油葵含油率及脂肪酸组成与土壤盐含量的关系

通过盆栽试验研究不同土壤含盐量对油葵含油率及脂肪酸组成的影响,结果表明:子实含油率和籽仁含油率随土壤盐含量的升高下降明显,且籽仁含油率受到的影响大于子实含油率。土壤含盐量的增加,促进棕榈酸、亚油酸的生成,抑制油酸的生成,但硬脂酸、亚麻酸的变化受土壤盐含量的影响不明显。土壤盐含量对籽仁含油率组分的影响依次为棕榈酸>油酸>亚油酸>硬脂酸>亚麻酸。     

不同种质茶籽脂质代谢特征分析

叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息。从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定。结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪酸组分,包括棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、顺-11-十六碳烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、顺-11-十八碳烯酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十烷酸和二十烯酸。油酸是茶籽中的主要脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的42.1%~59.2%;其次为亚油酸,占脂肪酸总量的18.9%~32.8%;饱和脂肪酸含量占15.9%~20.8%,以棕榈酸为主。进一步分析各种质的脂肪酸组成特征,发现茶籽中的FAD2和FAD3活力在种质间存在较大差异。在此基础上,探讨了如何利用这些发现来选择育种,以进一步改善茶籽的油脂性状。     

花生籽仁不同发育时期不同部位主要营养成分变化

本研究以不同油酸花生品种为材料，对籽仁含油量、脂肪酸和蔗糖含量累积规律和基豆先豆间差异及籽 仁不同部位差异进行分析。结果表明，随着花生籽仁的发育，含油量增加且高油品种含油量积累速率高于低油品 种，蔗糖含量下降；不饱和脂肪酸逐渐增加，饱和脂肪酸和超长链饱和脂肪酸逐渐下降，亚麻酸逐渐降低到消失，其 中高油酸材料棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的下降速率以及油酸的上升速率高于普通油酸材料。各材料脂肪酸在基豆 和先豆间无显著差异，而含油量基豆高于先豆。成熟籽仁胚中棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸和二十四碳烷酸 含量显著高于子叶，含油量、硬脂酸和油酸含量低于子叶，在胚中约含有0.5%左右的亚麻酸，而子叶中未检测到亚 麻酸。本研究结果为选育品质优的油用型和食用型花生品种具有指导意义。     

土壤养分状况对高油酸花生琼花1号品质的影响

高油酸花生是花生品质育种的重要目标之一,本研究以高油酸花生琼花1号为材料,研究了其在13个不同土壤肥力条件下的籽仁品质及其变化。结果表明,琼花1号籽仁可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、油酸、亚油酸平均含量分别为6.77%、27.59%、80.04%和3.84%,油酸/亚油酸平均为22.58。籽仁亚油酸含量变异系数最大(32.11%),油酸变异系数最小(2.50%)。花生营养品质之间的相关性分析表明,油酸与亚油酸、棕榈酸和可溶性糖含量间均呈极显著负相关,亚油酸与棕榈酸和可溶性糖含量间呈极显著正相关,棕榈酸与可溶性糖含量间呈极显著正相关,花生四烯酸和山嵛酸含量间呈极显著正相关。不同营养品质的形成受土壤成分影响不相同,可溶性糖含量与土壤有机质和土壤全氮呈显著负相关;可溶性蛋白质含量与土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮和土壤全氮呈显著负相关。研究结果可为高油酸花生大面积推广及施肥策略提供理论支持。     

不同品质类型花生籽仁脂肪酸积累规律研究

以高蛋白品系KB008、高脂肪品种花17和高油酸/亚油酸品种农大818为材料对花生籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸积累规律进行研究。结果显示,在花生籽仁发育过程中,籽仁中脂肪的积累速度呈先快后慢的趋势。油酸亚油酸比值(O/L)受遗传因素影响较大,收获期O/L值以农大818最高,KB008最低,差异显著。不同品种成熟期的脂肪酸组分相对含量存在差异,高蛋白品种成熟期亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸和山嵛酸相对含量显著高于高脂肪和高O/L值品种,而其油酸和二十四烷酸相对含量明显低于后两者。高脂肪品种和高O/L值品种成熟期脂肪酸组分相对含量差异不明显。     

花生籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸积累规律研究

以高O／L花生品种8130为材料对其籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸的累积过程进行分析。结果显示,花生籽仁中,含有8种主要的脂肪酸,按含量高低依次为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山嵛酸、花生酸、二十四烷酸、花生烯酸;花生籽仁发育过程中,油酸含量逐渐增多,其它脂肪酸呈逐渐降低的变化规律。饱满籽仁中亚油酸和油酸含量占全部脂肪酸的80％以上。脂肪酸总量在籽仁发育前期增加迅速,然后缓慢增长,到籽仁成熟期又迅速增加,在收获期达到峰值,油酸亚油酸比值（O／L）,随籽仁发育呈逐渐增加的变化规律,饱满籽仁达到最大。     

亚麻种质脂肪酸含量的鉴定与评价

为了进一步鉴定和评价亚麻种质资源的脂肪酸组分含量,采用近红外仪检测国内外102份亚麻种质的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸5种脂肪酸含量,用统计学方法分析遗传多样性和相关性。结果表明,5种脂肪酸含量变异系数为11.78%～35.61%,依次排序为硬脂酸亚油酸油酸亚麻酸棕榈酸;遗传多样性指数为1.84～2.31,依次排序为硬脂酸亚麻酸棕榈酸亚油酸油酸。相关性分析结果表明,棕榈酸与硬脂酸含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.672),与油酸含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.353);亚麻酸与硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸呈极显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明,将102份亚麻种质分为4个类群,第一类群包括12份种质,第二类群包括58份种质,第三类群包括26份种质,第四类群包括6份种质。     

甘肃胡麻地方品种种质资源品质分析

对甘肃116 个胡麻地方品种种质资源的粗脂肪含量、5种脂肪酸含量及碘价等主要品质性状进行测定分 析,对品质性状间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,甘肃胡麻地方种质资源粗脂肪含量,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚 油酸、亚麻酸含量及碘价的平均值分别为37. 48%、5. 90%、5. 32%、29. 05%、10. 94%、48. 76%和175. 60。粗脂肪 含量普遍较低,油酸和亚麻酸含量高。5种脂肪酸中棕榈酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸含量变异较小,硬脂酸和油酸变异较 大;不同品质性状间的相关关系和相关程度不同,粗脂肪含量与亚油酸含量有极显著的正相关,与硬脂酸含量有极 显著的负相关;亚麻酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸含量均呈极显著的负相关关系,与碘价呈极显著的正相关关 系;棕榈酸与油酸含量有显著的正相关,硬脂酸与油酸含量有极显著的正相关,油酸与碘价呈极显著负相关。初步 筛选出一批高油分、高油酸、高亚麻酸的优良种质。     

玉米子粒6个油脂性状间的遗传相关分析

用10个油脂含量差异大的优良自交系,按(5×5)配成不完全双列杂交组合,研究玉米子粒油分、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、α-亚麻酸6个油脂性状之间的胚、胚乳、细胞质及母体效应的相关性。结果表明:棕榈酸与硬脂酸的细胞质相关性最强,胚乳加性和胚加性相关次之;其余成对性状均表现为胚乳加性、胚加性相关最强,且胚乳加性相关强于胚加性相关,说明这些成对性状主要受加性相关控制。其中,玉米子粒油分与棕榈酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸极显著负相关,与硬脂酸、油酸极显著正相关。脂肪酸组分中,亚油酸与棕榈酸、α-亚麻酸极显著正相关,与油酸、硬脂酸极显著负相关;油酸与棕榈酸、α-亚麻酸极显著负相关,与硬脂酸正相关。     

水氮交互对油用向日葵粗脂肪及脂肪酸组分的影响

为分析水氮交互对油葵粗脂肪及脂肪酸组分的影响,选取油葵杂交品种康地T562,采用现蕾至开花阶段灌水与追氮肥2因素3水平(灌水90mm、54mm、36mm;追氮肥0、52、104kg·hm~(-2))随机区组试验设计,于2011年在河套灌区进行田间试验。结果表明,水、氮及交互对油葵籽仁粗脂肪及主要脂肪酸组分(油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸)均影响显著。不追氮肥时,充足的土壤水分有利于油葵籽仁粗脂肪的生成。水氮交互下,土壤中有效氮的增加导致粗脂肪、亚油酸及不饱和脂肪酸的合成下降。土壤中水分的增加,促进油葵籽仁中亚油酸及不饱和脂肪酸的生成,但会抑制油葵籽仁中硬脂酸及饱和脂肪酸的生成。W90N0(灌水90mm,不追氮肥)处理下油葵籽仁粗脂肪含量最高,为60.37%;W90N52(灌水90mm,追氮肥52kg·hm~(-2))处理下亚油酸及不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,分别为69.06%、84.75%,而硬脂酸和饱和脂肪酸含量最低,分别为7.23%、13.06%。综合考虑粗脂肪含量高及脂肪酸组分构成有利于人类饮食健康,在河套灌区推荐油葵水肥技术参数为现蕾后开花前灌水90mm,追氮52kg·hm~(-2)。     

大豆籽粒发育过程中脂肪酸的组分分析

大豆籽粒发育过程中,棕榈酸的（１６：０）,硬脂酸（１８：０）及亚麻酸（１８：３）的相对含量下降,亚油酸（１８：２）的则上升,油酸（１８：１）的变化不显著。棕榈有亚上对含量的减少与籽粒发育的天数呈极显著的负相关,而亚油酸相对含量与发育天数间呈极显著的正相关。饱和脂肪酸的降低与不饱和脂肪酸增加均极显著。亚麻酸与同酸及亚油酸呈极显著的负相关,亚油酸与棕酸及硬脂酸呈极显著的负相关。     

盐对大豆农艺性状及籽粒品质的影响

本文对大豆在盐胁迫条件下农艺性状及籽粒化学品质进行了研究。盐胁迫条件下，植株高度下降，主茎节数和分枝数减少，百粒重降低，单株英数，粒数和粒重下降，从而导致产量降低。对盐敏感品种比耐盐品种受盐胁迫的影响更大。一般说来，盐使大豆籽粒蛋白质含量显著下，脂肪含量显提高，脂肪酸中组成的亚油酸和亚麻酸含量显著增加，油酸含量显著降低。但在盐碱地上高浓度盐胁迫下蛋白质含量增加，脂肪含量下降，不饱和脂肪酸组成上则没     

Fatty acid and oil variation in seed from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fibre plant native to east-central Africa. The potential for using kenaf seeds as a source of edible oil is often overlooked when considering kenaf as a fibre and feed crop. The aim of this research was to study and compare the fatty acid composition and oil content of eight commercial kenaf varieties from various countries. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid were the predominant fatty acids in all cultivars. Percentages of fatty acids varied greatly among different kenaf varieties. Gregg had the highest percentage of linoleic acid whilst El Salvador had the lowest. El Salvador had the highest percentage of oleic acid and Endora had the highest percentage of palmitic acid. Stearic acid and palmitic acid were positively correlated, as well as stearic and linoleic acid. Increasing stearic and linolenic acid and reducing palmitic acid at the same time therefore might be difficult through conventional breeding. The oil content was 19.84% on average and there was not much difference between the varieties. The relatively high oil content and the unique fatty acid composition, suggested that kenaf seed could be used as a source of edible oil. Kenaf oil can be considered nutritionally healthy because of the relatively high amount of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

Adaptability of irrigated spring canola oil production to the US High Plains

Canola oil is high in oleic acid which is commonly used for food and industrial purposes. To determine adaptability of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) to the High Plains for industrial oil production, 26 irrigated trials were conducted from 2005 to 2008. Trials were divided into five regions—1: 36-37°N 108°W; 2: 39-40°N 101-103°W; 3: 41-42°N 102-103°W; 4: 41-42°N 104°W; 5: 43-44°N 106-108°W. Cultural practices were based on site-specific protocols. Four cultivars, Hyola 401, Hyola 357 Magnum, SW Marksman, and SW Patriot, were planted in replicated plots in April or May under standard irrigation and harvested in July to October depending on region. Seed yield Hyola 401 and Hyola 357 Magnum were higher than SW Marksman and SW Patriot across the five regions and within Regions 1, 2, 3, and 5. Regions 1, 2 and 3 yielded significantly greater than did Regions 4 and 5. Samples from 18 trials were examined for their oil content and fatty acid distribution. The four cultivars had greater than 38% oil content; SW Marksman and SW Patriot had higher oil content than Hyola 401 and Hyola 357 Mag. Higher oil content was achieved in Regions 1, 4 and 5. Across and within regions, the percent of oleic acid did not differ for the four cultivars. The mean content of oleic acid decreased going north from Region 2 to Region 5, as did seed yield in the High Plains. Linoleic acid increased going north from Region 1. Linolenic acids showed little variation across regions. Considering yield and total oil content together, growing spring canola would be excellent in the High Plains.     

土壤水分胁迫对花生品质的影响

土壤水分胁迫对花生脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和脂肪酸组成等品质的影响研究结果表明,水分胁迫使籽仁中可溶性糖、蛋白质、亚油酸、山嵛酸和二十四烷酸含量升高,脂肪、棕榈酸和油酸/亚油酸比值降低,淀粉含量的变化因品种的不同表现或升高或降低;水分胁迫使籽仁中大量矿质元素P、K和Na的含量以及微量元素Mn的含量均升高,其余矿质元素含量与土壤水分胁迫的关系因花生品种的不同而不同;水分胁迫使花生对水分的利用效率提高。     

Fatty acid and amino acid composition of groundnut mutants

Groundnut mutants TG-8, TG-9, TG-17 and TG-18 induced by -irradiation differed in fatty acid composition from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic than Spanish Improved. TG-18 had lower oleic and higher linoleic as compared with TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17. Palmitic acid in TG-18 and Spanish Improved was higher than other mutants. Oil stability as judged by oleic to linoleic ratio was substantially higher for mutants as compared with their parent.Amino acid composition of groundnut mutant proteins differed from Spanish Improved. In general mutants had higher contents of lysine, histidine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan and lower contents of threonine, serine and methionine. The first limiting amino acid was tryptophan in Spanish Improved, threonine in TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17 and Valine in TG-18. Essential amino acid contents for all except methionine, valine and threonine per grain flour were higher in all the mutants as compared with their parent.