宁波口岸首次截获弗氏伞滑刃线虫

宁波口岸于2008年7月从来自荷兰的木质包装中截获一种伞滑刃属线虫.该线虫虫体细长,侧区有4条侧线.雄虫交合刺细弱,基顶略呈方形,有时背弯;喙突显著,末端锐尖;远端有较小盘状突.尾乳突7个.雌虫有小阴门盖,尾圆锥形,尾端钝尖,有时呈尾尖突状.经形态学比较、测量以及ITSRFLP图谱比对,鉴定为弗氏伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus fuchsi Kruglik & Eroshenko,2004).目前除俄罗斯、德国外,未见该线虫的报道.     

厦门口岸首次从木包装中截获瓦里西伞滑刃线虫

厦门口岸于2011年6月从来自希腊的荒料石垫木中截获一种伞滑刃属线虫。经形态学比较、测量,该线虫虫体细长,侧区有4条侧线。雌虫有小阴门盖,尾圆锥形,略腹弯,尾端尖。雄虫交合刺成对,不愈合,显著腹弯,长约13～15μm;基顶前伸,端部圆滑,略背弯;喙突显著,末端钝尖,远端有小而明显的盘状突;雄虫尾部乳突7个。结合ITS-RFLP指纹图谱比对,进一步将该线虫鉴定为瓦里西伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus vallesianus Braasch,Schonfeld,Polomski,et al,2004)。     

首次截获的安东尼伞滑刃线虫的鉴定

宁波出入境检验检疫局植检实验室于2007年2月从来自法国的木质包装中截获一种伞滑刃属线虫。该线虫虫体较短,侧区有2条侧线,雄虫交合刺强壮,强烈弯曲,基顶高圆,喙突指状。雌虫有小阴门盖,尾圆锥形渐细,较平直或略向腹面弯曲,末端尖或钝圆,与树皮象伞滑刃线虫十分接近。经形态学比较、测量以及ITS-RFLP图谱比对,鉴定为安东尼伞滑刃线虫（Bursaphelenchus antoniae）。目前除葡萄牙外未见该线虫的报道。     

宁波局从意大利进境的木质包装中截获松材线虫

2002年11月14日,宁波出入境检验检疫局技术中心动植物科对宁波北仓局送检的木质包装检疫时,检出大量伞滑刃属线虫,雄虫交合刺强壮,弓状,喙突显著,远端膨大;雌虫具阴门盖,尾端宽圆,少数具极短的尾尖突,符合松材线虫各项特征,鉴定为松材线虫Bursaphe Lenchus xylophilus,并用PCR快速检测方法确认.     

新加坡阔叶木包装中一种伞滑刃线虫的鉴定初报

本文对宁波口岸进境的新加坡阔叶木包装材料中截获的一种伞滑刃属线虫进行了形态学特征鉴定和分子特征分析,确定其为松材线虫组(xylophilus group)的一个新成员。该群体的主要形态鉴别特征是:雄虫交合刺呈弓形,中弧线长约23μm,基顶不显著,近末端背缘显著凹陷;雌虫有阴门盖,尾锥形,末端锐尖。该群体r DNA的ITS-RFLP图谱与所有已知松材线虫组成员的图谱有差异,基于r DNA的18S r RNA、ITS和28S r RNA-D2/D3区构建的系统发育树显示该群体与松材线虫组成员亲缘关系最近。因标本材料限制,暂作为一种未命名新种来记述报道。     

食菌伞滑刃线虫和阿苏里伞滑刃线虫的比较鉴定

宁波口岸在进境木质包装检疫中经常截获食菌伞滑刃线虫和阿苏里伞滑刃线虫,这2种线虫都属于fungivorus组,形态上十分近似。主要区别在于:前者唇区缢缩十分明显,而后者缢缩不明显;前者排泄孔与半月体平均距离较远(约11μm),而后者较近(约5μm);前者雄虫热杀死后尾部强烈向腹面弯曲(超过180°),后者尾部略腹弯(约90°);前者基顶与喙突相距约9.8μm,喙突高约2.7～3.5μm,后者则分别为8.4μm和1.5～2.8μm;前者雌虫尾多数腹弯十分明显,尾较短(长约50μm),后者尾一般略腹弯(长约68μm)。此外,ITS区的PCR-RFLP方法可区分上述2种线虫。     

木质包装中松材线虫的实时荧光PCR检测

松材线虫是进境木质包装中的重要检疫对象之一。本研究以进境木质包装中截获的12种伞滑刃属线虫,包括4种不同来源的松材线虫、3种不同来源的拟松材线虫、豆伞滑刃线虫、大尖尾伞滑刃线虫、阿苏里伞滑刃线虫、伯氏伞滑刃线虫及拟小刺伞滑刃线虫为材料,进行实时荧光PCR检测。结果显示,仅松材线虫可观察到明显的荧光强度变化,而其他线虫的荧光强度没有变化。通过研磨样品的方法,提取单条松材线虫的DNA,进行实时荧光PCR试验,检测成功率为100%,且不论是雄虫、雌虫或幼虫均能检测出来。该研究对于我国口岸进境木质包装中松材线虫的检测具有一定的实际意义。     

一种雌虫具尾尖突松材线虫的鉴定

为明确从辽宁省枯死红松病木中分离到的一种雌虫具明显尾尖突线虫群体的分类地位,采用改良漏斗法分离样品中的线虫并进行形态学鉴定,通过灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea人工培养观察雌虫尾尖突的形态变化,并基于rDNA 28S和ITS基因序列分析对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果显示,经形态学鉴定初步判定该线虫群体为松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,具有典型的雄虫交合刺和雌虫阴门盖,但雌虫尾末端宽圆且无尾尖突的个体极少,只有2%~3%,其余雌虫个体尾末端有长约1.8 μm（0.2~3.2 μm）的尾尖突。但经人工培养产生的后代雌虫尾端均钝圆,无尾尖突。结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果,最终确定该线虫群体为松材线虫R型株系。松材线虫雌虫具有明显尾尖突的现象虽较为罕见,但仍会影响松材线虫的准确鉴定,需引起林业部门和口岸植物检疫部门的高度关注。     

一种锥尾伞滑刃线虫形态和RFLP图谱变化研究

宁波口岸植检实验室在来自台湾的榕属木质包装中截获一种伞滑刃线虫,经形态学观察、测量,ITS-RFLP图谱比对及序列分析,鉴定为锥尾伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus Kanzaki,Tsuda&Futai,2000)。该线虫属松材线虫组,与鲍嘉伞滑刃线虫最近似。本文着重对该线虫与近似种的形态特征区别及ITS-RFLP图谱种内变化进行讨论。     

从荷兰番红花种球中截获的次薄滑刃线虫的检疫鉴定

宁波口岸从荷兰番红花种球中分离到大量滑刃属线虫活虫,该荷兰群体的主要形态特征为:雌虫尾呈亚圆柱形,尾端半圆形,尾端腹侧有尾尖突长1.5~3.0μm;后阴子宫囊显著,长89.3~118μmm;侧线3条。基于28S、ITS和18S基因DNA序列构建NJ系统发育进化树显示该荷兰群体与次薄滑刃线虫亲缘关系极近且在同一进化分支中。通过形态特征和DNA序列分析,鉴定该荷兰群体为次薄滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides subtenuis Cobb,1926)。     

瓢虫姬小蜂种名的研究

杂交试验结果表明,北京地区寄生于马铃薯廿八星瓢虫幼虫和蛹的姬小蜂,与原产印度的瓢虫姬小蜂不存在生殖上的隔离。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对上述来源不同姬小蜂的同工酶作比较:两姬小蜂的乳酸脱氨酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和醇脱氢酶(ADH)同工酶谱均无差异,酯酶同工酶酶谱基本一致,表明两姬小蜂在上述同工酶的基因控制上,具有同一物种的遗传特征。根据杂交试验和同工酶酶谱分析结果,可以推断北京地区的姬小蜂种名应为瓢虫姬小蜂(Pediobius foveolatus(Crawford)。     

A new<Emphasis Type="Italic">Praon</Emphasis> species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Uroleucon</Emphasis> parasitoid complex from the mediterranean area

A new hymenopteran aphid parasitoid species (Praon uroleucon sp. n.) fromUroleucon sp. infestingCarduus acanthoides L. is described from Yugoslavia. It is diagnosed and illustrated with scanning electron microscope photographs and line drawings. The new species is placed in thePraon dorsale species group, and a key to species of that group is provided. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 9, 2002.     

东亚飞蝗肠道细菌鉴定及其对金龟子绿僵菌拮抗作用分析

通过对室内饲养的东亚飞蝗5龄若虫肠道细菌的分离纯化培养,共获得8个细菌菌株,16s rDNA鉴定分别与绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiellasp.)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)、节杆菌属(Arthrobactersp.)、木糖葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus xylosus)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.)有较高的同源性,其中克雷伯氏菌和阴沟肠杆菌检出率为100%,检出量最大,均达到109cfu/g肠道,为常驻的优势菌群。肠道细菌在东亚飞蝗体内的数量分布为后肠>中肠>前肠,种类分布为中肠(8种)>后肠(6种)>前肠(4种)。常驻细菌克雷伯氏菌和阴沟肠杆菌对金龟子绿僵菌则无拮抗作用,表明肠道常驻菌不是影响金龟子绿僵菌在蝗虫肠道内萌发侵染的主要因素,但同时也说明了在不同环境条件下使用绿僵菌防治蝗虫在防效上可能会有很大的差异。     

Three new genera and seven new species of trypanorhynch cestodes (family Eutetrarhynchidae) from manta rays, Mobula spp. (Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico

Three new genera of eutetrarhynchid trypanorhynch cestodes are described from Mobula spp. (Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Fellicocestus mobulae gen. et sp. n. from the gall bladder of Mobula japonica (Miller et Henle) is distinguished by elongate bothria, a pars bothrialis equal in length to the pars vaginalis, masses of gland cells in the pars vaginalis and an heteromorphous armature in which hook rows arise from a central file of hooks on the bothrial surface of the tentacle and terminate in a central file on the antibothrial surface. Species of Mobulocestus gen. n. occur in the nephridial system and cloaca of rays and are characterized by two bothria, an heteroacanthous armature with hook rows beginning on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface, and by hooks at the beginnings of rows with an apical cavity. M. nephritidis sp. n. and M. lepidoscolex sp. n., both from the nephridial system of Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd) are differentiated by testis number and by the presence of scale-like microtriches on the tegument of the scolex of M. lepidoscolex. M. mollis sp. n., from the cloaca of Mobula thurstoni is distinguished by testis number (97-111 in M. lepidoscolex, 20-22 in M. nephriticus and 48-70 in M. mollis). Hemionchos gen. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula spp. has two bothria, an heteroacanthous armature, hook rows arising on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface and hooks at the beginning of rows with an apical cavity. It differs from Mobulocestus in having a distinctive basal armature and both hook files 1 and 1' on the bothrial surface, but has an additional, small, satellite hook adjacent to each hook 1'. H. striatus sp. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula thurstoni and M. japonica is differentiated by having a basal armature of closely packed arrays of small, uncinate hooks. H. mobulae sp. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula japonica and M. munkiana Notarbartolo di Sciari, differs in testis number and in having large, flattened hooks in the basal armature. H. maior sp. n., from the spiral valve of M. japonica, is larger, differing in both the number of testes and in the basal armature.     

大豆南方茎溃疡病菌的分离与鉴定

在对美国进境大豆进行检疫时，从混杂的豆秆上发现并分离到了大豆南方茎溃疡病菌，通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定，确定该菌为Diaporthe phaseolorum（Cke．＆ Ell.）Sacc．var．meridionalis Morgan-jones。该病原菌是国外近年来在大豆生产中新发生的危险性病原真菌，国内未见报道。     

Acolpenteron australe sp. n. (Dactylogyridae:Dactylogyrinae), a new species from the ureters of Percichthys trucha (Perciformes:Percichthyidae) in Patagonia (Argentina)

Acolpenceron australe sp. n. (Dactylogyridae, Dactylogyrinae) is described from ureters and renal tubules of Percichthys trucha (Cuvier et Valenciennes) (Perciformes, Percichthyidae) from Andean Patagonian lakes. The new species has a haptor with 14 hooks, with shanks comprised of two subunits. It has overlapped intercaecal gonads, male copulatory organ as a sclerotized tube with one counterclockwise coil and a J-shaped accessory piece. It differs from the other species of Acolpenteron by having a non-forked accessory piece. This is the first monogenean species described from a percichthyid host in South America.     

二化螟绒茧蜂生物学特性的研究

二化螟绒茧蜂以低龄幼虫在滞育的二化螟幼虫体内越冬。实验条件下还可寄生芦苇螟和荻蛀茎夜蛾。该蜂行两性生殖和产雄孤雌生殖。雌蜂平均产卵119粒,在寄主体内的出蜂量与寄主龄期呈线性正相关,寄生在4龄寄主体内的发育速率最快,蜂体大小与寄主出蜂量呈线性负相关。     

Characterization of a gamma-3 Proteobacteria Responsible for the Syndrome "Basses Richesses" of Sugar Beet Transmitted by Pentastiridius sp. (Hemiptera, Cixiidae)

ABSTRACT The disease syndrome "basses richesses" (SBR) has affected sugar beet crops in Burgundy (France) since 1991. It mainly is associated with an uncultivable phloem-restricted bacterium-like organism (BLO) called SBR BLO. Transmission tests showed that field-collected Pentastiridius sp. (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) were able to transmit the SBR BLO to sugar beet. In the present work, sequences of a 1,507-bp 16S ribosomal (r)DNA fragment of SBR BLO were amplified from DNA extracts of SBR-affected field sugar beet plants, of field-collected Pentastiridius sp. plant-hoppers, and of Pentastiridiussp.-exposed sugar beet seedlings that expressed SBR symptoms. The sequences showed total identity, confirming the role of SBR BLO in the etiology of SBR and the vector role of Pentastiridius sp. Our surveys on SBR-affected sugar beet plants and Pentastiridius sp. planthoppers collected in different fields and different years suggest that a unique BLO was involved in SBR. Furthermore, comparison of 16S rDNA sequences permitted the identification of the SBR BLO as a new plant-pathogenic gamma-3 proteobacteria different from 'Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae,' another BLO responsible for marginal chlorosis disease of strawberry in France. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between the SBR bacterium and several bacteria described as endosymbionts of hemipteran insects.     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of wheat genes conferring resistance to the wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust pathogens

ABSTRACT Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. On wheat it is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and on barley by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei Most wheat genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and most barley genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. To determine the genetics of resistance in wheat to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, crosses were made between wheat genotypes Lemhi (resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei) and PI 478214 (susceptible to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei). The greenhouse seedling test of 150 F(2) progeny from the Lemhi x PI 478214 cross, inoculated with race PSH-14 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, indicated that Lemhi has a dominant resistance gene. The single dominant gene was confirmed by testing seedlings of the F(1), BC(1) to the two parents, and 150 F(3) lines from the F(2) plants with the same race. The tests of the F(1), BC(1), and F(3) progeny with race PSH-48 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici also showed a dominant gene for resistance to these races. Cosegregation analyses of the F(3) data from the tests with the two races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici suggested that the same gene conferred the resistance to both races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, and this gene was different but closely linked to Yr21, a previously reported gene in Lemhi conferring resistance to race PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. A linkage group consisting of 11 resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers was established for the genes. The gene was confirmed to be on chromosome 1B by amplification of a set of nullitetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with an RGAP marker linked in repulsion with the resistance allele. The genetic information obtained from this study is useful in understanding interactions between inappropriate hosts and pathogens. The gene identified in Lemhi for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei should provide resistance to barley stripe rust when introgressed into barley cultivars.