The Twin-Arginine Translocation （Tat） Pathway Is Essential for Virulence,Flagellation, and Chemotaxis in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Strain RsGD42

Bacterial leaf streak, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, is an important disease of rice （Oryza sativa）. Genetic determinants （tatABC genes） of the twin-arginine translocation （Tat） pathway from X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strain RsGD42 were cloned and characterized, meanwhile, a tatC disruption mutant was generated. The tatC mutant lacked detectable flagella and was highly impaired in motility and chemotaxis. Furthermore, it was observed that the tatC mutant exhibited a reduced production of extracellular polysaccharide （EPS） and a significant reduction of virulence on adult rice plants compared to wild type strain. However, the tatC mutation in X. oryzae pv. oryzieola strain RsGD42 did not affect the growth rate and the ability to induce hypersensitive response （HR） in nonhost tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun）. In conclusion, the data indicated that the Tat pathway significantly contributed to the virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola.     

Identification of a Resistance Gene bls1 to Bacterial Leaf Streak in Wild Rice Oryza rufipogon Griff.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is a worldwide destructive disease. Development of resistant varieties is considered to be one of the most effective and eco-friendly ways to control the disease. However, only a few genes/QTLs having resistance to BLS have been identified in rice until now. In the present study, we have identified and primarily mapped a BLS-resistance gene, bls1, from a rice line DP3, derived from the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon Griff. A BC₂F₂ (9311/DP3//9311) population was constructed to map BLS-resistance gene in the rice line DP3. The segregation of the resistant and susceptible plants in BC₂F₂ in 1:3 ratio (χ²=0.009, χ²_{0.05, 1}=3.84, P>0.05), suggested that a recessive gene confers BLS resistance in DP3. In bulked segregant analysis (BSA), two SSR markers RM8116 and RM584 were identified to be polymorphic in resistant and susceptible DNA bulks. For further mapping the resistance gene, six polymorphic markers around the target region were applied to analyze the genotypes of the BC₂F₂ individuals. As a result, the BLS-resistant gene, designated as bls1, was mapped in a 4.0-cM region flanked by RM587 and RM510 on chromosome 6.     

稻瘟病抗性基因研究

 本文选用了经抗性鉴定的14个地方品种和生产品种作父本,与广谱感病品种丽江新团黑谷杂交,用对父本非致病的代表菌株在温室对14个组合38套F₂糸统进行人工接种鉴定。结果表明:在测试的14个品种中,除毫薅中杂对所接种菌株的抗性受三对基因控制外,其余品种对所接种的菌株的抗性分别受两对或一对基因控制。并且发现,在两对基因控制的情况中,存在着基因间的互补、重叠和上位作用;在一对基因控制的情况中,有个别基因呈不完全显性。利用日本一套鉴别菌株测定并推断了我省39个品种的抗性类型,结果有8个品种相似城堡一号型(Pi-z^t),6个品种相似Pi-NO₄型(Pi-ta²),相似社糯型(Pi-ta)和爱知旭型(Pi-a)的品种各有2个,类似加贺光型(Pi-i,Pi-k)和关东51型(Pi-k)的品种各有7个,4个品种相似石狩白毛型(Pi-i),其余3个品种相似新2号型(Pi—k^s)。本文研究结果对选育抗病良种及筛选单基因鉴别品种均具有重要意义。     

Integrated pest management programme for cereal blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast diseases, is a destructive filamentous fungus that infects many plants including most economically important food crops, rice, wheat, pearl millet and finger millet. Magnaporthe oryzae has numerous pathotypes because of its high host-specificity in the field. The Oryza pathotype (MoO) of M. oryzae is the most devastating pathogen of rice, causing 10–30% yield loss in the world. On the other hand, the Triticum pathotype (MoT) causes blast disease in wheat, which is now a serious threat to wheat production in some South American countries, Bangladesh and Zambia. Because of low fungicide efficacy against the blast diseases and lack of availability of resistant varieties, control of rice and wheat blast diseases is difficult. Therefore, an integrated management programme should be adopted to control these two diseases in the field. Here, we introduced and summarized the classification, geographical distribution, host range, disease symptoms, biology and ecology, economic impact, and integrated pest management (IPM) programme of both rice and wheat blast diseases.     

Heredity and gene mapping of a novel white stripe leaf mutant in wheat

Spotted leaf(spl) mutant is a type of leaf lesion mimic mutants in plants. We obtained some lesion mimic mutants from ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Guomai 301(wild type, WT), and one of them was named as white stripe leaf(wsl) mutant because of the white stripes on its leaves. Here we report the heredity and gene mapping of this novel wheat mutant wsl. There are many small scattered white stripes on the leaves of wsl throughout its whole growth period. As the plants grew, the white stripes became more severe and the necrotic area expanded. The mutant wsl grew only weakly before the jointing stage and gradually recovered after jointing. The length and width of the flag leaf, spike number per plant and thousand-grain weight of wsl were significantly lower than those of the WT. Genetic analysis indicated that the trait of white stripe leaf was controlled by a recessive gene locus, named as wsl, which was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 B by SSR marker assay. Four SSR markers in the F_2 population of wsl×CS were linked to wsl in the order of Xgpw1079–Xwmc104–Xgwm508-wsl–Xgpw7651 at 7.1, 5.2, 8.7, and 4.4 c M, respectively and three SSR markers in the F_2 population of wsl×Jimai 22 were linked to wsl in the order of Xgwm508–Xwmc494–Xgwm518-wsl at 3.5, 1.6 and 8.2 c M, respectively. In comparison to the reference genome sequence of Chinese Spring(CS), wsl is located in a 91-Mb region from 88 Mb(Xgwm518) to 179 Mb(Xgpw7651) on chromosome 6 BS. Mutant wsl is a novel germplasm for studying the molecular mechanism of wheat leaf development.     

稻瘟病菌Mofbox基因缺失突变体构建及生物学表型分析

采用啤酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)F-box蛋白的氨基酸序列对稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）全基因组数据库进行Blastp分析,找到一个与之同源的、具有典型F-box结构域的蛋白编码基因,命名为Mofbox。采用同源重组原理,将构建的基因敲除载体转化稻瘟病菌,获得该基因缺失突变体2个。研究表明,在稻瘟病菌中,Mofbox缺失后可导致稻瘟病菌生长速率显著下降,分生孢子产孢量和附着胞形成率显著降低,对外源过氧化氢敏感,改变细胞壁完整性,同时降低对大麦和水稻敏感品种CO-39的致病性。     

水稻黄绿叶突变体ygl13的鉴定及候选基因分析

【目的】对水稻黄绿叶突变体ygl13 (yellow-green leaf 13 )进行表型鉴定和候选基因检测,以便了解水稻叶色形成和调控的分子机制。【方法】经甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变籼稻恢复系缙恢10号（Jinhui 10）,从中筛选出1份遗传稳定的黄绿叶突变体命名为ygl13,对突变体的表型进行系统观察,调查其成熟期的主要农艺性状,分别测定野生型和突变体苗期和孕穗期的叶片光合色素含量,同时利用透射电镜观察野生型和突变体ygl13的叶肉细胞及叶绿体结构。将表型正常的不育系西农1A与突变体ygl13杂交,根据F₁和F₂群体的性状表现与分离情况,分析该突变性状的遗传行为,并以F₂作为基因定位群体,对突变体ygl13进行候选基因遴选和突变位点测序验证。【结果】突变体ygl13的植株叶片在整个生育期均呈现黄绿色,与野生型缙恢10号相比,突变体ygl13苗期和孕穗期叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量均极显著降低。透射电镜观察结果显示,与野生型相比,突变体ygl13叶绿体结构异常,基质片层减少退化,类囊体片层减少,不规则的散乱分布。农艺性状调查结果表明,突变体ygl13穗总粒数增加了26.06%,株高和结实率分别降低了12.33%和18.82%,但穗长、有效穗、穗实粒数和千粒重无显著差异。F₂群体正常叶色的植株数与黄绿叶植株数分离比经χ²测验符合3﹕1分离比例（χ²=2.35＜χ²_0.05=3.84）,表明ygl13的黄绿叶性状由1对隐性核基因控制。YGL13被定位于第8染色体短臂InDel标记ID43和ID69之间,遗传距离分别为4.0和0.5 cM,区间物理距离约为318 kb,共有52个基因。经测序比对分析发现,ygl13突变体在OsSIG1编码区的第1 005个碱基G突变为碱基A（位于第三外显子）,造成编码色氨酸（Trp或W）的密码子突变为终止密码子,导致蛋白翻译提前终止,则该基因编码520个氨基酸的蛋白质突变为334个氨基酸的截短蛋白。qRT-PCR结果表明,突变体ygl13部分光合色素代谢途径和光系统相关基因表达紊乱。【结论】水稻突变体ygl13的黄绿叶性状由1对隐性核基因控制,该基因与已报道的水稻质体σ因子OsSIG1为等位基因。     

Integration of C4-specific PPDK gene of maize to C3 rice and its characteristics in relation to photosynthesis

Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a key enzyme in photosynthesis in some plants that exploit the C₄ photosynthetic pathway for the fixation of CO₂. The C₄-specific PPDK encoding pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase was introduced into C₃ plant, a rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. indica IR64) mediated by biolistic and Agrobacterium transformation. The C₄-PPDK gene of maize was integrated to indica IR64 with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Southern blotting. The total nitrogen of flag leaves of transgenic IR64 was analyzed with Kjeldahl method for quantitative determination of nitrogen, indicating that the total nitrogen of flag leaves of most transgenic IR64 was higher than that of non-transgenic control IR64 formants in the greenhouse. The maximum value of total nitrogen of flag leaves was 3.61% among transgenic IR64 plants, 1.07% higher than that of non-transgenic control IR64 formants. The total nitrogen of flag leaves of transgenic IR64 was increased by 42.1%. The factors for yield of transgenic IR64 plants were analyzed, indicating there was a greater difference in yield-forming factors among transgenic IR64 plants in the greenhouse, i.e. dried plant weight, harvested index and so on. Thus, it could help rice breeders select different materials for breeding. Translated from Molecular Plant Breeding, 2006, 4(6): 797–804 [译自: 分子植物育种]     

Evaluation of the Pathotypes of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Preliminary Analysis of the Resistant Reactions of Main Japonica Rice in the Yunnan Plateau, China

The pathogenicity of 36 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, which were collected from japonica rice varieties in the Yunnan Plateau, China, was evaluated. It was evaluated on 29 rice varieties including a set of seven varieties to identify pathogenicity, i.e., Haonuoyang, TN1, Kogyoku, Zhenzhu＇ai, IR26, Nanjing 33, and Kinmaze, which may be considered as a set of differential varieties for Xoo races from Yunnan japonica rice. The efficiency of the seven varieties was further confirmed. The results showed reversible and specific interactions between isolates and varieties. The isolates were classified into nine pathotypes from pathotyp Ⅰ to Ⅸ according to their pathogenic reactions on the seven rice varieties. The pathotype V was the epidemic, whereas pathogen Ⅶ was the most pathogenic. Most japonica varieties grown in the Yunnan Plateau were susceptible to Xoo. The rice lines IRBB21 （Xa-21）, Zhachanglong （Xa-22,, Xa- 24,）, and IR1545-339 （xa-5）, which were resistant to all the isolates tested, can be used as donors of resistant genes for bacterial blight in japonica rice breeding in the Yunnan Plateau.     

Less hairy leaf 1, an RNaseH-like protein,regulates trichome formation in rice through auxin

The trichomes of rice leaves are formed by the differentiation and development of epidermal cells. Plant trichomes play an important role in stress resistance and protection against direct ultraviolet irradiation. However, the development of rice trichomes remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS)-mediated mutagenesis on the wild-type (WT) indica rice ‘Xida 1B’. Phenotypic analysis led to the screening of a mutant that is defective in trichome development, designated lhl1 (less hairy leaf 1). We performed map-based cloning and localized the mutated gene to the 70-kb interval between the molecular markers V-9 and V-10 on chromosome 2. The locus LOC_Os02g25230 was identified as the candidate gene by sequencing. We constructed RNA interference (LHL1-RNAi) and overexpression lines (LHL1-OE) to verity the candidate gene. The leaves of the LHL1-RNAi lines showed the same trichome developmental defects as the lhl1 mutant, whereas the trichome morphology on the leaf surface of the LHL1-OE lines was similar to that of the WT, although the number of trichomes was significantly higher. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that the expression levels of auxin-related genes and positive regulators of trichome development in the lhl1 mutant were down-regulated compared with the WT. Hormone response analysis revealed that LHL1 expression was affected by auxin. The results indicate that the influence of LHL1 on trichome development in rice leaves may be associated with an auxin pathway.     

Identification and Analysis of Physiological Races of Magnaporthe oryzae in Heilongjiang Province

A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were identified by using seven standard Chinese rice blast identifying varieties. Results showed that the dominant groups could be ranked as ZA, ZD, and ZB, with the occurrence frequencies of 47.41%, 22.41% and 15.52%, respectively. The race ZA₄₉ was the dominant race with the occurrence frequency of 26.72%. The occurrence frequencies of the races ZD₅ and ZD₁ were 10.34% and 8.62%, respectively. The rising occurrence frequencies of these three dominant species were the most important reasons that causing Kongyu-131 more sensitive to rice blast. The results of virulence frequency indicated that the race harboring Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-a gene were more susceptible to rice blast in Heilongjiang Province, and they should not be large-scale cultivated.     

水稻开颖半不育突变体的观察、遗传分析和基因定位

【目的】通过对一份航天诱变水稻（Oryza sativa L.）开颖半不育突变体ohss（open-hull semi-sterility）进行形态特性调查、遗传分析和基因定位,筛选候选基因,为下一步基因克隆和功能分析奠定基础。【方法】以籼稻品种航恢七号为材料,通过“神舟八号”飞船搭载,诱变获得一份水稻开颖半不育突变体ohss。对其进行形态特征解剖观察,分析颖花器官发育突变特点。调查突变体和野生型的花粉可育率、自然结实率和套袋自交结实率,对其育性进行鉴定。随机选取5个成熟单株,考察穗部谷粒相关性状并进行统计分析。通过覆盖全基因组的SSR分子标记检测,解析空间诱变的分子变异效应。以航恢七号、Francis和02428与突变体ohss配制杂交组合,观察F₁和F₂植株的花器官表型,进行?²测验,对突变性状进行遗传分析。以02428/ohss的F₂分离群体作为目标基因定位群体,同时利用SSR标记以及新开发的多个InDel分子标记开展基因定位研究。利用RAP水稻基因组注释数据库对定位区间的候选基因进行预测,通过序列比对和基因表达分析筛选候选基因。【结果】开颖半不育花器官突变体ohss与野生型相比,抽穗期穗部明显包茎,颖花发育出现异常,内外稃片瘪弱、扭曲变形且开裂不抱合,颖花内部发育类似内稃状的器官,部分颖花没有内稃的分化。ohss发育异常颖花中可育花粉率58.74%,导致单株结实率、穗重、穗实粒数与野生型相比极显著降低。全基因组SSR标记检测表明突变体ohss总变异频率为0.0336,除了第7、12染色体未检测到突变位点,其他染色体上检测到突变频率范围为0.0143-0.0889。遗传分析结果显示ohss的开颖半不育表型受单隐性核基因ohss(t)控制,并将ohss(t)定位在水稻第3染色体上2个InDel标记InDel6043和InDel6070之间约27.6 kb的物理距离内。该区域有3个预测注释基因,序列比对和表达分析表明突变体ohss的OsMADS1编码区及启动子序列未发生突变,但是表达模式发生强烈改变。【结论】开颖半不育的花器官发育突变体ohss受单隐性核基因ohss(t)控制,ohss(t)定位在水稻第3染色体上InDel6043和InDel6070标记之间约27.6 kb的物理距离内,其OsMADS1的编码序列及5′UTR区未发生碱基突变但表达受到强烈抑制。     

水稻白叶枯病菌新鉴别品种的筛选及其菌系的研究

 利用云南、日本和国际水稻研究所(IRRI)共19个稻白叶枯病鉴别品种,测定了来自云南不同地区的76个稻白叶枯病菌菌株。结果证明稻白叶枯病菌菌株与品种间具有特异性的交叉互作关系。.菌株间致病力的差异表现为质的差异。试验结果,初步以IR₂₆、Heen-Dikwee-1、珍白18、早生爱国3号、Tetep、窄叶青8号、IR₈和南粳33这8个品种作为新筛选的1套鉴别品种,其特点是品种与菌株具有明显的互作,鉴别能力强,可用来研究云南稻白叶枯病菌系。可将云南省36个稻白叶枯病菌株区分为22个菌系。     

疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病新基因xa32(t)的鉴定及其分子标记定位

xa32（t）是从疣粒野生稻与栽培稻经体细胞杂交途径获得的新种质Y76中鉴定出的水稻抗白叶枯病新基因。将Y76与栽培稻＂大粒香＂回交构建F2群体,获得132个抗性稳定的株系。经致病菌株P6对该F2群体抗性鉴定,得到抗感株系数分别为32和100。随机选用覆盖水稻12条染色体的412对SSR引物对亲本和F2代群体进行多态性分析。筛选出8对多态性好的引物标记,连锁遗传分析发现位于xa32（t）同侧的RM8216和RM20A与其连锁,从而将xa32（t）定位在第12染色体长臂上,遗传距离为6.9cm和1.7cm。     

GraS is critical for chloroplast development and affects yield in rice

Leaf color has been considered an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for a long time. The changes in leaf color affect the yield of rice. In this study, a green-revertible albino (graS) mutant was isolated from a ⁶⁰Co-gamma-irradiated mutant pool of indica cultivar Guangzhan 63-4S. The fine mapping indicated that graS mutant was mapped to chromosome 1, and was located in a confined region between markers ab134 and InDel 8 with genetic distances of 0.11 and 0.06 cM, respectively. Based on the annotation results, four open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in this region. Sequence analysis revealed that LOC_Os01g55974 had a 2-bp nucleotide insertion (AA) in the coding region that led to premature termination at the 324th base. Sequence analysis and expression analysis of related genes indicated that LOC_Os01g55974 is the candidate gene of GraS. We studied the genome and protein sequences of LOC_Os01g55974, and the data showed that GraS contains a deoxycytidine deaminase domain, which was expressed ubiquitously in all tissues. Further investigation indicated that GraS plays an essential role in the regulation of chloroplast biosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity and yield. Moreover, leaf color mutant can be used as an effective marker for the purity of breeding and hybridization.     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of an Enclosed Panicle Mutant Locus esp1 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A mutant was isolated from the M2 of 60Co-γ ray mutagenized male-fertility restorer line Zao-R974 in rice. The mutant showed pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism, delayed heading time, short and partially enclosed panicles, short uppermost internode, decreased grain and secondary branch numbers per panicle, and partially degenerated spikelets. The mutant was named as esp1 (enclosed shorter panicle 1). Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive locus. Spraying exogenous GA3 did not rescue the panicle enclosure. Using an F2 and a BC1 population of the cross between esp1 and a japonica cultivar Nipponbare, we mapped the ESP1 locus to a region of ～260 kb on chromosome 11. This result provides a basis for further map-based cloning of the ESP1 locus.     

Characterization and fine mapping of a semi-rolled leaf mutant srl3 in rice

Moderate leaf rolling can maintain leaf erectness, improve light transmittance in the population, and improve light energy utilization, thereby increasing rice yield. This study used ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) to treat Yunjing 17 (YJ17) and obtained a semi-rolled leaf mutant that was named semi-rolledleaf3 (srl3). We found that the rolled-leaf phenotype was due to the aberrant development of bulliform cells and the loss of sclerenchymatous cells. In addition, the shoot and root length of srl3 seedlings differed from the wild type. The srl3 mutant had significantly lower plant height and seed-setting rate but notably greater tiller number, panicle length, and primary branch number per panicle than the wild type. Genetic analysis showed that a single recessive nuclear gene defined the srl3 mutant, and it was precisely located in a 144-kb region between two insertion-deletion (InDel) markers, M8 and M19, on chromosome 2. In this region, no leaf-rolling-related genes have been reported previously. Thus, the study indicated that SRL3 is a novel leaf-rolling-related gene, and the results laid the foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of the SRL3 gene.     

一个水稻卷叶基因的遗传分析和精细定位

【目的】水稻叶片是光合作用的重要场所,也是理想株型的重要构成因素,通过对卷叶相关基因进行遗传分析和精细定位,为水稻卷叶基因分子标记辅助育种提供紧密连锁标记。【方法】从⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射诱变籼稻品种9311（wild-type,WT）所得突变体库中获得了一份卷叶突变体材料,暂时命名为rl16(t)（rolled leaf 16）。首先,对突变体rl16(t)进行连续多代套袋自交,确定突变表型的稳定性。在抽穗期,随机选取rl16(t)和WT各10株,分别测量剑叶卷曲度以及主要农艺性状。同时取rl16(t)和WT新鲜叶片的相同部位用FAA固定,乙醇系列脱水,石蜡包埋,用石蜡切片机切10 μm薄片置于载玻片上,番红染色后置于显微镜下,拍照观察叶片泡状细胞显微结构,对泡状细胞个数和面积进行统计和测量。在分蘖期各取10株rl16(t)和WT剑叶,测定叶绿素含量。以rl16(t)为母本与WT杂交,观察F₁ 和F₂植株的叶片表型,进行χ²测验,分析突变体的遗传行为。将卷叶突变体rl16(t)与粳稻品种滇粳优杂交F₂分离群体作为定位群体,同时利用SSR标记结合新发展的InDel分子标记用于定位目的基因。利用基因表达定量对定位区间内的3个已知结构域基因和已克隆的水稻卷叶相关基因进行定量表达分析。【结果】与WT相比,rl16(t)叶片出现显著内卷,株高降低,穗长变短,结实率降低等表型变化。rl16(t)自苗期（3叶1心）整株就出现叶片纵向内卷成近似筒状的表型。随着发育进程,植株叶片始终呈现卷曲表型,而WT叶片在发育进程中则始终呈平展状。剑叶石蜡切片观察发现,rl16(t)泡状细胞数量和面积与WT相比均减少。WT的泡状细胞数量为（385.1±43.6）个/mm²,rl16(t)泡状细胞数量为（1059.5±254.4）个/mm²。rl16(t)除泡状细胞发生变化外,叶片其他细胞结构与WT相比均无显著性变化。突变体rl16(t)的类胡萝卜素含量低于WT,而叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均显著高于WT。rl16(t)与WT杂交所得F₁植株表现叶片平展,并且在包含423单株的F₂中,分离出97株卷叶植株和326株平展叶植株,分离比符合3﹕1（χ²=0.86＜χ²_0.05= 3.84）。将Rl16(t)初步定位于第9染色体长臂SSR标记RM23769和RM23916之间,进一步扩大定位群体,最终将该卷叶基因定位在InDel标记DF70和SSR标记RM23818之间,该区段物理距离为51 kb。定位区间内有3个编码已知结构域的基因,分别是LOC_Os09g09320、LOC_Os09g09360和LOC_Os09g09370。rl16(t)与WT在基因LOC_Os09g09320与LOC_Os09g09370的表达量上无显著性差异。而rl16(t)中LOC_Os09g09360的表达量显著降低,只有WT的一半。对已克隆的8个卷叶基因进行表达定量分析,发现有7个基因（SLL1、ROC5、RL14、SRL1、ACL1、NRL1和NAL7）在rl16(t)中出现了不同程度的表达下调,只有OSZHD1表达上调。【结论】rl16(t)叶片发生内卷与泡状细胞数量变少,与面积变小相关。Rl16(t)是一个新的卷叶基因,LOC_Os09g09360有可能是目标基因。