共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 228 毫秒
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【目的】通过研究马铃薯健康植株与黄萎病株的根际土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性的差异,明确土壤真菌群落结构与黄萎病发生之间的关系,为最终从微生物生态学的角度解释马铃薯黄萎病的发生原因及其生态防控提供理论依据。【方法】以河北省坝上地区马铃薯健株与黄萎病株的根际土壤为研究对象,分别利用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)和高通量测序(Illumina MiSeq)技术检测根际土壤中大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)ITS基因拷贝数量并分析真菌群落结构变化,结合冗余分析(RDA)明确真菌群落结构与土壤养分的相关性。同时利用Biolog-ECO平板法比较健株与黄萎病株根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。【结果】马铃薯黄萎病的发生与土壤中大丽轮枝菌ITS基因拷贝数量存在相关性,在病株根际土壤中病原菌数量高,而在健株根际土壤中未检测到病原菌。高通量测序分析表明,病株根际土壤真菌多样性指数低于健康植株,但多样性差异不显著。在群落组成的门水平上,与健株根际土壤相比,病株根际土壤中的子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和丝孢菌门(Mortierellomycota)相对丰度上升幅度分... 相似文献
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【目的】研究花铃期棉花黄萎病抗/感品种土壤细菌群落结构,了解抗/感品种土壤细菌群落结构与土壤理化性质之间的关系,为棉花黄萎病的监测与绿色生态防控打下理论基础。【方法】通过田间小区试验,以感病品种(鄂荆1号,EJ)和抗病品种(冀863,J863)为试验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)和高通量测序(Illumina MiSeq)技术分别测定花铃期不同阶段(盛花期、开花后期和结铃期)土壤中大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)数量和土壤细菌群落结构,结合冗余分析(RDA)明确细菌群落结构与土壤理化性质的相关性。【结果】棉花黄萎病的发生与土壤中大丽轮枝菌ITS基因拷贝数量存在不同程度的相关性,其中感病品种EJ的发病率和病情指数与土壤中病原菌数量呈正相关,而抗病品种J863的发病率和病情指数与病原菌数量相关性不大。除盛花期外,棉花开花后期和结铃期抗病品种J863土壤中的病原菌数量低于感病品种EJ。高通量测序分析表明,除开花后期,抗病品种J863在盛花期和结铃期的细菌丰富度Chao1和ACE指数均高于感病品种EJ。主成分分析表明,抗/感品种之间及其在花铃期... 相似文献
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【目的】解析不同温度对棉花黄萎病发生的影响以及调控寄主防御反应的机理,揭示温度对病原菌和寄主的双重作用,为该病害的绿色防控和温度调控研究提供理论依据。【方法】以棉花抗病品种中植棉2号(ZZM2)、感病品种冀棉11(JM11)为试验材料,采用室内实验与病圃实验相结合,设置恒定温度(22、25、28和32℃)、自然变温两个处理,检测温度对大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)生长、侵染定殖、棉花黄萎病发生的影响;通过调查活性氧(ROS)爆发、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、胼胝质积累、防御相关基因表达水平等植物防御相关指标,解析温度调控棉花寄主防御反应的机制。【结果】在培养基上,25℃是大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长最适温度,22—28℃范围内适宜产孢;与培养基相比,不同棉花品种的叶片提取液对大丽轮枝菌生长均有促进作用,感病品种JM11促进作用更强;当温度为25—28℃时,ZZM2和JM11植株黄萎病发生均较重,低温22℃、高温32℃均不利于黄萎病发生。同时,在25℃处理下,棉花中大丽轮枝菌侵染定殖能力强,感病品种JM11比抗病品种ZZM2更易受到... 相似文献
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试验设置水分散粒剂(H14)、商业可湿性粉剂(SY)和空白对照(CK)3组处理,在棉花花铃期调查黄萎病发生状况,并通过高通量测序分析不同处理中细菌群落多样性。结果显示同CK处理相比,H14和SY处理中棉花黄萎病发病率分别显著下降42.35%和39.25%,病情指数分别显著下降52.41%和48.78%;大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)相对丰度分别显著下降45.73%和24.47%。3组处理样品测序后共获得517 453个优质序列,基于97%的序列相似度进行聚类分析,获得可操作分类单元(OTUs)24 353个,经鉴定属于细菌的54个门、244个科和571个属。其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为各处理样品的优势菌群。H14、SY处理中Chao1和ACE指数相较于CK处理分别增加16.27%和14.71%、13.84%和12.90%;Shannon和Simpson指数相较于CK处理... 相似文献
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从16个采自新疆不同棉共的棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)菌株和3个落叶型与非落叶型对照菌株上共获得225个不能利用硝酸盐的营养体突变株(nit mutants)。经不同氮源利用的鉴定,89.33%属于nitA.9.33%属于nitB,1.33%属于nitC,其中nitC在以NaNO2作为唯一一氮源的MO2培养基上被完全抑制致死。nitA配nitB的营养体亲和性测定结果,1 相似文献
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从乌鲁木齐地区和北疆部分地区茄子黄萎病株上分离到的49个菌株,均产生微菌核,菌丝在30℃均可生长,而在33℃不能生长,经鉴定均为轮枝孢属大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)。对其中11个菌株进行的致病力测定表明,各菌株间的致病力无显著差异,均属致病力较轻类型。 相似文献
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纳帕海高原湿地不同退化阶段土壤真菌群落结构特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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葡萄根际土壤真菌群落多样性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解新疆兵团第十二师不同葡萄种植产区根际土壤真菌群落多样性,以十二师五一农场(WY)、三坪农场(SP)、头屯河农场(TTH)、221团(221)、222团(222)及农业科学研究所(NKS)共6个不同区域葡萄根际土壤样品为试验材料,对土壤理化性质和微生物种类进行检测,并对土壤真菌18S RNA V2区进行高通量测序,以分析真菌群落多样性及丰度,并对土壤理化性质与土壤真菌菌群多样性进行相关性分析。结果表明:NKS的土壤肥力最高,各养分含量均在极丰等级。18S RNA测序结果显示,不同区域的真菌组成存在差异,SP和WY、221和222、NKS和TTH两两之间真菌群落结构相似,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)真菌占总菌群比例分别约为80%、60%和30%左右,而NKS的担子菌门(Basidiomycota)真菌占比远远高于其他5个地区,占总菌群的47%。Alpha多样性分析显示,222团的土壤真菌群落多样性最高,221团次之,三坪农场多样性最低。Beta多样性分析显示221团和222团的葡萄根际土壤真菌菌群组成最相似。土壤环境因子有机质、碱解氮和有效磷与土壤真菌群落组成存在显著正相关关系,表明可以通过调节土壤养分水平,来改变葡萄土壤真菌群落组成和遗传多样性水平。上述结果对真菌水平上改良土壤和葡萄土壤质量评价具有指导意义,也为十二师葡萄产区今后的施肥策略提供参考依据。 相似文献
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利用拮抗细菌防治棉花黄萎病 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
从棉花根围和根内分离到17个供试菌株在平板对峙培养中,都能极显著抑制Verticillium dahliae Kleb(简称Vd)的生长,其中15株的抑菌率大于65%,最高达89.6%。这些菌株的培养滤液也对Vd的生长有抑制作用。对供试细菌的防病及棉花出苗安全性所作的盆栽试验结果表明,13个菌株对棉花出苗表现安全;10个菌株防治棉花黄萎病效果极显著,其中4株(ICB-18、NCD-2、CS-25和CS-27)的防治效果达72.3%0-81.4%;3株(C-94、C-28和NCD-25)的防治效果鬃55.7%-61.9%,而且这7株对棉花出苗都安全。田间试验结果表明,在这7个菌株中,菌株NCD-2能够极显著地防治棉花黄萎病,防治效果为78.1%;另外4株(ICB-18、CS-25、C-94和C-28)能显著降低黄萎病病情指数,防治效果达37.1%-47.3%。 相似文献
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WeiSong ZHAO QingGang GUO SheZeng LI YaJiao WANG XiuYun LU PeiPei WANG ZhenHe SU XiaoYun ZHANG Ping MA 《中国农业科学》2019,52(24):4505-4517
【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effects of broccoli residues (BR) on cotton verticillium wilt and soil bacterial community structure at different growth stages, and to provide new ways and ideas for green ecological control of cotton verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.【Method】In the field plot experiment, the soil planted with cotton was treated with broccoli residues and no broccoli residues (CK). The incidence dynamics of cotton verticillium wilt in different treatments were monitored at different growth stages. The number of DNA copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the structure of soil bacterial communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The effects of broccoli residues returning to soil on the quantity of pathogen and the community of soil bacteria were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the characteristics and rules of structural changes of soil bacterial community at the level of phylum and genus in different growth stages.【Result】The incidence and disease index of cotton verticillium wilt showed a downward trend after the return of broccoli residues to soil, respectively. Moreover, the peak period of verticillium wilt was delayed, and 70.77% control efficacy was achieved at the peak period. The development curve of disease index and time course of disease in the whole growth period was established, and the average control efficacy was 57.21%. Compared to the blank control, the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae was decreased by 10.96%, 11.11%, 25.95% and 11.25% at the 4 stages of cotton growing and non-growing season, respectively, after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that broccoli residues treatment significantly increased soil bacterial diversity. The richness index Chao1 was increased significantly at all growth stages, and the ACE index was significantly increased at the pre-sowing stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Compared to the blank control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was increased significantly at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Meanwhile, the results showed that there were differences in the composition of dominant microorganisms at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. For example, Firmicutes increased to the dominant microflora at the pre-sowing stage and seedling stage, and Cyanobacteria became the dominant microflora at the bud stage and flowering and boll stage. Principal component analysis showed that broccoli residues to soil changed the structure of bacterial community at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Further analysis showed that the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Bacillus was significantly increased after the return of broccoli residues to soil.【Conclusion】Broccoli residues returning to soil can effectively inhibit the occurrence of cotton verticillium wilt, reduce the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae in soil, change the structure of soil bacterial community, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, which is an effective green measure to control cotton verticillium wilt. 相似文献
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【目的】研究施用棉秆炭,连作棉花根际土壤真菌群落多样性与土壤理化性质及黄萎病病害的关系,为棉秆的合理利用和防治棉花连作障碍提供科学依据和理论指导。【方法】以棉秆移除(NPK)和棉秆还田(NPKS)为对照,采用常规分析和454高通量测序技术,研究棉秆移除基础上施用常量棉秆炭(22.50 t/hm2,NPKB1)和增量棉秆炭(45.00 t/hm2,NPKB2)条件下,新疆棉花根际土壤真菌群落多样性、理化性质和黄萎病病害发生的相关性。【结果】施用棉秆炭连作棉花根际土壤真菌多样性和理化性质有显著相关性。经过2年的2%棉秆炭的施用显著降低了真菌多样性。真菌NPKS和NPKB2处理OTU丰度分别显著降低了15.63%和46.25%(P<0.05),Shannon多样性指数分别显著降低了11.81%和65.40%。不同用量棉秆炭对子囊菌门和接合菌门真菌数量的影响较大,但菌根真菌数量降低。NPKB2处理土壤中Gibberella、Fusarium和Verticillium等病原真菌数量较NPK处理显著降低。施用棉秆炭显著增加了棉花根际土壤中有机质、速效钾和速效氮的含量,而速效磷的含量则降低;对pH的影响不显著,但显著提高了土壤的电导率。RDA分析中,土壤有机质和速效氮是影响棉花根际土壤真菌群落结构的重要环境因素。与NPK处理和NPKS处理相比,NPKB1处理增加了黄萎病病害发病率和病情指数,NPKB2处理黄萎病病害发病率下降不显著,病情指数分别降低了2.2%和15.0%。Verticillium数量与黄萎病发病率和病情指数呈极显著正相关。施用棉秆炭降低了棉花黄萎病病原菌数量,与NPK处理相比,增量棉秆炭Verticillium数量显著降低了63.83%。与NPK处理和NPKS处理相比,NPKB1处理增加了黄萎病病害发病率和病情指数,NPKB2处理黄萎病病害发病率下降不显著,病情指数分别降低了2.2%和15.0%。【结论】施用棉秆炭降低了连作棉花根际土壤真菌多样性,减少了黄萎病病原菌数量,增加了连作棉花根际土壤养分含量。虽然没有显著降低棉花黄萎病发病率,但有缓解病害发病程度的趋势。 相似文献
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棉花抗枯、黄萎病研究进展及其抗性鉴定方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概述了我国抗枯、黄萎病种质资源材料、棉花新品种(系)、不同熟性品种和品种地区差异、抗虫棉及育种上的抗病鉴定工作研究进展。在抗病鉴定方法上,棉苗期可用人工病圃法、营养钵法、病菌毒素法,棉成株期宜用人工病圃法。 相似文献
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为了探讨棉花黄萎病菌对土壤线虫群落结构的影响,对比研究了新疆棉花黄萎病区和对照区土壤线虫总数、各营养类群数量和生态指数之间的差异。结果表明:黄萎病区和对照区共鉴定出土壤线虫属42个,其中黄萎病区36个,对照区35个。黄萎病区0~40 cm土壤线虫总数、食细菌线虫数量、食真菌线虫数量显著低于对照区(P<0.01),植物寄生线虫和捕食-杂食线虫数量没有显著变化(P>0.05)。从相对丰富度来看,黄萎病区植物寄生线虫和捕食杂食线虫的相对丰富度显著高于对照(P<0.01),食细菌线虫的相对丰富度显著低于对照(P<0.01)。从生态指数来看,黄萎病区土壤线虫的香农-威纳多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)、营养多样性指数(TD)均显著高于对照区(P<0.05);优势度指数(λ)、通道指数(NCR)均显著低于对照区(P<0.05)。总体而言,棉花黄萎病菌会明显改变土壤线虫的群落结构,对其多样性产生显著影响。 相似文献
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Verticillium dahliae may be classified into the two basic groups, defoliate and non-defoliate, in terms of the pathogenicity reaction of 19 isolates of Verticillium dahliae on 16 cotton varieties. According to the comprehensive resistant or susceptible expression of 8 defoliate isolates on 8 upland cotton varieties R02,R04, R05, R06, R08, R09, R11 and R14, the defoliate isolates were for the first time divided into three categories: strong pathogenic (XS4 as the representative), mediun with inclination to strong pathogenic (T9 as the representative) and medium pathogenic (VD8 as the representative). Through the resistance identification of varieties such as R05, R06, R08, R09, R11 and R14, the defoliate isolate VD8 originated from Nantong of Jiangsu Province may be efficiently distinguished from the defoliate isolate 19 originated from USA. In nondefoliate category, utilizing 4 upland varieties R15, R14, R13 and R10, it might be possible to identify the different pathogenic genes in 7 isolates XJ4, XJ1, AY, VD404, VD326, LY, BP2 and may be nominated as No. 1 to No. 7 biological races respectively. The upland variety R01 is capable of resisting to all the isolates used in the experiments. While upland variety R12, may be used to identify strongly pathogenic isolate, which displayed a specific function in identifying strong pathogenic isolate strains. 相似文献