为中国奶业的科学、和谐和持续健康发展服务——新年寄语

“风雨送春归，飞雪迎春到。”倏忽间。又一年过去了。 在过去的一年里，中国奶业克服了饲料和原材料涨价、行业效益下滑的困难。锻炼了队伍。整合了牛群，提高了素质，增加了持续发展的潜力：见证了“南京宣言”的郑重承诺，整饬了乳制品市场秩序，宣扬了诚信经营理念，营造了公平竞争环境：有力反击了“牛奶有害论”，澄清了一度混淆的视听，     

高档肉牛直线育肥技术

1肉牛直线育肥的优点 一是缩短了生产周期,较好地提高了出栏率。二是改善了肉质,满足了市场对高档牛肉的需求。三是降低了饲养成本,提高了肉牛生产的经济效益。四是增加了草场的载畜量,可获得较高的生态效益。     

又是英雄用武时 新年献辞

无声无息的一场瑞雪,迎来了2005年。去年年底,纷纷扬扬的大雪飘落在广袤的神州大地上。大雪,带来了严寒,影响了交通。但是,人们还是发自内心地高兴,因为大雪净化了空气,湿润了土壤,杀灭了病菌。它为人们带来了健康,为大地带来了丰收。“瑞雪兆丰年”啊!刚刚开始的一年,为此显得     

中国企业家最容易犯的10个错误

1．选错朋友是错误，选错敌人是更坏的错误，选错偶像是最坏的错误。选错了朋友是可怕的，因为可能会被所谓的“朋友”欺骗。选错了敌人是更可怕的，因为选错了敌人就等于选错了产业、选错了市场、选错了自己的核心定位。还有一种比选错朋友和选错敌人都可怕的，那就是选错了偶像。因为选错了偶像就等于选错了方向；方向错了，跑快的反而点儿背。[第一段]     

李志明副总经理在全省蚕桑工作会议结束时的讲话(摘要)

<正> 同志们: 这次蚕桑生产会议,共开了五天。这次会议,经过大家的共同努力,达到了预期的目的,会议开得是好的。一、对会议估价这次会议分析了形势,交流了经验;研究了新情况和新问题。讨论了适应新变化的新对策;初步落实了1987年的蚕桑生产任务和各项工作。明确了目标管理责任制。大家认为,     

蝴蝶飞

正茂义一踏进门坎,蝴蝶的心扑通一声落在了肚子里。茂义出门466天,蝴蝶的心悬了466天。正是做午饭时分,一家人都在家里,蝴蝶擀面,婆婆拉风箱,公公靠着水瓮吧嗒旱烟。茂义一进门就扯着嗓门喊上了,爸,我回来了。又喊,妈,我回来了。再喊,蝴蝶,我回来了。父亲噢了一声,把旱烟锅在鞋底上磕了磕,奔院落里了。母亲     

运用多媒体促进语文教学

随着社会的发展,人类的进步,我们已经进入了信息技术时代。多媒体的运用,促进了语文教学:激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生的朗读能力,培养了学生的观察能力,突破了教材中的重难点,提高了课堂教学效率。     

中囊病的综合治疗方法介绍

2008年4月,我用龚凫羌先生的配方,喷了2次就治愈了中囊病。我欣喜之极,以为这个大问题解决了。2010年,该病又来了,喷了2次药,不管用。这使我意识到单靠喷药是不够的,需要综合治疗。经过1个多月的努力,治愈了。2012年该病又来了,经过1个多月综合治疗,痊愈了。现将综合治疗方法     

适应形势改革创新扎实推进畜牧业技术支撑体系建设

全国畜牧站长工作会议在各位代表的共同努力下,今天就要闭幕了。农业部张宝文副部长亲自到会,并做了题为《以科学发展观为指导,努力开创畜牧业技术支撑体系建设新局面》的重要讲话。代表们总结交流了“十五”期间畜牧业技术推广体系改革与建设取得的成绩和经验,分析了我们面临的问题和困难,研究了今后的工作重点和措施。吉林、湖南、四川、山东、内蒙古、新疆等6省(区)做了典型发言,代表们进行了分组讨论。通过这次会议,进一步认清了形势,统一了思想,振奋了精神,坚定了信心,达到了预期目的。这次会议提出了“畜牧业技术支撑体系”这个新的概…     

基于飞机变频交流电源系统的变压整流器的设计

变频发电系统具有简单可靠的特点,在新一代飞机上得到了广泛的应用。本文设计了一款基于飞机变频交流发电系统的变压整流器。分析了变压整流器的工作原理,给出了变压器设计方法。通过仿真验证了设计的合理性。     

Effect of Immunosuppression on the Clinicopathological Changes in Experimental Zygomycosis in Rabbits

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of immunosuppression by cyclophosphamide or methylprednisolone on the clinicopathological alterations in respiratory absidiosis in rabbits. Infected rabbits showed respiratory distress that was more severe in immunosuppressed groups. Leukocytosis due to neutrophilia was observed in the non-immunosuppressed group in the initial stages, whereas leukopenia was observed in both the immunosuppressed groups initially, owing to polymorphopenia in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and to lymphopenia in the methylprednisolone-treated group, followed by leukocytosis in both groups. Total serum proteins increased significantly in the non-immunosuppressed group but were significantly decreased in the immunosuppressed groups. Serum creatinine increased significantly in all the infected groups from 20 days post inoculation (DPI) onwards. Blood urea nitrogen increased significantly in the initial stages only in the methylprednisolone-treated group. AST and ALT also showed significant increases in the infected animals. Total serum immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes increased gradually in all three infected groups, except for an initial significant drop in the immunosuppressed rabbits. Re-isolation of fungus was only achieved from the lungs of infected rabbits up to 15 DPI in the non-immunosuppressed group and 30 DPI in the immunosuppressed groups. Pathological lesions in all the infected groups were found mainly in the lungs and consisted of pyogranulomas. The lesions were most severe in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and least severe in the non-immunosuppressed group.     

An epidemiological survey on pigs showing symptoms of infectious enteric diseases and dyspepsia in Japan

Diarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non-infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper-lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non-infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases.     

规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子的四季动态监测研究

本研究对规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子进行了四季监测,结果表明,鲜粪中含水率两类牛群夏季最高、春季最低;风干粪样中,除产奶牛夏季全氮和全磷外,产奶牛和育成牛5项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质＞全氮＞全磷＞锌＞铜;两类牛群全磷含量夏季最高、秋季最低,有机质含量春季最高、夏季最低,铜和锌含量夏季均最低;产奶牛全氮含量夏季最低、春季最高,铜含量春季最高,锌含量冬季最高;育成牛全氮含量夏季最高、秋季最低,铜含量秋季最高,锌含量春季最高.     

Obituary-Roger Brereton Marshall

Roger Marshall was born in Christchurch on 27 May 1933 and died at his home in Palmerston North on 24 October 2001. He graduated BVSc from the University of Sydney in 1958 and began his professional career in clinical veterinary practice in Morrinsville. Wishing to specialise in veterinary microbiology, he later enrolled in the postgraduate course for the Diploma in Microbiology at the University of Otago under Professor JAR Miles. On gaining the Diploma in 1963, Roger was appointed a foundation lecturer in veterinary microbiology in the newly formed Faculty of Veterinary Science at Massey University.     

Copper deficiency in sheep: An assessment of the relationship between concentrations of copper in serum and plasma

AIM: To assess the relationship between concentrations of copper in serum and plasma in sheep.

METHODS: Concentrations of Cu were measured in paired serum and heparinised plasma samples collected from 110 sheep in nine flocks. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether flock or gender had a significant effect on the association between concentrations of Cu in serum and plasma. The individual results for concentrations of Cu in serum were then compared with those from plasma, using correlation and limits of agreement plotting.

RESULTS: Concentrations of Cu in serum ranged from 7.3 to 22 (mean 14.0) µmol/L, while concentrations in plasma ranged from 9 to 27 (mean 16.3) µmol/L. On average, concentrations of Cu in serum were 2.3 µmol/L lower than in plasma. Over the range of values seen in this study, concentrations of Cu in plasma and serum were significantly correlated (r=0.89), and mean concentrations in serum were 87% of those in plasma. There was no effect of flock or gender on the relationship between concentrations of Cu in serum and plasma. Despite the significant correlation, there was marked variability between individual samples in the proportion of Cu that was lost during clotting, with the 95% limits of agreement for serum Cu ranging from 70 to 104% of the plasma concentration.

CONCLUSIONS: As in cattle, the individual variability in the loss of Cu during clotting in sheep is too great for concentration of Cu in serum to be used as a substitute for that in plasma.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When assessing the blood Cu pool as part of the diagnosis of Cu-responsive disease in sheep, the concentration of Cu in plasma should be measured in preference to that of serum. We suggest that a range of 4.5 to 9 µmol/L in plasma be used to define marginal Cu status in sheep.     

Cholinesterase and Phosphatase Activities in Adults and Infective-stage Larvae of Levamisole-resistant and Levamisole-susceptible Isolates of Haemonchus contortus

Cholinesterase (ChE) and acid phosphatase (AP) activities, but not alkaline phosphatase activities, were detected in cytosolic and membrane-bound fractions of adult and infective-stage larvae of levamisole-resistant and levamisole-susceptible Haemonchus contortus. In contrast to other gastrointestinal nematodes, the ChE activity was higher in L₃ than in adults and, in both cases, was mainly associated with membranes. ChE activity was inhibited by Triton X-100 and was only detected in membrane-bound fractions when the detergent was removed. Differences between resistant and susceptible L₃ were observed in the response to inhibitors (cytosolic fraction) and in the enzymatic content (membrane-bound fraction). Phosphatase activity was detected at acidic pH in all fractions, being higher in the adult than in the L₃ stage. In the former, most of the enzyme was localized in the membrane-bound fractions, whereas in the latter it was mainly in cytosolic fractions. This difference could be correlated with the activity in the gut. In inhibition assays, a difference between cytosolic fractions from resistant and susceptible adults was observed in their response to 1 mmol/L tartaric acid.     

呼和浩特地区牛奶及饲料中风险因子研究初探

本研究主要选取呼和浩特地区奶牛养殖较集中的赛罕区与和林格尔县,对其规模养殖场与奶牛小区的饲料和牛奶中风险因子的污染情况进行评估,同时调研了奶牛饲养过程中兽药使用情况,其中饲料中评估的风险因子包括黄曲霉毒素B₁和重金属铅,牛奶中评估的风险因子包括黄曲霉毒素M₁、重金属铅、菌落总数、体细胞数和总抗生素。结果表明：①青霉素是使用最多的抗生素,规模场比奶牛小区使用药物种类多;②对饲料中2种风险因子的检出率均为100%,但均未超标; ③除体细胞,牛奶中的其他风险因子均未超标;④除重金属铅,牛奶中其他风险因子均是奶牛小区高于规模养殖场;⑤本次调研虽然样本量不大,但所选调研地点均是随机选择,因此具有一定代表性,本次调研分析结果有助于指导下一步牛奶风险评估的开展。     

奶牛养殖小区育成牛粪中污染因子的四季动态监测研究

本文研究了奶牛养殖小区育成牛粪中污染因子的季节变化规律,结果表明,育成牛鲜粪中含水率春季最低,冬季最高;风干粪样中,除夏季全氮和全磷顺序颠倒外,五项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质〉全氮〉全磷〉锌〉铜;育成牛全氮含量夏季最低、冬季最高,全磷含量秋季最低、夏季最高,有机质含量夏季最低、秋季最高,铜含量夏季最低、春季最高,锌含量春季最低、夏季最高。     

河北省不同建筑类型羊舍环境参数的检测与分析

试验选择3种建筑类型羊舍(有窗封闭舍、半开放舍和棚舍),对羊舍温度、二氧化碳(CO2)、氨气(NH3)、风速和光照进行定点定时检测,分析冬夏季节河北省不同建筑类型的羊舍环境,为标准化羊舍的建设提供依据。结果表明,冬季不同类型羊舍的温度表现为显著性差异(P<0.05),有窗舍最高,棚舍最低(早-4.13℃),有窗舍均温分别比棚舍和半开放舍高4.26和2.95℃,夏季不同舍温度未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),早、午和晚分别达25.12、32.48和29.71℃,热应激明显;从有害气体结果可以看出,羊舍CO2含量分别为411.0~995.2 mg/m^3(夏)和402.9~2336.8 mg/m^3(冬),两季CO2日均含量有窗舍均最高,棚舍最低,不同舍CO2日均含量差异显著(P<0.01),有窗舍冬季早上含量高达2336.8 mg/m^3,已超国标。另外,所有羊舍未检测出NH 3。从风速结果可以看出,两季风速分别为0.06~0.36 m/s(夏)和0.03~0.26 m/s(冬),两季有窗舍的风速均显著低于其他两类舍(P<0.01)。从光照强度来看,棚舍光照强度显著高于其他两类舍(P<0.01),均符合国标。可见,冬季有窗羊舍虽然温度较高,但空气质量差,CO2含量超标,应加强通风换气,兼顾保温;夏季不管哪种类型舍,均应隔热降温以缓解热应激。     

Variations in the survival of Fasciola gigantica eggs in bovine dung stored in the sun as opposed to the shade

Eggs of F. gigantica were placed in dung heaps that were located in the shade or exposed to sun light, and examined at intervals for up to 14 weeks. The rate and extent of decline in viability of eggs was greater in dung exposed to sun light than in shaded dung. This difference was attributed the higher temperature in dung in sun light, owing to the effect of direct sunlight and to a higher rate of fermentation in exposed than in shaded dung. It was concluded that strategies for storing dung that would reduce the risk it poses for infecting L. rubiginosa with F. gigantica when used as fertilizer in rice fields include storing dung in sun light rather than in the shade, preferably in a thin layer to allow sunlight to heat and desiccate it, and mixing a carbohydrate with the stored dung to increase heat through fermentation.