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石榴花芽形成分化的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者连续5年观察了安徽怀远石榴的花芽形态化化过程,各种花的着生位置,退化花的成因,观察结果表明,石榴的花芽形态分化可分为6个时期,历时约10个月,退化花子房内空胚珠发育到珠被时即停止发育。 相似文献
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紫花地丁(Viola philippica)为典型的两型花自花受精植物,具有开放花和闭锁花混合繁育系统。通过对开放花和闭锁花花芽形态发育的比较发现:开放花与闭锁花在花芽发育早期形态相似,4轮花器官原基均正常发生。出现明显差异的时期为4轮花器官原基形成以后,小孢子发育时期为产孢细胞阶段,开放花的5个花瓣与5枚雄蕊继续发育,每个雄蕊有4个花药室;而闭锁花只有2枚雄蕊继续发育,每个雄蕊有2个花药室,其余雄蕊与所有的花瓣依然为器官原基状态,不再发育。通过对花芽与叶片可溶性糖与淀粉含量的检测发现,花器官原基形成之后,开放花与闭锁花形态出现明显差异阶段开始,随着花芽的发育,可溶性糖与淀粉含量均呈上升趋势,且开放花花芽中的含量均明显高于对应发育阶段闭锁花花芽;而开放花植株的叶片可溶性糖与淀粉含量均低于闭锁花植株叶片,说明开放花所需要的能量高于闭锁花,推测可溶性糖与淀粉含量的差异与两型花发育有一定的关系。 相似文献
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石榴花器退化是导致落花落果,产量低而不稳的重要原因。为此,我们在1982年对石榴的花器进行了调查,试图找出影响花器发育的主要因子,以便制定利于花器发育的技术措施,以求促进石榴增产的技术。 一、观察材料和方法: 自5月上中旬,始花,至花期结束止,我们在峄城棠荫公社石榴主产区若干生产单位,选择不同品种、树龄和管理水平相近的石榴植株,每2—4天清查树下所落花朵。结合解剖,统计花的种类、数量;7月中旬统计树上所座果的花类、数量,计入其中,以求得不同情况下各类花的百分率;借以探明花器退化的影响因素。
一、调查结果与分析 … 相似文献
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调查分析了青皮甜,红皮甜等4个石榴品种的结果母枝类型,花芽和花器类型,开花落化动态,坐果率及坐果特性。石榴花期长,花量大,完全花量少,坐果率低。实现丰产优质,应注意提高完全花比率,特别是提高头茬花,二茬花的完全花比率和坐果率。 相似文献
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‘天香台阁’桂花花芽分化及其台阁形成过程的观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用石蜡切片方法观察桂花四季桂品种群的‘天香台阁’(Osmanthus fragrans‘Tianxiang Taige’)花芽分化的过程。研究表明,‘天香台阁’具3种不同的花芽,即普通花芽、特殊花芽、叶状花的台阁花芽。普通花芽和特殊花芽形态分化相同,分为总苞分化期、花原基分化期、顶花花被分化期、雄蕊分化期及雌蕊分化期共5个时期,历时约5个月;而叶状花的台阁花芽除了这5个时期,最后还经历台阁形成期,共历时约6个月。3种花芽雌蕊均发育异常,台阁花芽中本应着生雌蕊的部位分化为枝条。 相似文献
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粉皮 石榴花芽分化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将‘粉皮’石榴的花芽分化分为7个时期,其中,胚珠分化期尤为关键。在安徽怀远,花芽的形态分化从6月上旬开始,历时2~10个月不等。花芽分化既连续,又表现出3个高峰期,即当年的7月上旬、9月下旬和4月上、中旬。花芽以花瓣期或之前的时期越冬。与花芽分化高峰期相对应的是3个开花高峰期,称为“头花”、“二花”和“三花”。石榴花芽分化要求较高的温湿条件。最适温度为月均温20±5℃。低温是石榴花芽分化的限制因素,月均温低于10℃时,花芽分化逐渐减弱直至停止。文中还讨论了石榴花序的类型等。 相似文献
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菜心生长发育及产品器官形成的研究——花芽形态建成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作者对我国特产蔬菜“菜心”(Brassica parachinensis Bailey)三个品种的花芽形态发育进行解剖学研究。菜心花芽的形态发育过程,可划分为八期:0级——花原基未分化期;1级——花原基将分化期;2级——花原基分化始期;3级——花原基增大、伸长期;4级——萼片形成期;5级——雌、雄蕊形成期;6级——花瓣形成期;7级——胚珠和花药形成期。当幼苗展出第2~3片真叶时,茎端生长锥开始分化花原基。展出第5~6片真叶时,第一花原基发育成一完整花蕾体。 菜心单花器官分化的顺序是萼片、雌蕊、雄蕊、最后是花瓣。 菜心早、中、迟三个品种花芽的形态发育过程相同,且都在第2~3真叶幼苗开始,但发育过程顺次延迟,可以从幼苗生长状态,了解其内部发育程度,早期找到相应趋势的指标,为控制菜心生长发育提供依据。 相似文献
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关于苹果花芽生理分化时期的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
作者在过去研究苹果花芽形态分化开始时期的基础上,用去叶疏果和喷GA的办法进行了生理分化时期的研究。结果表明,为了形成花芽而进行的生理变化从枝条停长就开始了,一直持续到形态分化开始之前。这一时期与“花芽孕育的临界时期”(Critical period of flower bud induction)完全符合。这一时期的长短是某一品种完成其花芽形成所必需的。这一要求得不到满足,花芽就不能形成。花器官一旦开始形成就不可逆转。花芽(花器官)的发育与花芽形成是两个完全不同质的发育阶段。花芽一旦形成,在它进一步的发育过程中,以前为形成花芽所“必需”的那个“条件”,就不再是必要的了。花芽形成的时期与树冠外围新梢停长或缓慢生长没有内在的直接联系。 相似文献
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Chinese chive is produced year-round in Japan, therefore it is important to demonstrate the relationships of short-day (SD) conditions with flower stalk elongation and flower formation for optimizing the cropping system, e.g. the increase in harvests per year. To clarify the influence of short photoperiod on flower stalk elongation and flower formation in Chinese chive, 8 h SD treatments were applied at different developmental stages of flower stalk elongation and flower formation. When the SD treatment started from vegetative or floral-initiated stages, the earlier the SD treatment started, the fewer flower stalks appeared. Also, the earlier the SD treatment started, the less the flowers bloomed and the more the flower stalk elongation was inhibited at the end of SD treatments. Many involucres did not open and withered with death of florets in SD when the SD treatment started between the umbel or flower bud differentiation and the perianth to stamen-formation stages. Also, all or part of the florets aborted and there were no complete inflorescences in the later SD treatments. We found that, in Chinese chive, the development of flower stalk elongation and flower formation were inhibited with the earlier SD treatment, after vegetative or floral-initiated stages. Furthermore, it is considered that Chinese chive needs long-day (LD) for the flower stalk elongation and inflorescence formation after the initiation of the flower bud. The plant has a qualitative LD requirement with the same photoperiodic requirement for both flower bud initiation and flower development. 相似文献
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神农架野生草本花卉资源丰富。经调查,神农架有野生草本花卉57科173属574种,其中大部分具有很高的观赏价值。根据观赏部位把草本花卉分为观花、观叶、观果3类。该文重点描述了观花类,并对资源的保护及利用提出了建议。 相似文献
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G. P. Harris Juliet E. Harris 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):219-234
The main object of the investigation was to attempt the separation of effects of photoperiod and total incident light energy in controlling flower initiation in the glasshouse carnation, variety White Sim.Low light intensities delayed flower initiation. The delay was associated with reduced rates of growth in terms of dry weight, reduced rates of leaf initiation and increased number of leaves formed below the flower. Short days also delayed flower initiation and increased the number of leaves formed below the flower. Photoperiod, however, had no appreciable effect on growth in terms of dry weight or on rates of leaf initiation, but internode length was greater in long days than in short days. A period of illumination given in the middle of the night was more effective in promoting flower initiation than an equivalent period given to extend the day. Internode length was similar in these treatments. Effects of night temperature were less consistent than those of light intensity or daylength but, under most of the conditions tested, high night temperatures (minimum 65° F. (18° C.)) delayed flower initiation and increased the number of leaves formed below the flower. Low temperature treatment of plants at 40° F. (4.5° C.) for one month promoted subsequent flower initiation and reduced the number of leaves formed below the flower. 相似文献