园林植物滞尘功能研究概述

伴随着人们对生活环境要求水平的提高,园林植物生态效益越来越受到人们的关注,而园林植物可以有效地阻滞灰尘,提高空气质量。主要对城市中常见园林植物滞尘能力的研究情况进行综述,多角度分析了不同植物及群落的滞尘能力及影响植物滞尘能力的因素,以便为后人进一步研究植物滞尘能力提供参考,进而在城市绿地规划时选择出滞尘效果较好的园林植物,并作出最佳的植物配置,更好地发挥园林植物的美学和生态功能。     

针刺采胶的最新研究

乳管的产胶能力主要取决于对乳管的糖的供应。而这种供应受到多种因子的影响,其中最主要的是受光合活动和韧皮部中糖的运转的影响。常规割胶时割去了韧皮部组织,因而严重地削弱了糖的运转。树皮消耗越多,其影响就越大。 这些观察结果引起了人们对不伤害输导系统采胶技术的研究:在用乙烯利处理的垂直带进行多点针刺采胶的试验,已取得令人鼓舞的效果。1973年的实践证明,一改无性系GT1的常规割胶为在再生皮上方的原生皮上针刺采胶后,大大地改善了乳管中糖的供应,并使胶乳的总固形物保     

对植物针灸有良效

对植物针灸有良效近年来，西方科学家利用中国针灸原理给植物治病，取得了可喜的成效。另外，一些国家的园艺师还应用中国针灸原理，在植物栽培过程中施行针刺，也取得了良好的效果。研究结果表明，象多色玫瑰及樱草花，经针刺后开花的数目更多，桉树、松树等长得更茂盛，...     

探析生态园林景观设计中的植物配置

当下人们的生活水平日益提高,对生活环境的要求也越来越高,而生态园林景观则可以在一定程度上满足当前人们的精神需求。良好的生态园林景观,不仅可以提高人们的生活品质,还能净化城市的生态环境,让自然和人达到和谐共生的情景,可以说生态园林景观已经成为衡量一个城市居民幸福程度的重要指数。简要分析生态园林景观设计植物的内涵特征、整个系统中植物的功能、配置原则,依据分析结果探讨生态园林景观设计中植物配置的措施,以期为设计建造者提供一定的借鉴思路。     

土壤重金属危害及修复措施

土壤重金属污染问题日益受到人们的关注。从土壤重金属污染的内涵及特点出发,阐述了土壤重金属污染对植物、土壤动物、土壤酶以及通过食物链对人类的危害。在此基础上,对土壤重金属污染的修复措施进行了概述,主要包括物理修复、化学修复、植物修复及微生物修复等。可以预料,土壤重金属污染修复将向着植物修复和微生物修复的方向发展,并且多种修复方法的综合使用将受到越来越多的重视。     

海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林生理生态功能群特征

在海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林,野外测定获得3个与植物-大气相互作用直接相关的生理生态特性指标(最大净光合速率、最大气孔导度和比叶面积),应用等级聚类分析和NMS排序方法对热带山地雨林的主要植物进行功能群划分,分析热带山地雨林4个演替阶段(初期、早期、中期和后期)生理生态功能群组成及其动态规律。结果表明:海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林的87个主要植物种类可划分为8个功能群,检验结果显示功能群间存在显著差异,而功能群内同质性较高;功能群的丰富度及相对多度在不同演替阶段差异显著;功能群的丰富度在演替初期最低,演替早、中期最高,演替后期略有降低;演替初期的优势功能群光合能力强,水分利用效率低,演替早、中期的优势功能群光合能力、水分利用效率均为中等;演替后期的优势功能群光合能力偏低,水分利用效率高。     

鼠的天敌——植物猫

老鼠是人们生活中一大公害。在同鼠害斗争实践中,人们不断地创造和发明了许许多多新的防鼠灭鼠方法,如利用柴些植物来驱鼠灭鼠,就是劳动人民智慧的结晶。人们把这些具有躯鼠功能的植物,称之为“植物猫”。采用植物驱鼠既经济,又方便,灭鼠率高,驱鼠效果好,对人、畜十分安全,无二次中毒的危险,有利于维护生态平衡,是具有发展前途的防鼠灭鼠措施。驱鼠和     

木本植物对大气重金属污染物铅、镉吸收积累作用的初步研究

一、前言大气重金属污染物铅、镉等由于具有较强的积累性,对人体健康及人类生活造成潜在性危害,所以引起了普遍的关注。铅、镉污染的主要来源为有色金属冶炼,动力燃烧以及镉处理等。它们从污染源排出后,以气溶胶,飘尘和粉尘的形式存在于大气环境中。铅、镉被植物吸收后,移动性很小,常积累于器官中。植物对铅、镉的耐力较强,往往外表表现正常的植物却积累有相当量的重金属。这些植物如为牧草或食用植物就会给人们造成严重危害;而木本植物主要用于造林绿化,不是构成食物链的环节,所以能起到对大气重金属污染的净化作用。     

青岛城市园林植物中的有毒植物研究

指出了近几年绿化建设取得了突飞猛进的进步,绿化率越来越高,但绿地中有些植物为人们的生活带来美的享受的同时却对人体有毒害作用的,人们应善于识别,趋利避害。阐述了有毒植物的概念及栽培现状,分析了有毒植物的毒性原理,提出了一些应用中的注意事项,并展望了园林有毒植物的开发、利用前景。     

杭州竹类资源的景观利用

竹类植物是城市森林的重要组成部分之一,杭州是城市建设中利用竹类植物资源美化环境的典范。通过全面调查杭州竹类植物资源在城市园艺上的应用,对杭州竹类植物资源利用特征和功能进行了分析和总结,并提出了利用竹类植物资源更好地服务于城市园林绿化的一些建议。       

超临界CO2萃取沙棘油工艺研究

山西省具有丰富的沙棘资源,沙棘油又是一种高附加值的产品,为了充分利用自然资源,造福于民,该文就超临界CO2萃取沙棘油工艺进行了研究,通过试验找出了超临界CO2萃取沙棘油的最佳中试工艺条件。     

佤族野生食用植物资源的民族植物学研究

沧源佤族自治县拥有142 820佤族人口,是云南省佤族分布最多的一个县。通过对文献资料的查阅收集和整理,以当地佤族人为向导,运用民族植物学研究方法对沧源野生食用植物资源进行调查。结果表明,沧源佤族民间传统食用野生植物有105种,隶属52科78属。根据民间的食用用途,当地民间野生食用植物可分为野生蔬菜、野果、调味品3种主要类型。其中可作为野生蔬菜食用的有69种,野果有34种,用于调料的植物有8种,野生食用植物以幼嫩枝叶（60.95%）和果类（39.05%）为主。佤族野生食用植物的传统知识,在食物新资源的开发利用方面具有重要的参考价值。     

皂荚良种选育研究

皂荚是河南省重要的乡土树种,近年来皂荚的果实及刺的价值不断提高,各地种植皂荚的积极性日益高涨,皂荚良种苗需求不断增大,传统的种子播种的实生苗已经严重影响皂荚的经济效益,选育良种迫在眉睫。河南省林科院皂荚良种选育课题组经过6年研究,选育出了河南优良乡土树种硕刺皂荚和密刺皂荚,对改善我省山区生态环境、巩固退耕还林成果、促进山区农民脱贫致富都具有重要意义。     

Plant use and management in homegardens and swiddens: evidence from the Bolivian Amazon

Amazonian plant management is perhaps nowhere as intense as in homegardens and swiddens. A quantitative ethnobotanical study was conducted in Indigenous Territory and National Park Isiboro-Sécure, Bolivia, to investigate plant use and management in homegardens and swiddens by local Yuracaré and Trinitario ethnic groups. Ethnobotanical data of plants were obtained from 11 Yuracaré and 11 Trinitario participants through semistructured interviews. A total of 151 different cultivated or tolerated species was recorded, accounting for 21% of all inventoried plants considered useful to local Yuracarés and Trinitarios. The local use value of managed plants is almost twice that of wild plants. Managed plants score particularly higher than wild plants for medicinal, food and material applications. Most managed plants are herbs, followed by trees and shrubs. Nevertheless, managed trees have significantly higher overall use values than all other life forms. Managed trees tend to be particularly more appreciated as sources of food and materials, whereas herbaceous plants generally have a higher therapeutic value. Our results support observations made in literature that moderately humanized landscapes, and homegardens and swiddens in particular, are an important source of food and healing for forest people. Although people generally start managing plants in homegardens and swiddens because of their perceived usefulness, they are also favourable locations to experiment with the usefulness of (managed or wild) plants prevailing there. This particularly accounts for medicinal plants and it is argued that the use of managed plants in traditional medicine relates to (1) the high intensity of contact with theses species, and (2) their chemical defence strategy. To conclude, a number of policy recommendations are presented.     

Characterization,pathogenicity and host range studies of Paecilomyces formosus associated with dieback of Christ's thorn trees (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) in Iran

Christ's thorn (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) tree is an important and valuable forestry species and has significant potential in afforestation and reforestation systems. In recent years, dieback symptoms were observed on Paliurus spina-christi trees in Gilan-e Gharb region of Kermanshah province, west Iran. During 2020 to 2021, Christ's thorn trees that exhibit branch dieback symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. The pathogenicity tests, biochemical assay of growth, acid production on creatine sucrose agar (CREA) medium and morphological and molecular investigations (ITS and β-tubulin regions) identified Paecilomyces formosus as a dieback causal agent. This is the first report of P. formosus pathogenicity on Paliurus spina-christi trees. Furthermore, disease severity was assayed on 11 tree species under three different temperatures 15, 25 and 35°C. Disease severity caused by all isolates on detached branches was greater at 35°C than at 15 and 25°C. This study presents the host range of this pathogen and showed that these potential hosts are prone to this pathogen under high temperatures, which forest trees experienced in recent decades.     

刺嫩芽有性繁殖试验初报

刺嫩芽是近几年来市场上倍受人们青睐的1种森林蔬菜。在刺嫩芽野转家栽培过程中,由于种子自然萌发能力较弱,苗木供应不足,阻碍了其野转家栽培的进程。湖北省林业科学研究院鹤峰森林药材研究所经过2 a时间的研究,其结果表明:经过用醋处理了的刺嫩芽种子出苗量最多,为35株/m2,而未处理的仅为5株/m2。这一研究成果保证了刺嫩芽野转家栽培的苗木来源。     

乡土引鸟植物铁冬青Ilex rotunda在华南地区的生态景观营造初探

铁冬青Ilex rotunda是华南和华中地区优良红色类观果植物。据调查其能有效吸引17种具有生态价值的野生鸟类。结合铁冬青花期吸引传粉昆虫及果期引鸟的效果,通过孤植、列植、群植模式,将其与25种其他引鸟植物合理配置,进行园林景观营造、声景观构建与鸟类栖息地水景营造。结果表明铁冬青是优良的乡土引鸟植物,在生态引鸟的同时,丰富了植物景观群落,增强了景观的空间层次,营造了支撑复杂食物链的动植物栖息地。     

攀缘植物在城市绿化中的应用

攀缘植物分为缠绕、吸附、卷须、钩刺等种类,其应用形式有附壁式、悬挑式、篱栏式、棚架式、附柱式、屋顶绿化式6种.攀缘植物资源丰富,种类繁多,但是应用种类偏少,应用形式单调,应用范围不广.提出了增加攀缘植物种类、丰富应用形式、适地适材、加强养护管理等建议.     

Use and conservation of forest resources in the municipality of San Agustin Loxicha,Sierra Madre del Sur,Oaxaca, Mexico

The Sierra Madre del Sur, Oaxaca is considered an area with high diversity of ecosystems, and low levels of fragmentation due to human disturbance. An indigenous people, the Zapotecs, have inhabited this area for centuries and Zapotec communities have used and continue to make use of local resources for their subsistence. Agroforestry systems provide timber, firewood, and non-timber forest products to local communities. Despite the ecological and cultural relevance of this region, basic information about local practices of management and harvesting are lacking. Little is known about the possible effects of these practices on biodiversity conservation. The objectives of this study were: to determine the local uses of forest wood resources in the municipality of San Agustín Loxicha, to determine the tree species most used by the inhabitants of this municipality and to discuss the implications of this management in the conservation of plant cover in this Priority Terrestrial Region. The reported main use of tree species was firewood, obtained by gathering dry branches and bark, as well as by felling dead trees. To a lesser extent, tree species are used to build houses and make furniture. Local people collect trees from the surrounding vegetation, so the richness and abundance of tree species in the area surrounding each community will always influence the ability of the communities to meet their needs. These practices do not have drastic effects on plant cover, mainly in areas of established forests. These traditional practices are involved in an empirical strategy to conserve and manage local resources.     

切花月季的温室生产

选用2年生切花月季红色系品种萨蔓莎作试材，探讨其温室栽培中所留主枝多少与切花产量、质量的关系。试验结果表明：选留4条主枝的植株比选留6条、8条主枝的植株，切花产量高、质量好。选留主枝数量与各生长阶段所需时间长短无关。