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印度是个千年古国,在发展林业方面有着独到之处。几百年来印度林业经历了森林破坏阶段、巩固和保护阶段、开发和扩大阶段、集约经营阶段和生态林业阶段。作者对于印度发展社会林业、森林发展公司,以及缓解薪炭材危机所采取的对策作了重点介绍,同时还指出了存在的问题和采取的措施。 相似文献
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印度政府把林业排在国民经济的第2位,其林业科技政策重视可持续发展目标和社会目标,强调国家机构间的密切合作,鼓励地方更多地参与林业科研和森林的管理和保护。印度制定和实施了以可持续森林管理为主要内容的国家林业行动计划,对森林采取多效益综合经营方式,重点是发展社会林业,其中参与式森林经营方法如联合森林经营,有效地解决了林业发展与当地社会、经济之间的冲突。印度在林业遥感、流域治理、保护区网络、社会林业等研究领域走在发展中国家前列,其林业科学研究注重实用性,在重视基础研究的同时强调开发和推广林业适用技术。印度还积极组织各种社会力量进行林业科技扶贫,提倡产学研结合。今后的林业科技发展将继续重视人工林营造和林产品加工研究,强调开发和推广林业适用技术,并强化森林资源的保护。 相似文献
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四川省赴印度社会林业考察团 《四川林业科技》1993,14(2):41-45
按照四川省林业厅、社科院、开发办与美国福特基金会驻北京办事处1991年7月关于共同开展《四川省长江防护林工程经营模式研究》的协议,我们一行5人,于1992年2月18日至3月4日,对印度的社会林业建设和发展情况进行了考察。 印度林业概况 印度国土面积约340万km,人口8.2亿。森林面积7500万ha,蓄积量18亿m~3,森林覆盖率为22%,有荒山荒地4300万ha。 印度的耕地为个人所有,放牧地为个人或集体所有,林地和荒山为国有(分中央所有和邦所有)。 相似文献
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当今的林业在社会经济中的地位已发生了质和量的双重变化。因此研究造林树种结构、园林植物材料结构是现代林业种苗的当务之急。林业种苗需要科技先导、改革工艺、全质管理、开发品牌、做强产业。 相似文献
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近年来,随着造林树种工程的不断发展和完善,森林物种的保育和进化得到较好发展,使造林工程的进一步优化有了优良树种的支持。需要注意的是,在进行优良品种选育的过程中,为了保证良种的可栽种性,应当充分关注当地的地理环境、种源、林分等特点,建立优良树种的生产基地。就目前我国林业良种的繁育现状来看,其中还存在一定的问题,鉴于此,以迪庆州为例,通过对迪庆州目前的林业良种繁育情况、特征以及优良树种培育的影响因素等内容进行分析,探讨了林业育种的培育要点,总结和林业育种的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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农用林业及其与社会林业的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了在用林业的概念及分类,以及农用林业与社会林业的关系,农用林业是一独立学科,没有社会林业的介入,农用林业照样生存。农用林业是社会林业的基础,社会林业又是农用林业及其用户—农民的中间桥梁。 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONUrban forestry means different things to differentpeople, depending on one’s perspective. Some peopleview urban forestry in terms of economic values,rather than cultural or social values, whereas othersmay perceive it in terms of all three types of values.As such, the management of urban green spaces maybe tailored to suchvalues. To Kuchelmeisterand TREECITY (1998), urban greening and urban forestry aretwo different fields altogether. They referred to urbangreening as t… 相似文献
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This paper examines seedling nursery and propagation practices in smallholder farms in two upland areas in Leyte in the Philippines. The case study areas are relatively remote, little forestry extension has been carried out, and traditional practices can be observed. These practices were examined through a survey of smallholders and observation of forestry activities. It was found that in spite of various constraints and notably the lack of planting materials, farmers are interested in forestry and are adopting some naturally growing trees and producing their own seedlings. To make way to their crops, farmers have removed some naturally growing trees of some particular species on their farms. For the purpose of introducing trees to farms, wildlings are widely used as planting material. Some farmers also collect seeds and treat them in preparation for planting, using methods which differ from those recommended elsewhere by extension agencies, but which are nevertheless highly effective. 相似文献
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NILSSON Kjell 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2005,4(1):1-14
1 INTRODUCTIONGLOBALURBANISATIONUrbanisation is a worldwide phenomenon; the WorldResource Institute (2001) estimated that in 2025 morethan 50% of the African and Asian populations wouldbe living in urban areas. In Central and South Americathese figures will be between 75% and 85%. Urbanareas in developing countries will account fornearly 90% of the projected world populationincrease of 2.700 million people between 1995 and2030 (Figure 1) .Managing urban population change will b… 相似文献
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社会林业,是七十年代以来逐渐在发展中国家兴起的一种新的林业组织经营形式。青川县社会林业多样,内涵丰富。包括:国家投资造林、山珍食品一体化开发、生物多样性保护、实施绿色希望工程、兴办绿色企业、建立多种经营专业村、以及义务植树造林。提出了运用混农林业技术组装等发展社会林业的对策。 相似文献
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Classifying tree planters and non planters in a subsistence farming system using a discriminant analytical approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Since the 1970s tree planting has been promoted to meet the multipurpose needs of subsistence farmers and to arrest deforestation in many developing countries. Financial support and extension systems were developed as tree growing outside the forest became more important. The limited success of the forest extension approaches used in the 1980s has been attributed to the failure to ascertain householders' priorities and attitudes to tree growing. Although the broader theoretical paradigm of factors influencing householders' planting of trees has been discussed household and regional level analyses are rare. This study used discriminant analysis to assess the extent to which social and economic factors affect smallholder farmer tree planting in Orissa, eastern India. The validity of the predictive model to define the different groups was tested by assessing the accuracy of classification. The significance of the factors was probed using the identified variables in the discriminant functions developed for smallholder farmers in the coastal and inland zones of Orissa. The results contradicted some common assumptions that only large landowners with a substantial income are innovators. The likelihood of adopting agroforestry is dependent on the progressive attitude of farmers, membership of village organisations, their wealth status and, more importantly, their perceived risk concerning agricultural production. This approach enables tree planters and non-planters to be characterised and hence give better targetting of planning and social forestry programmes.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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乡村林业的发展及其意义 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
乡村林业(或称社会林业) 是发展中国家发展林业的一种重要模式.文章介绍了一些发展中国家在施行乡村林业方面所做的努力及取得的成效.中国发展乡村林业历史悠久, 文章通过介绍几种典型的乡村林业模式, 论述了中国乡村林业的发展概况.作者认为, 中国的乡村林业实践已取得了丰富的经验, 在中国推行乡村林业前景广阔. 相似文献