凹唇壁蜂为果树授粉效果的研究

凹唇壁蜂属蜜蜂总科、切叶蜂科、壁蜂属，是耐低温、授粉效果较好的优势蜂种。在北京地区果园试验表明，利用凹唇壁蜂授粉后，苹果、梨、杏等的质量和产量都明显提高，具有很高的推广价值，是我国北方果园增产的有效措施之一。     

胶东地区凹唇壁蜂种群调查及限制因子分析

凹唇壁蜂(Osmia excavata Alfken)是山东苹果园的主要授粉昆虫,明确其种群特点及限制因子对于发挥其传粉增产功能有重要意义。本文通过取样调查蜂管,比较研究了山东省栖霞和牟平2个地点不同材质蜂管的壁蜂种群。结果表明:芦苇管和塑料管内巢室数、茧数显著多于塑料管;2个地点蜂茧长度差异显著,其中牟平的蜂茧长度大于栖霞;被螨寄生率、被捕食率与成茧数呈显著负相关关系。总之,壁蜂种群受到巢室材料和自然天敌等因子的影响。     

西方蜜蜂、中华蜜蜂和壁蜂大田红富士苹果授粉对比试验

由意蜂、中蜂和壁蜂为大田红富士苹果授粉试验得出：西方蜜蜂授粉的果树坐果率为43.99%,幼果重平均值1.2417g;中华蜜蜂授粉的果树坐果率为31.77%,幼果重平均值0.9231g;壁蜂授粉的果树的坐果率为31.06%,幼果重平均值0.9137g。证实了西方蜜蜂为大田红富士苹果的坐果率及幼果重最高。     

蜜蜂为苹果授粉增产技术研究

红富士苹果采用蜜蜂授粉技术坐果率达到23．9％,自然授粉组坐果率为9．2％,新红星苹果采用蜜蜂授粉技术后坐果率达到34．8％,自然授粉坐果率仅有8．5％;随着蜜蜂授粉次数的增加,坐果率也明显提高,蜜蜂授粉3次、5次、7次、9次的坐果率分别是11．9％、19％、21．7％和25％;蜜蜂授粉后,明显提高了幼果的生长速度,蜜蜂授粉15天后幼果平均重3．54克,自然授粉平均重仅有1．6克。利用蜜蜂为红富士苹果授粉平均单株结果69．8kg,比自然授粉结果31．88kg增产1．19倍;新红星苹果蜜蜂授粉的平均单株产量是87．5kg,比自然授粉的单株产量34．13kg增产1．56倍。蜜蜂授粉的果实口感要显著地好于自然授粉组。     

山东省果树蜜蜂授粉管理与效益分析

蜜蜂授粉期间蜂群管理的好坏直接影响到授粉的效果,也影响到蜂群的群势与蜂产品的产量。利用蜜蜂为苹果授粉可比自然授粉提高坐果率14%,幼果平均重增加118.9%,产量增产36.26%,经蜜蜂授粉的苹果果实果形及着色均优于自然授粉和棚内自然授粉;大棚樱桃通过蜜蜂授粉产量可达1000¹500 kg/亩,收入在6500元左右,是蜂农授粉收入近百倍,是自然状态下收入的十几倍。     

山东省果树蜜蜂授粉管理与效益分析

蜜蜂授粉期间蜂群的管理好坏直接影响到授粉的效果,也影响到蜂群的群势与蜂产品的产量。利用蜜蜂为苹果授粉可比自然授粉提高坐果率14%,幼果平均重增加118.9%,产量增产36.26%,经蜜蜂授粉的苹果果形及着色均优于自然授粉和棚内自然授粉;大棚樱桃通过蜜蜂授粉产量可达1000~1500 kg/亩,收入在6500元左右,是蜂农授粉收入近百倍,是自然状态下收入的十几倍。     

软条白沙枇杷蜜蜂授粉增产提质效果研究

金华市是浙江省枇杷的主产区之一,其中软条白沙品种皮薄、肉细嫩,经济价值高被广泛种植。研究者以蜜蜂为授粉媒介,选择软条白沙枇杷为试验对象进行了授粉增效研究。研究表明:蜂媒授粉组比自然授粉组坐果率提高3.16%,单株产量增加30.43%,畸形果率降低9%。蜂媒授粉组比无蜂授粉组坐果率提高5.84%,单株产量增加89.54%,畸形果率降低30%;蜂媒授粉组单果重、可食率、种子数、种子重量及果形指均显著优于自然授粉组和无蜂授粉组。     

苹果蜜蜂授粉研究

利用蜜蜂为苹果授粉可比自然授粉提高坐果率14%,幼果平均重增加118.9%,产量增产36.26%;比棚内自然授粉提高坐果率25-35.99%,幼果重平均增加45-50%,产量增产75-250%倍。经蜜蜂授粉的苹果果实果形及着色均优于自然授粉和棚内自然授粉。     

蜜蜂为苹果授粉增产试验

红富士苹果采用蜜蜂授粉技术坐果率达到29%,自然授粉组坐果率为15%,提高坐果率93%;蜜蜂授粉后明显提高了幼果的生长速度,17天后幼果平均重达3.15 g,自然授粉平均重仅为1.55 g,生长速度提高了1倍多;利用蜜蜂为红富士授粉平均单株结果 162.2 kg,比自然授粉结果 117.5 kg增产38%。蜜蜂授粉的果实口感显著好于自然授粉组。     

凹唇壁蜂、意大利蜜蜂与人工授粉对苹果授粉效果研究

【目的】提高苹果的座果率,并使授粉资源得到更合理利用;【方法】将壁蜂、蜜蜂和人工三种授粉方法互相配合,调查各组合授粉效果,同时对壁蜂的回收率进行调查;【结果】壁蜂、蜜蜂与人工授粉的座果率均比自然授粉有显著提高,壁蜂授粉效果好于蜜蜂和人工授粉,壁蜂的花朵座果率达到47．8％,花序座果率达到86．2％。壁蜂与蜜蜂协调应用,花朵座果率为61．9％,花序座果率为99．6％,显著增加了座果率,在对壁蜂的不同回收方式研究中,发现砖巢的回收率高于纸箱巢的回收率;【结论】证明了壁蜂授粉与蜜蜂授粉有互相补偿作用,几种授粉方法协调使用,可大大减少工作量和资金投入。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。