B9和PP333对菊花‘Mona Lisa Sunny’观赏性状和生理指标的影响

以经典菊花品种‘Mona Lisa Sunny’为试材,采用叶面喷施方法,研究了B9和PP333 2种植物生长延缓剂对菊花观赏性状和生理指标的影响,以期获得最适矮化条件,达到最佳盆栽化效果。结果表明:B9和PP333能使植株产生矮化效应,表现为抑制株高、侧枝增多,且PP333的影响大于B9;二者均能加快花芽分化进程,表现为提前开花并延长花期(观赏期)。B9和PP333均能增加植株生殖生长后期叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量,减少生殖生长后期内源激素GA3和IAA含量。综合分析表明浓度400 mg·L^-1的PP333处理效果最好,该处理下的‘Mona Lisa Sunny’表现为株高适中、株型紧凑、不易倒伏、叶色浓绿、花期延长等诸多优点,提高了其作为盆栽菊的观赏价值。     

草原龙胆新品种‘单轮朱砂’和‘千堆雪’

 观赏花卉草原龙胆‘单轮朱砂’和‘千堆雪’是以经多代自交获得的稳定优良姊妹系为亲本杂交选育而成。‘单轮朱砂’花单瓣, 钟状花型, 花瓣白色并带有红边, 为复轮花。‘千堆雪’花瓣纯白色, 花心绿色, 单重瓣比例为1∶1, 杯状花型。两个品种均花形优美, 株形整齐一致, 多花头同期开放,花枝挺直健壮, 生长势强, 鲜切花花期长。     

拉枝对‘富士’苹果幼树生长发育的影响

以乔砧‘富士’苹果幼树为试材,将其中心干侧枝拉成90、120°或150°,以不拉枝为对照,研究拉枝与树体生长发育的关系。结果表明:拉枝能促进‘富士’苹果中心干延长枝的伸长生长,减小中心干尖削度,增加侧枝数量、侧枝尖削度和干枝比,抑制侧枝伸长生长,但拉枝对中心干延长枝的加粗生长影响不明显;以拉枝90°和120°效果较为理想,拉枝150°背上直立枝过多,梢头上翘严重。推荐生产中拉枝角度以90~120°为宜。     

PP333对元帅苹果幼树生长,结果的影响

对5年生的‘元帅’苹果幼树,叶面喷施不同浓度的PP_(333)。结果表明,PP_(333)处理树新梢生长受抑制,叶片面积增大,厚度和叶绿素含量增加,叶数不减少;促进成花,提高座果率,最终增加产量。处理对果实L/D值无明显影响,不减少单果重。5—6年生的‘元帅’,处理当年即显示出抑制生长、促进成花的作用。处理后第2—3年的效应表现更为明显,并提高座果率。     

PBO对不同品种无花果结果枝生长及结实的影响

采用3个不同浓度的PBO溶液对无花果叶面喷施,研究PBO对无花果结果枝生长和结实的影响。结果表明:PBO能有效抑制无花果结果枝的营养生长、侧枝发枝数量,且不同品种的抑制效果不同;喷施PBO能抑制‘ALMA’、‘杜鲁’和‘青皮’3个品种的节间伸长,当浓度为100和150 mg/L时,对‘青皮’节间的抑制效果最明显,‘B110’和‘波姬红’喷施PBO后,未见节间长度明显变化;喷施PBO后有降低无花果坐果率的趋势。     

不同光质对葡萄试管苗离体培养生长发育的影响

 以不同葡萄品种(‘凤凰51’、‘黑比诺’、‘贝达’和‘巨峰’) 试管苗为材料, 研究其红、黄、绿、蓝和白5种光质条件下的生长发育。结果表明: 白光有利于试管苗的增殖、生物量积累及叶绿素的合成, 且净光合速率最强; 红、黄光促进试管苗根和茎的伸长生长; 蓝光有利于白藜芦醇的积累, 而叶绿素a /b的比值最小。     

激素对3个水培风信子矮化的影响

研究不同浓度的多效唑(PP333)、矮壮素(CCC)和丁酰井(B9)对3个水培风信子生长的影响。分别采用150、200、250mg/L PP333和300、500、800mg/L CCC和B9进行种球浸泡处理,以清水为对照,比较其株高和花期变化。结果表明:PP333对3个品种株高和花期的影响最大,其中150mg/L处理效果最好;CCC和B9对‘粉珍珠’株高抑制明显,对‘蓝星’和‘吉普赛公主’的株高没有抑制作用或不明显,不同浓度处理对3个品种花期影响不同。     

观赏海棠新品种‘红霞’

‘红霞’海棠是从观赏海棠品种‘Callaway’自然授粉种子实生子代苗中选育的新品种。红苞白花,整株观花期可达15d;结实量大、挂果密集;果实椭圆形,似玉坠;秋后果色变为鲜红色,挂果期长,色果观赏期可达160 d。适应性强,生长迅速。     

遮荫对盆栽一品红光合特性及生长的影响

 研究了不同程度的遮荫(0, 50% , 75% ) 对一品红光合特性及生长的影响。结果表明, 一品红具有较高的光饱和点和较低的光补偿点, 是对光照强度适应能力较强的阳性植物, 但不同栽培品种对遮荫环境的适应性有较大差异。遮荫使一品红叶绿素含量增加, 叶色浓绿, 但降低光合速率, 减少叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量, 抑制侧枝的生长, 使花头直径、红色苞叶面积减小, 苞叶花青素苷含量降低。     

不同骨干枝角度对桃树生长和果实品质的影响

以6年生‘沙红’和‘燕红’桃树为试材,研究不同骨干枝角度对桃树生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明:‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的总枝量,中枝、短枝和花束状枝总和以及枝条生长量明显高于其他2个处理;同一部位,‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的总枝量处于较高的水平,高于其他2个处理;同一方向,‘沙红’和‘燕红’3个处理均是平侧枝总枝量最高。同一部位,‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的果实品质好于其他2个处理;同一方向,‘沙红’和‘燕红’3个处理的结果数均是平侧枝最多;‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的果实品质和产量显著高于其他2个处理。因此,‘沙红’骨干枝适宜的倾斜角度为0°,而‘燕红’骨干枝适宜的倾斜角度为30°。     

LED补光组合对大棚越橘生长发育的影响

以2年生南高丛越橘‘Emerald’为材料，以大棚内自然光作为对照，研究LED光源的红蓝光（3︰1和6︰1）、紫外光（UVA）对植株长势、叶片光合作用、碳氮代谢、开花基因表达及开花率、果实品质的影响。结果表明：红蓝光组合处理下‘Emerald’的植株营养生长较旺盛，株高、1年生枝条长度和粗度显著高于对照。此外，红蓝光（6︰1）处理下叶片的叶绿素相对含量、比叶重和净光合速率均显著提高。红蓝光组合也可诱导植株开花，开花基因FT表达量和开花率明显高于对照。紫外光下叶片的氮含量、开花率及FT基因表达量显著高于对照。不同光质组合补光对‘Emerald’的果实品质有显著影响，红蓝光（3︰1）处理下果实的质量、横纵径、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、花青素含量和糖酸比均高于对照。总之，不同光质补光会促进越橘‘Emerald’的生长发育，红蓝光6︰1组合对促进营养生长作用相对较大，红蓝光3︰1组合对提高果实品质效果较好。紫外光虽能改变植株形态和促进开花，但果实品质提高效果较红蓝光处理稍弱。     

不同光质对延迟栽培‘巨峰’葡萄新梢生长及生理特性的影响

为研究不同光质对延迟栽培‘巨峰’葡萄新梢形态特征和叶绿素含量、叶片光合特性的影响,从‘巨峰’葡萄新梢开始生长前进行不同光质的早晚补光,以不补光为对照。结果表明,不同光质补光均促进新梢生长,缩短了新梢节间长度;不同光质补光下叶绿素含量大小顺序为黄光、红光、白光、蓝光、红＋蓝光、对照：不同光质对叶片的净光合速率影响很大,以补红光处理的最强,补黄光的次之,补红光＋蓝光的最低．     

红光和蓝光对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响

为了明确红光和蓝光对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,以设施延迟栽培条件下叶片衰老速度不同的两个葡萄品种‘意大利’和‘无核白鸡心’为试材,分别进行补充红光和蓝光处理,以未补光处理作对照,研究其对功能叶片衰老期间叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量,净光合速率,丙二醛（MDA）含量,过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及超氧阴离子自由基（）和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量的影响。研究结果表明：与对照相比,红光明显减缓了叶片中叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量以及净光合速率的下降,提高了CAT和SOD活性,减慢了MDA、、H2O2的上升速率,推迟了H2O2出现最大含量的时间,延缓了叶片衰老;蓝光处理下,叶片衰老前期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、抗氧化酶活性均低于对照,加速了叶片的衰老进程,但在后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性逐渐高于对照,在一定程度上延缓了叶片衰老。两个品种间比较,‘意大利’叶片衰老缓慢,在生育后期仍能维持较高的抗氧化酶活性。     

The effect of day length,source of light and growth regulators on growth and flowering of Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf

The formation of flower buds in Clerodendrum seems not to be affected by day length, but the development of the buds is delayed in long days. When long days were established by means of low-intensity illumination with incandescent lamps, few flowers developed and the stems elongated considerably even at a day length of 16 hours. When fluorescent lamps were used for day-length extension, short shoots with many flowers were obtained even in 24-hour days. Flower development was also delayed by gibberellic acid (GA₃), but promoted by chlormequat both in short and long days. Shoot elongation was retarded by chlormequat and promoted by GA₃.Plants obtained from commercial greenhouses varied considerably with respect to growth and flowering. By selection a clone was obtained which flowered richly on short shoots. Shoot elongation stopped when flowering began. A ‘negative’ selection gave rise to a clone which flowered sparsely and in which shoot elongation was not influenced by flowering.     

套袋对‘三红蜜柚’果实着色的影响

【目的】‘三红蜜柚’[Citrus maxima(Brum.)Merr.‘Sanhongmiyou’]的海绵层和果肉红色,外果皮橙黄色,经套袋后也呈现紫红色,但套袋对外果皮呈色的作用机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究通过分析不同套袋对外果皮色素积累的影响,筛选出最适套袋方案,指导生产,也为今后进一步研究果面色泽形成机理提供研究基础。【方法】以’三红蜜柚’果实为试材,分别选用3种不同的果袋对果实进行套袋,以不套袋作为对照,测定果实在发育期间的外果皮色泽参数、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,使用超高效液相色谱法测定外果皮番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素和玉米黄素的含量。【结果】3种套袋处理的果皮亮度值L*、红绿色度值a*、黄蓝色度值b*和色泽饱和度在果实发育过程中均呈上升趋势,显著高于对照组;在3种套袋处理间,L*值无显著差异,处理A和处理B的果实比处理C的果实更早退绿,更早着色。相比较于对照组,套袋处理能够显著提高成熟果实果皮的番茄红素含量,不同处理间的果皮番茄红素含量差异显著,其中,处理A的果皮番茄红素含量最高,达44.54 mg·kg^-1。在果实发育过程中,套袋处理果实的果皮β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量均呈下降趋势,显著低于对照组。【结论】套袋显著降低‘三红蜜柚’果实的果皮叶绿素含量,促使果皮提前退绿;双层和三层果袋显著提高成熟期果实的果皮番茄红素含量,增加果皮的红色成分,有效提高‘三红蜜柚’果实的果面着色效果。     

观赏桃花新品种‘红线菊’

‘红线菊’观赏桃是从‘红垂枝’和‘菊花桃’为亲本的杂交实生子二代中选出的新品种。花为单瓣菊花形,花径3.5 cm左右,花红色,花量大,在郑州地区3月中下旬始花,盛花期持续8 ~10 d,观花期可达15 d以上。     

短日照处理天数对一品红开花和观赏品质的影响

 短日照处理不同天数后转到自然长日照下, 研究短日照处理对促成栽培的‘千禧’和‘早生天鹅绒’一品红生长开花的影响。结果表明短日照处理天数对其发育进程、苞片着色和观赏品质有显著影响。苞片转色后结束短日照处理, 节数与连续短日照相似, 但开花显著延迟; 现蕾时结束短日照处理, 开花时间、冠幅与连续短日照相似; 过渡性叶片面积在短日照处理至现蕾后13～14 d才与连续短日照相似。一品红对短日照处理天数的反应存在品种差异。现蕾前结束短日照处理导致一品红过渡性叶片的节间和花梗伸长、苞片着色变差, 出现开花逆转现象。为了保证观赏品质, 短日照处理要持续到现蕾以后。     

Effects of pruning intensity on the biochemical status of shoot buds in three mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars planted at high density

Summary

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees grown at high density show a decline in flowering and fruiting after good fruiting years as a result of various factors. Annual pruning can restore production and productivity in such trees. Chlorophyll, total sugars (TS), total phenolics (TP), and proline contents as well as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, were measured in the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 seasons in shoot buds with a few leaves in three mango cultivars (‘Amrapali’, ‘Mallika’, and ‘Dashehari’). Trees were grown at high density in an orchard and the aforesaid parameters were measured 1 month after different degrees of pruning (Stage I) and after subsequent fruit bud differentiation (FBD; Stage II). Severely-pruned mango trees had the highest contents of chlorophyll a, while chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were found to be highest in moderately-pruned trees. Lightly-pruned trees had the highest contents of reducing sugars (RS), whereas TS contents were highest in severely-pruned trees. The contents of RS and TS increased in shoot buds during the FBD stage. A moderate intensity of pruning significantly increased TP contents, while the lowest TP contents were recorded in non-pruned trees. ‘Off’-year shoots had higher TP contents than ‘on’-year shoots. Irrespective of pruning intensity, shoot buds of ‘Mallika’ trees had the highest PPO activities, with lower levels in ‘Amrapali’ and ‘Dashehari’ shoot buds. PPO activities were reduced at the FBD stage in ‘on’-year shoots. Severely-pruned trees had the highest PPO activities, while the lowest PPO activities were recorded in lightly-pruned trees. Shoot bud proline contents were found to be highest in non-pruned trees, and decreased with increasing pruning intensity. Thus moderate pruning can be adopted in high density orchards to obtain sustainable production with improved maintenance of canopy architecture.     

不同光质对韭菜生长及光合特性的影响

以791雪韭和紫根红两个韭菜品种为试验材料,设红光、蓝光、红/蓝（3/1）、红/蓝（7/1）4个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对韭菜生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明：红/蓝（7/1）处理下韭菜株高、茎粗、叶宽及干鲜质量比均显著高于其他处理|叶绿素总量、叶绿素a/b值及类胡萝卜素含量均以红光处理最高|光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率以及Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo均以红/蓝（7/1）处理最高,而蓝光处理下有较高的胞间CO2浓度、ФPSⅡ和qP。说明红/蓝（7/1）光质有利于提高韭菜叶片的光合作用,促进植株生长,提高产量。