气候和土壤等自然条件,表现为绿色期长、耐寒、耐干旱、耐瘠薄、生长茂密、耐践踏、有弹性、草色翠绿、观赏价值极高。一般无病虫害,分蘖力强,覆盖度高。宜用分株或播种繁殖。在肥沃的土壤上栽培,生长迅速。3月下旬开始萌芽,12月中旬枯黄,绿期长达270天,在华南地区可冬夏常绿。可作庭园观赏性草坪、公共绿地草坪和运动场草坪,效果极佳。已在重庆、南京、广州、济南等城市推广。马尼拉草具根状茎,叶片条状披针形,短而扁平,质柔软,总状花序,小穗披针形,两侧压扁,紫褐色,具有每年春秋两季开花的奇异特性。     

优秀乡土草种——结缕草

近几年，我国北方许多城市大力铺建草坪，产生了良好的景观效果。目前，北方城市种植的草坪以绿期长、色泽好的进口冷季型草居多。但是进口冷季型草坪的弱点是养护要求精细，费用高，耗水相对比暖季型草要多一些。而国产结缕草是一种既耐干旱又耐践踏，生长非常强健的暖季型草坪草种。结缕草产于我国山西、江苏、山东、辽宁诸省及日本、朝鲜等国，     

沟叶结缕草在安康市运动功能的评价研究

以沟叶结缕草为研究材料,对其盖度、耐践踏性、草坪弹性、再生能力等运动功能指标调查测定,并对其运动功能进行综合评定（9分制）。结果表明,在中等养护管理水平下沟叶结缕草在安康市适宜做为运动草坪;其运动功能评分为7.6。沟叶结缕草为安康市优质的运动草坪草,宜推广使用。     

Factors leading to spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture and turfgrass quality within sand-capped golf course fairways

Precision irrigation utilizing soil moisture data and valve-in head sprinkler systems may be a viable solution for sustainable water management on complex turfgrass areas. There is currently no research investigating the factors that influence soil moisture and turfgrass quality variability within sand-capped golf course fairways to aid in precision irrigation-related management decisions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure several turfgrass and soil characteristics from two sand-capped fairways during dry down events from either rainfall or irrigation to determine their relationship and contribution to soil moisture and turfgrass quality variability. Considerable spatiotemporal variability was observed within the two fairways during the dry down periods. Factors that were found to have a significant influence on soil moisture and turfgrass quality were sand capping depth, elevation, and thatch depth, but these relationships were not consistent between rainfall versus irrigation events, days after dry down, or even the specific fairways. Also, the direction of many of the relationships were opposite of what was expected. These findings highlight the complexity of soil moisture and turfgrass quality variability on sand-capped golf course fairways. To incorporate soil moisture sensor technologies into large-scale precision irrigation practices, mapping soil moisture with an understanding of contributing factors is a necessary preliminary step. Although there are several current practical limitations, the information presented in this study provides a foundation for future research.

     

Spatiotemporal variation of site-specific management units on natural turfgrass sports fields during dry down

Site-specific management units (SSMUs) are fundamental for the implementation of Precision Turfgrass Management. Short-term spatiotemporal variations of soil compaction and turfgrass vigor may be dynamic during a dry down period on natural turfgrass sports fields. This is due to the inverse relationship between soil compaction and soil moisture/drought stress, which may impact SSMU delineation and identification of site-specific deficient areas within a field. The spatiotemporal change of soil moisture, soil compaction, and turfgrass vigor SSMUs [as measured by volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance, and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)] were evaluated three times during a dry down from rainfall on native soil and sand capped natural turfgrass sports fields. The relationship of penetration resistance and NDVI with VWC was strongest and only significant on the native soil field during the dry down period. In general, as the fields dried, the magnitude of VWC SSMUs and NDVI SSMUs decreased, while the magnitude of penetration resistance SSMUs increased. This phenomenon was more drastic on the native soil field. Significant changes in spatial distributions were observed for VWC SSMUs and penetration resistance SSMUs on the native soil field; however, minimal changes were reported on the sand capped field. The spatial distributions of NDVI SSMUs were minimal on both fields. It is concluded that short-term spatiotemporal variations of SSMUs on sports fields during a dry down can be significant and considerations should be made prior to sampling based on the objective.     

提高草坪草抗旱性措施的研究进展

干旱胁迫是限制草坪草生长的一个主要因素。抗旱性一直是草坪草建植的研究焦点之一。从现有的种质资源、外源性物质、土壤改良剂以及管理措施等方面对近几年提高草坪草抗旱性措施的研究进展进行综述,提出了增强草坪草抗旱性未来研究的方向,旨在为进一步开展草坪草抗旱措施研究提供理论基础。     

Precision turfgrass management: challenges and field applications for mapping turfgrass soil and stress

Spatial and temporal variation of soil, climate, plants and irrigation requirements are challenges for modern agriculture and complex turfgrass sites. Precision agriculture (PA) evolved to improve site-specific management based on obtaining site-specific information. The focus of this concept paper is on the emerging area of precision turfgrass management (PTM) with attention given to: (a) comparing the concepts of PTM and PA in terms of driving forces and challenges that must be addressed for PTM to progress in science and practice and (b) discussion of specific field mapping applications (purposes) for different turfgrass situations such as golf courses, sod production fields and sports fields. The field applications relate to site-specific management of irrigation, salinity, fertilizer application and cultivation. To illustrate the potential for PTM, different approaches that may be necessary for PTM compared to PA are discussed. The initial factor that hindered the adoption of PTM has been the lack of mobile sensor platforms that can determine both key soil and plant properties for turfgrass situations. This paper concentrates on PTM field applications that involve mapping of both soil and plant attributes, in contrast to only optical sensing mapping.     

国外优良草坪草在北京引种适应性研究

为使我国草坪草引种决策有依据 ,该文根据我国各地的气候特征将我国草坪草划分为 9个气候生态带 ,并建立了草坪草的引种试验评定体系 .经过 3a的引种试验 ,结果表明 ,草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和高羊茅等大多数品种均能良好适应北京地区的土壤和气候 .     

豫南地区雨季草坪杂草防治措施

依据豫南地区实际,提出了草种选择、建坪前整地、播种时间选择及杂草防治等雨季草坪杂草防治措施.     

草坪有害生物防治研究进展

综述了我国草坪有害生物包括病害、害虫以及杂草的主要发生种类,目前采用的主要防治方法及国内外草坪有害生物防治研究进展。指出了目前草坪有害生物防治中存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

兰州地区草坪病害及防治

兰州地区草坪草发生的主要病害有立枯病、叶腐病、叶斑病、叶锈病和白粉病 .危害最大的系立枯病 ,该病在高温高湿和N肥偏多的情况下有蔓延趋势 .发病初期喷施甲基托布津、代森锰锌和百菌清可有效防治 .叶腐病由腐霉属真菌的菌丝体危害所致 ,主要损害多年生黑麦草的叶片 ,影响植株分蘖 ,造成草坪自然稀疏 .叶斑病的发病率很高 ,不同草种和品种都有感染 ,影响草坪草的长势 ,但不致植株死亡 .叶锈病只见于管理差的多年生黑麦草 ,常在气温开始下降的秋季发生 .白粉病只见于草坪型白三叶 .     

草坪植物地下器官垂直分布的研究

７种草坪植物地下器官，在０～５ｃｍ深的土壤层中的根系，占全部根系年均长度的６２．９％．根系最长的是紫羊茅．为１０４１３０ｍ／ｍ２．其中５种草坪草的根状茎，占全部根拔茎平均长度的８０．６％，而根状茎最长的是草地早熟禾，为１６２６ｍ／ｍ２．根系长度的８９％与根状茎长度的９３％左右，都集中在１０ｃｍ深的土壤层中．     

Heavy Metal Control in Domestic Rubbish by Source Screening and Suitability of Nutrient Elements as Turfgrass Medium

This paper, probing into heavy metal control in domestic rubbish by source screening and nutrient element analysis, revealed the feasibility of source control of heavy metals and the suitability of rubbish as turfgrass medium. Heavy metals in domestic rubbish were controlled by source screening before composting. The study consisted of a control with garden soil. The contents of main mineral elements and heavy metals in rubbish compost and control were determined by the method of ICP-AES. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in rubbish were lower than those in garden soil, and little difference occurred between rubbish and garden soil in main mineral element concentrations. Based on this, it was concluded that rubbish compost was favorable for using as turfgrass medium and heavy metal control in rubbish by source screening was effective.