臭矢菜丛枝病植原体的分子鉴定研究

 本实验采用DAPI荧光显微镜、PCR、克隆和测序等技术,对海南臭矢菜丛枝病样进行了检测和鉴定。以染病臭矢菜总DNA为模板应用3对植原体特异性引物进行PCR扩增,获得PCR产物为16S rDNA(1 430 bp)、16S-23S rDNA(358bp)、rp DNA(1 294 bp)。应用DNA回收试剂盒获得了3个PCR扩增片断的纯化产物,并克隆到DH5α大肠杆菌中测序。应用DNAMAN和MEGA软件对获得的序列与NCBI数据库中植原体序列进行同源性分析和构建系统发育树。结果显示臭矢菜丛枝病植原体与花生丛枝病植原体序列同源性最高,16S rDNA的序列同源性为99.9%,16S-23S rDNA高达100%,rp为99.7%,因而将臭矢菜丛枝病植原体归为花生丛枝组(16SrⅡ),根据16S rDNA的RFLP分析,将其归为16SrⅡ-A亚组。     

玉米细菌性枯萎病菌PCR检测

 根据GenBank中玉米细菌性枯萎病菌及其近似种的16S序列差异,设计了一对玉米细菌性枯萎病菌特异性引物Ps2r/Ps3r,该引物能从供试的7株玉米细菌性枯萎病菌中特异性扩增出一条268 bp的预期条带,供试的32株近似种菌株都没有扩增产物;与国内外文献报道的其它5对特异性引物相比,除引物PSA/PSB外,引物DEP1/DEP2、ES16/ESIG2c、HRP1d/HRP3c和CPSL1/CPSR2c在不同程度上对部分近似种菌株出现了扩增。试验结果表明,引物Ps2r/Ps3r和PSA/PSB能特异性扩增玉米细菌性枯萎病菌,得到预期的扩增产物。对不同系列稀释度的DNA和玉米样品中病菌的检测结果表明,由引物Ps1/Ps4和Ps2r/Ps3r组合的巢式PCR方法的检测灵敏度高于引物ITSA/ITSB和PSA/PSB组合的巢式PCR方法,也高于Bio-PCR检测方法;前者可以检测到玉米种子中300 cfu/sample的目的细菌,该检测方法在进境玉米种子样品玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的检疫中具有比较理想的应有潜力和推广价值。     

杏褪绿卷叶植原体新疆分离物16S rDNA基因克隆与序列分析

利用植原体16S rDNA基因通用引物对新疆轮台县疑似杏褪绿卷叶病植株总DNA进行巢氏PCR检测,扩增出大小约1.2 kb的特异性条带。对扩增产物克隆和测序,确定特异片段大小为1248 bp。序列同源性比较和系统进化分析表明,新疆杏褪绿卷叶植原体不同分离株16S rDNA基因序列同源性极高,达到99.8%~100%。与16SrⅤ组成员的同源性达到98.2%以上,其中与16SrⅤ-B亚组的枣疯病植原体山东宝山分离株,甜樱桃绿化植原体山东分离株同源性最高,达到99.4%~99.6%。进一步虚拟RFLP分析,结果表明该植原体属于榆树黄化组(16SrⅤ)的一个新的亚组,与其相似性最高的是16SrⅤ-B亚组,相似系数为0.94。本研究首次报道了新疆杏褪绿卷叶植原体16S rDNA的序列,确定了其分类地位,为杏褪绿卷叶病的早期诊断和检测提供了基础。     

天津滨海新区泡桐丛枝病植原体16S rDNA基因序列分析

利用分子生物学技术对天津滨海新区泡桐丛枝病病原进行分类鉴定。采用植原体16S rDNA通用引物R16mF2/R16mR1对患病植株总DNA进行PCR扩增,得到约1.4 kb特异性片段。克隆测序、Blast比对和iPhyClassifier分析结果表明,天津滨海新区泡桐丛枝植原体16S rDNA基因片段长1 432 bp,与国内泡桐丛枝植原体PY株系相似性最高,达99.86%,归属于16SrI组(aster yellows group,翠菊黄化组)D亚组。系统树构建与分析显示,泡桐丛枝病天津滨海株PaWB-TJBH与16SrI其他亚组亲缘关系较近,同在16SrI组进化枝上,与16Sr I-D组亲缘关系最近;16S rDNA序列RFLP电子酶切图谱表明,PaWB-TJBH属于16SrI-D组一个成员,与同源性比较和系统进化分析结果一致。     

猕猴桃果腐病菌PCR和实时荧光PCR检测

为了快速、准确地鉴定猕猴桃果腐病菌(Neofabraea actinidiae),根据GenBank中N. actinidiae的β-tubulin序列设计特异引物NAC-F/R和探针NAC-P,建立了常规PCR和实时荧光PCR检测方法。利用引物NAC-F/R扩增供试的4株N. actinidiae能得到389 bp的预期目标条带,但扩增其他20个非N. actinidiae供试菌株不能得到预期产物,检测灵敏度为140 pg菌丝体DNA;探针NAC-P对供试4株N. actinidiae表现为阳性扩增,而对其他菌株和空白对照均表现为阴性扩增,检测灵敏度可达14 pg菌丝体DNA,比常规PCR高10倍。样品检测试验结果表明两种PCR方法可用于口岸植物检疫中快速、准确地检测猕猴桃果腐病菌。     

进境玉米中玉米内州萎蔫病菌的PCR检测

 为了快速准确检测进境玉米样品中的玉米内州萎蔫病菌Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis(Cmn), 根据GenBank中Cmn的16S-23S序列设计引物CM1/CM4和引物PSM1/CM3。引物PSM1/CM3仅能从供试的4株Cmn菌株中扩增获得208 bp的预期产物, 而其他36株对照菌株均不能扩增出预期条带。灵敏度测试结果表明引物CM1/CM4和PSM1/CM3组合的巢式PCR方法的检测灵敏度高于常规PCR, 检测灵敏度可达40 fg DNA或6.8 CFU目标细菌。常规PCR和巢式PCR方法对进境美国玉米样品的阳性检出率分别为8%和24%, 试验结果表明所建立的PCR方法可用于玉米样品中Cmn的快速检测。     

Duplex PCR 快速检测松材线虫

利用duplex PCR技术对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)与拟松材线虫(B. mucronatus)的rDNA部分核苷酸序列扩增.根据松材线虫与拟松材线虫的ITS1序列区别,设计出特异性引物,检测松材线虫的存在;在5.8S,28S保守序列区设计通用引物,检测伞滑刃线虫的存在.     

北京地区芹菜细菌性软腐病菌鉴定及其致病力分析

 对从北京地区芹菜软腐组织中分离到的37株细菌性软腐病菌株,进行了微生物碳源利用(Biolog^TM)、生化特性、特异性PCR、ITS-RFLP带型以及基于16S rDNA完整序列遗传关系分析。结果如下:菌株革兰氏染色阴性、具周生鞭毛;可在5%和7% NaCl及28℃和37℃条件下生长;可分解柠檬酸盐及液化明胶;Biolog分析将这些菌株均鉴定为Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc)。生化特性分析发现,其中36株菌株能利用D-山梨醇、D-阿拉伯糖醇、异麦芽酮糖和α-甲基葡萄糖苷,与对照菌株P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum(Pco)S7一致;另外1株菌株Q34不能利用上述糖醇,与对照菌株P. carotovorum subsp. brasilience (Pcb)BC1和P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum(Pcc)ECC71表现一致。利用pel(pectate lyase)基因特异性引物Y1/Y2在所有的37株菌株中均扩增出预期片段(434 bp),表明其基因组中均含有果胶酶基因。Pcb特异性PCR引物BR1f/L1r仅在Q34菌株与Pcb BC1中扩增出预期片段(322 bp),而Pcc特异性PCR引物EXPCCF/EXPCCR则在除Pcb BC1外所有菌株中均扩增出预期片段(550 bp)。Rsa I酶切16S-23S rDNA ITS片段结果显示,Q34酶切带型与Pcb BC1相同,其余36株带型与Pcc ECC71和Pco S7相同。基于16S rDNA基因完整序列,以Dickeya dadantii菌株582为外群,该37株菌株与已发表的Pectobacterium菌株系统发育树聚类分析结果表明,Q34与已发表的其他Pcb菌株形成了明显的Pcb类群,其余36株菌株则与已发表的其他Pco菌株形成了明显的Pco类群。综合多种鉴定结果,36株被鉴定为Pco,Q34被鉴定为Pcb。菌株致病力测试结果显示,36株Pco菌株中仅Q47表现为低等的致病力,其余24株和11株分别表现为中等和高等致病力;Pcb菌株Q34则表现出中等致病力。     

番茄细菌性髓部坏死病病原的鉴定

2015年,在广东省广州市番茄种植区发生番茄髓部坏死病,从番茄病样中分离到一种细菌。随机选取5株细菌进行致病性测定,结果显示,这5株细菌均可侵染番茄植株产生典型的髓部坏死症状,与田间病株的症状相同。5株细菌的16S rDNA序列间同源性为99.9%~100%,且与菊苣假单胞菌(Pseudomonas cichori)MAFF211996、TIs01和IP1-05菌株的16S rDNA序列同源性最高,为99%。利用菊苣假单胞菌hrcR基因的特异引物Hrp1a/Hrp2a进行PCR,从这5株细菌的DNA中均能扩增出大小约897 bp的特异片段;这些片段序列间同源性为99%~99.9%,且与P.cichori 83-1菌株hrcR基因的序列同源性为99.9%。这些结果表明,引起广东番茄髓部坏死病的病原为菊苣假单胞菌(P.cichorii)。生理生化试验显示,该病原菌与文献报道的菊苣假单胞菌的生理生化特征均相吻合,进一步证实引起广东番茄髓部坏死病的病原为菊苣假单胞菌。     

小麦蓝矮病植原体16S rDNA序列分析研究

 小麦蓝矮病是我国西北地区冬小麦上一种重要病害。本研究利用植原体16S rDNA通用引物对小麦蓝矮病患病植株全DNA进行nest-PCR扩增,获得1.2 kb的特异片段,并对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定,从分子水平证明了小麦蓝矮病的病原是植原体。利用最大简约法构建了16S rDNA系统演化树,系统演化关系分析表明:小麦蓝矮病植原体应该归属于翠菊植原体(Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris);小麦蓝矮病植原体与三叶草变叶病植原体(CPh)关系密切,被聚类为同一亚组(16Sr I-C),但是它们在寄主范围和传播介体等生物学性状方面差异很大。     

樱桃花变绿病植原体的分子鉴定

 植原体(phytoplasma)是一类没有细胞壁,不能人工培养,存在于植物筛管细胞中的类似植物病原细菌的原核生物。迄今为止,世界各地报道的1 000余种植物病害与植原体有关,引起的症状主要包括丛枝、黄化、花变绿、花变叶、花器退化等。     

黄槐丛枝病植原体的检测及鉴定

 应用植原体16S rRNA基因通用引物,对自然表现丛枝的黄槐植株进行巢式PCR检测,得到约1.2 kb的特异片段,证明此植株中存在植原体.将此特异片段与pGEM-T Easy载体连接并转化到大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞中,通过PCR鉴定、序列测定及同源性比较分析,结果表明此植原体株系(STWB)16S rDNA片段G+C含量为45.8%,与榆树黄化植原体组(Elm yellows group,16SrV group)中的各株系最高同源率可达99.4%,而与其它组中的株系明显低于97.0%,故认为该植原体株系为榆树黄化植原体组中的成员之一.     

竹丛枝植原体16SrDNA片段克隆与序列分析

利用植原体16SrRNA基因序列设计合成的引物,对表现丛枝的竹子植株总DNA进行直接PCR及巢式PCR扩增,得到长1.2kb的目的片段。将此片段与pGEMTEasy载体连接并转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中。通过酶切、PCR鉴定,对筛选得到的重组阳性克隆进行核酸序列测定及同源性比较分析,结果表明其与植原体16SrⅠ组中的西方翠菊黄化植原体(SAY)同源率为99%。依据16SrDNA序列建立了竹子丛枝病植原体株系的系统进化树。对云南竹子丛枝病植原体株系分类鉴定与已报道的结果相似。     

来源于湖北省枣疯病植原体分离物16S rDNA和rp基因的序列分析

以田间采集的来源于我国湖北省枣树产业主产区随州市随县种植的表现为"枣疯病"症状的枣树分离株为试材,对其16S rDNA和核糖体蛋白(ribosomal protein,rp)基因采用Nested-PCR进行扩增以及序列分析。结果表明,湖北JWB-Hubei植原体分离物16S rDNA基因的核苷酸序列与我国山东、河南等地的分离株一致率均为99%以上,在进化树中位于同一亚组的不同进化分支;虚拟RFLP图谱分析表明,JWB-Hubei属于16SrV-B亚组一个成员,与其进化树分组结果一致。JWBHubei分离株rp基因的核苷酸序列也与我国山东、陕西等地区的分离株一致率均为99%以上,在进化树中聚为同一亚组,与报道的基于RFLP分类属于rpV-C亚组的中国枣疯病分离物(JWB)聚集于同一亚组不同分支。该研究结果明确了湖北省枣疯病植原体的分类地位以及与来源于我国不同地区枣疯病分离株之间的遗传进化关系,为进一步研究植原体的株系划分、基因遗传变异研究提供了理论基础。     

云南花生丛枝植原体16S rRNA和核糖体蛋白基因序列分析

 利用植原体16S rRNA基因及核糖体蛋白基因(ribosomal protein, rp)通用引物对发生在云南元谋的花生丛枝病病株DNA进行PCR扩增,并对扩增片段进行序列测定。扩增获得的云南元谋花生丛枝植原体(PnWB-YNym)16S rDNA、16S-23S rDNA和23S DNA片段总长1 806 bp,rp基因扩增片段长1 171 bp。云南株系与来源于台湾和海南的花生丛枝植原体均有较高同源性。比较16S rDNA片段,发现云南株系在5个位点上与来自台湾或海南的株系存在碱基差异,其中有1个位点的差异是云南元谋株系特异的;再分别比较核糖体蛋白rplV-rpsC 2个基因所编码的氨基酸序列,发现云南株系rpsC编码的第194位氨基酸与台湾和海南的株系存在差异。经16S rDNA片段系统进化及iPhyClassifier在线分析,表明PnWB-YNym在分类上属于16SrII-A亚组成员,与候选种‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’相关;基于rp基因构建的系统进化树表明,PnWB-YNym与16SrII-A亚组各成员聚为同一亚进化支(iii)。     

小麦蓝矮病植原体转运蛋白secY基因片段序列分析

 Wheat blue dwarf(WBD) is a disease caused by phytoplasma and only reported from China. A fragment about 1.3 kb in protein translocation gene, secY was amplified by PCR from the total DNA of di-seased wheat sample with primer pair secYF/secYR, which was designed based on secY gene sequence of known 16SrI group members. Nucleotide acid sequence analysis of amplified fragment indicated that the length was 1 240 bp. A phylogenetic tree based on secY gene sequences was constructed and showed that wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma was clustered into the Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, subgroup 16SrI-C. Wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma showed high homology with clover phyllody phytoplasma strains based on sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis.     

安徽桑黄花型萎缩病植原体16S rDNA序列分析及分子检测

 Mulberry yellow dwarf(MYD)disease is an quarantine disease and the causal agent is a phytoplasma.Two pairs of published universal primer, P1/P7 and Rm16F2/Rm16R1, based on the 16S-23S rDNA sequence of phytoplasma and total DNA extracted from infected mulberry tissues were employed for PCR and nested-PCR detection.The results revealed that a phytoplasma-specific 1 830 bp fragment with a G+C content of 46.01% was sequenced(GenBank accession No.GQ249410).The sequence shared 99.7% and 99.8% identity with aster yellows, the representatiive phytoplasma in 16SrI group, and mulberry dwarf phytoplasma classified into subgroup B in 16SrI group and named as the MYD phytoplasma strain Anhui(MYD-Anh).A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNA sequences was constructed and showed that MYD-Anh was clustered into 16SrI group.Identity of 16S rDNA sequence between MYD-Anh and mulberry yellow dwarf phytoplasma strain Zhenjiang(MD-zj) was nearly 100%, and they might belong to the same strain.Nested-PCR was used to detect the pathogenic phytoplasma from the differential tissues of mulberry infected with MYD-Anh.The results showed that a phytoplasma-specific 1.4 kb fragment was amplified with total DNA extracted from bark and vein.Nested-PCR was more sensitive than PCR for detecting MYD phytoplasma.     

海南长春花黄化病植原体的16S rDNA序列分析研究

 Periwinkle(Catharanthus roseus) yellows is a common disease in Hainan. Periwinkle's leaf tissue with symptoms was assayed for phytoplasma infection by using PCR assay employing phytoplasma universal 16S rRNA gene primers (Rl6mF2/Rl6mR1). A PCR product (about 1.4 kb) was amplified from periwinkle showed yellows. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the amplified 16S rDNA contained 1 432 nucleotides, the most homology was 98.1% with the members of elm yellows group (16S r Ⅴ) and clustered in the same clade, while it was under 96.1% with other phytoplasma groups. Our results suggested that the phytoplasma sample belonged to 16S rⅤgroup and was tentatively named as Hainan periwinkle yellows phytoplasma (PY-Hn). This is the first report of existence of 16S r Ⅴ group phytoplasma in naturally infected periwinkle.     

Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Biological Characterization of Serratia marcescens Strains Causing Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease

ABSTRACT A serious vine decline of cucurbits known as cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD) is caused by rod-shaped bacteria that colonize the phloem elements. Sequence analysis of a CYVD-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rDNA product showed the microbe to be a gamma-proteobacterium related to the genus Serratia. To identify and characterize the bacteria, one strain each from watermelon and zucchini and several noncucurbit-derived reference strains were subjected to sequence analysis and biological function assays. Taxonomic and phylogenetic placement was investigated by analysis of the groE and 16S rDNA regions, which were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. For comparison, eight other bacterial strains identified by others as Serratia spp. also were sequenced. These sequences clearly identified the CYVD strains as Serratia marcescens. However, evaluation of metabolic and biochemical features revealed that cucurbit-derived strains of S. marcescens differ substantially from strains of the same species isolated from other environmental niches. Cucurbit strains formed a distinct cluster, separate from other strains, when their fatty acid methyl ester profiles were analyzed. In substrate utilization assays (BIOLOG, Vitek, and API 20E), the CYVD strains lacked a number of metabolic functions characteristic for S. marcescens, failing to catabolize 25 to 30 compounds that were utilized by S. marcescens reference strains. These biological differences may reflect gene loss or repression that occurred as the bacterium adapted to life as an intracellular parasite and plant pathogen.