An investigation of the influence of harvesting practice on the development of blue-stain in Corsican pine logs

In September 1991, at Thetford, East Anglia and at Inverness,north-east Scotland, a comparison was initiated between blue-staindevelopment in Corsican pine logs from trees felled and processedby harvesting machine and similar logs from trees felled andtrimmed out by chain-saw. Blue-stain was assessed in discs from batches of logs destructivelysampled at 2-week intervals after felling. At the more southerlysite of Thetford, stain was first observed after 4 weeks. Themaximum recorded area was 10 per cent of the wood surface ina sample analysed after 10weeks. In contrast, stain never exceeded,1.1 per cent of the wood surface at Inverness. Amounts of stainwere significantly greater with machine-harvested logs thanwith chainsaw-harvested logs and were correlated with the amountof bark removed or loosened during harvesting. The use of spikedrollers resulted in more stain than did the use of rubber rollers. The fungi isolated from stained wood included Sphaeropsis sapinea,Potebniamyces coniferarum and Ceratocystis coerulescens. Theseare species adapted to the colonization of wood exposed throughdamage to the overlying bark     

荷兰林业发展的启示

荷兰是林业较发达的国家。本文对荷兰林业的发展过程及管理方法、病虫害防治等进行了介绍。     

荷兰观赏苗木的生产

文章介绍了荷兰在观赏苗木生产与培育方面的基本经验,如专业化的生产模式,多样化的观赏树木种类,严格的质量控制与监督、检测体系,完善的生产、管理与服务系统,以及高度重视创新等。同时,针对我国观赏苗木生产的现状提出几点建议。       

荷兰林业印象

荷兰是欧洲的一个小国,林业不是国民经济的重要产业,但却是荷兰外交活动中的重要方面。荷兰林业得到政府的高度重视,资金十分充足。森林游乐和改善环境是荷兰森林的主要功能,提供木材和林产品的功能已降至微不足道的地位。公众的森林环境意识强烈,政府的环境政策受公众的影响很大。     

Geographical distribution of the Armillaria species in The Netherlands in relation to soil type and hosts

The geographical distribution of the annulate Armillaria species was studied in The Netherlands during the period 1983–1992. Armillaria gallica (incl. A. cepistipes), A. mellea and A. ostoyae appear to be widespread, the first two species being rather common on broad-leaved hosts growing on clay and loess soils, and the third species common on both broad-leaved and coniferous hosts on acid sandy soils. The distribution of the Armillaria species encountered was primarily determined by soil type. From a silvicultural point of view, A. ostoyae is the most important species, being pathogenic and occurring most frequently on sandy soils, the soil type predominantly used for forestry in The Netherlands.     

农村新型合作医疗制度的建立与农民参与

中荷扶贫项目在霍山县模拟政府投入,鼓励农民参与合作医疗,以实现建立互助共济的合作医疗制度,共同抵御疾病风险的预期目标.本文依据诸佛庵镇农民参与合作医疗的成功案例,研究和探讨建立新型合作医疗的措施和方法,为我国农村合作医疗制度的创新提供参考.     

Rhizina undulata. A review of research in the Netherlands1

Research on killing of coniferous trees caused by the fungus Rhizina undulata Fr. ex Fr. in the Netherlands is reviewed. Aspects of the fungus’ pathogenicity, its biology and pyrophilous nature, and means to restrict or avoid damage in young plantations and older stands are discussed.     

欧洲八国林业税费

《世界林业研究》为国家一级刊物 ,是由国家林业局科技委和国家林业局科技情报中心共同主办的综合性学术期刊。本刊为双月刊 ,每期 80页 ,全年定价 48元。国内外统一发行 ,邮发代号 :1 8- 1 2 9。欢迎广大读者随时订阅。本刊的宗旨是为林业部门决策提供科学依据 ,为全国各林业科研实体的研究人员、各高等林业院校的师生以及各林业企业的管理人员提供具有参考价值的文献和资料。设有“综合述评”、“专题论述”、“各国林业”、“问题探讨”、“林业动态”和“统计资料”等栏目。主要报道世界各国在发展林业各学科时所采取的政策法规、实施途…     

Simulation of primary production in even-aged stands of Douglas fir

Net primary production in even-aged stands of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (Mirb.) Franco) in The Netherlands is simulated from stand establishment after planting until harvest time. Net yearly increments of needle, branch, stem and root biomass are calculated from gross primary productivity, determined by weather conditions, photosynthetic performance of the foliage, site index, and biomass-dependent maintenance respiration. Stand structure is represented by an array of stem diameters at breast height, based on 20 percentiles of the cumulative diameter frequency distribution. Individual tree-to-tree distances are not taken into account. Spatial arrangement of the trees is assumed to be optimal with respect to interception of incoming radiation. The model incorporates a thinning management algorithm which provides for several types of thinning. Comparison of the behaviour of the model with measurements from permanent field plots in The Netherlands shows acceptable agreement of the simulation results with the experimental data. Using a simulation model, a wide variety of environmental factors combined with different management alternatives can be evaluated for their influence on forest primary production.     

Further studies on pathogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi1

Inoculation experiments on Ulmus procera, U. glabra and U. pumila with isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi from Canada, the United States, England, France, the Netherlands and Iran confirmed earlier work on the correlation between cultural characters and pathogenicity. Inocula-     

Two pathogenic races of Melampsora larici-populina in north-western Europe

Three collections of Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. originating from Belgium, France and the Netherlands were compared for their pathogenicity on eleven poplar clones. Qualitative type reactions suggest the existence of two pathogenic races designated E1 and E2. E2 is able to infect some clones previously considered to be resistant.     

郁金香引种及栽培技术的研究

黑龙江省森林植物园2003年从荷兰和甘肃引进郁金香种球,并进行栽培试验研究。结果表明,郁金香能够在哈尔滨地区正常生长发育,介绍了其最佳栽植时间、最佳栽植深度等,栽培基质以腐殖土+熟牛粪为佳。     

Research on Poplar Canker (Aplanobacter populi) in the Netherlands

In this paper bacterial canker research of poplar in the Netherlands has been reviewed. A scale representing six stages in the development of canker for rating susceptibility of new clones; the culture of the pathogen in vitro, and finally inoculation techniques, have been described in detail.     

Target species identity is more important than neighbor species identity

This study investigates how the ability to overtop other saplings and the ability to capture most of the incident light together determine interspecific competition in young and dense self-thinning stands. To this end we measured crown positions and stratification, and quantified the effect of total foliage mass and foliage mass density of neighboring trees on the relative crown depth (RCD) of target trees. Field measurements were done on naturally established saplings in two large forest gaps of different age (5- and 15-year-old) in The Netherlands, and consisting of four species differing in shade tolerance.     

荷兰林产品绿色采购政策与实践

荷兰是较早开始探索和制定林产品绿色采购政策的国家之一。文中分析荷兰林产品绿色采购政策出台的背景、主要内容及政策实施所带来的影响, 并有针对性地提出政策借鉴, 希望能对今后我国林产品绿色采购政策的制定和完善提供参考。     

本土文化对中国现代景观设计的启示

文章首先阐述了本土文化的概念及其与现代景观的关系,并通过美国、德国、日本、墨西哥、荷兰等国家的现代景观与本土文化结合的设计案例进行说明;最后提出了中国现代景观设计融合本土文化设计的五点启示。     

欧盟国家林产品政府绿色采购政策及借鉴

在27个欧盟成员国中, 已有英国、比利时、丹麦、法国、德国、荷兰和芬兰7个国家先后实行了林产品政府绿色采购政策。文中从政策制定、具体内容、政策执行、修订完善、政策评估等方面进行对比分析, 提出适合我国借鉴的相关经验。     

森林认证的现状与发展趋势

森林认证出现于20世纪90年代初,10年来,森林认证在全球范围内取得了快速的发展。文中介绍了森林认证的起源和发展现状,指出了森林认证的发展趋势,并对我国开展森林认证提出了建议。