甘瑞欣对育肥猪生产性能及腹泻率的影响

旨在研究含有甘瑞欣的预混料对育肥猪生产性能及腹泻率的影响。选择日龄相同、体重相近健康的“杜大长”育肥 猪60头，随机平均分到试验组和对照组中，每组3个重复，每个重复10 头猪。试验组饲喂含有甘瑞欣的预混料，对照组饲喂不含有甘瑞欣的空白预混料，自由采食，自由饮水。观察2 组育肥猪的采食量、增重情况、腹泻率、死亡率、疾病及用药等情况。结果显示，添加0.2%甘瑞欣的预混料能够显著提高育肥猪的日增重8.7%（P＜0.05）；采食量极显著提高9.1% （P＜0.01）；料肉比提高0.01，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；腹泻率极显著降低78.2%（P＜0.01），且后期无腹泻；收入提高8.4%。表明使用含有0.2%甘瑞欣的预混料饲喂育肥猪，可以显著提高育肥猪的生产性能，取得满意的经济效益。     

小肽复合剂对育肥猪的生长性能及胴体和肉质性状的影响效应研究

试验旨在研究小肽复合剂对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉质性状的影响效果。将72头同批次健康的65日龄的(长×大)二元杂交商品猪随机分为试验组和对照组,每组设3个重复,每重复12头猪。试验组在正常饲粮中添加0.2%的小肽复合剂,对照组为正常饲粮。试验结果发现:育肥阶段饲喂0.2%的小肽复合剂能够显著提高育肥猪生长性能和改善肉质性状。表现为提高育肥猪的日增重(P<0.05),增加育肥猪的采食量,提高饲料转化效率,提高育肥猪群的成活率,降低生病率和腹泻率。肉质性状方面,显著降低滴水损失(P<0.05),增加了肌肉的保水力,生长性能和肉质性状的改善显著地提高了育肥猪的综合经济效益。     

鲜味诱食剂对育肥猪生产性能的影响

为了增加育肥猪的采食量进而达到促进生长的目的。试验将60头育肥猪随机分为三组。A组饲喂原料,B组和C组分别添加0.6‰和1‰的鲜味诱食剂,以探讨诱食剂的效果和用量,同时在中止添加物后,观察了供试猪对添加物依赖性。试验结果表明,B组的平均增重和平均日增重均显著高于A组(P<0.05),而采食量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),说明适当浓度的添加量可能有提高饲料转换率的功能;C组的平均增重和平均日增重均高于A组,差异不显著,采食量方面没有达到预期的提高效果,说明该试验组可能由于添加量过高,在生产性能上不如试验组B的添加量效果好。     

添加不同诱食剂对奶牛采食和产奶量的影响

选用27头泌乳奶牛,参考胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数、膘情、体型等因素,采用随机组对比设计分为3组,即对照组、试验1组(玉米香精组)和试验2组(胡麻油香精组).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在对照日粮基础上分别添加玉米香精和胡麻油香精两种奶牛诱食剂,研究添加不同诱食剂对奶牛采食和泌乳性能的影响.结果表明:试验开始时各组采食精料时间无显著差异(P>0.05),过渡期试验组采食精料时间具有下降趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).试验期间试验组采食时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05),胡麻香精组显著短于玉米香精组(P<0.05),玉米香精组显著短于对照组(P<0.05).试验开始时各组产奶量无显著差异(P>0.05),过渡期试验组产奶牛具有上升趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).试验期间试验组产奶量具有上升趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).由此推断,添加诱食剂后能显著缩短奶牛采食精料时间,并且在不改变采食量的情况下可适当提高产奶性能.     

复方菠菜提取物、VB_(12)合剂对育肥猪血红蛋白浓度及肉质的影响

本试验选取育肥猪180头,随机分为两组,对照组和试验组各90头,对照组饲喂育肥猪基础日粮,试验组在育肥猪基础日粮中添加复方菠菜提取物、VB_(12)合剂(500g/t),试验选用90kg左右的育肥猪。试验结果表明,试验组育肥猪血红蛋白浓度相对提高了11.13%(P0.05);两组pH 40min与pH 24h差异不显著(P0.05),都在正常范围内;肉色评分两组在同一等级且属于正常范围内,试验组相对提高10.90%(P0.05);试验组肉色红度a*相对提高18.40%(P0.05);肉色亮度L*与黄度b*两组差异不显著(P0.05);48h滴水损失试验组相对降低了13.17%(P0.05)。说明育肥后期饲料中添加复方菠菜提取物、VB_(12)合剂可以提高其血红蛋白浓度、肉色评分及红度,降低滴水损失。     

猪肠道微生物对育肥猪增重的影响

为了掌握猪肠道微生物对育肥猪增重效果的影响,为提高育肥猪增重提供有效的方法,为猪肠道微生物在育肥猪饲料添加剂中的推广应用提供参考依据。将60头育肥猪随机分成2组(对照组和试验组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%的肠道微生物。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组的平均末体重提高了4.41 kg(P<0.05),平均日增重提高了70g(P<0.05),料重比降低了0.08(P<0.05),表明猪肠道微生物可显著提高育肥猪的增重。     

吡啶甲酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

选取日龄和体重相似的60头杜长大三元猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组30头,组内设3个重复,每重复10头试验猪.对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,预试期7 d,试验期60 d.试验结果表明:在育肥猪日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,可使育肥猪日增重提高5.04%(P<0.05),料肉比降低4.01%(P>0.05);同时可以使屠宰率和贮存2 d的肌总色素两指标分别提高0.91%和0.24%;吡啶甲酸铬可显著提高胴体瘦肉率4.92%(P<0.05)和眼肌面积5.32cm<'2>(P<0.05),同时显著降低背膘厚0.35cm(P<0.05).吡啶甲酸铬能显著提高育肥猪的日增重并明显降低料肉比,改善育肥猪的胴体品质,因此在育肥猪日粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬具有重要的现实意义.     

木聚糖酶对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响北大核心

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的木聚糖酶对育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标和养殖经济效益的影响。选取192头“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组为基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加100、200、400 mg/kg木聚糖酶。试验期50 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组育肥猪的平均日增重分别提高了7.37%、13.17%、15.88%(P<0.05),平均日采食量分别提高了5.40%、10.39%、13.03%(P<0.05),料重比均显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,200 mg/kg组、400 mg/kg组育肥猪的胴体重显著提高(P<0.05),试验组育肥猪的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05);200 mg/kg组、400 mg/kg组猪背最长肌的肌内脂肪含量均显著提高(P<0.05),试验组育肥猪背最长肌剪切力均显著降低(P<0.05)。试验组育肥猪血清中尿素氮含量均显著降低(P<0.05),200 mg/kg组、400 mg/kg组育肥猪血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)。400 mg/kg组育肥猪的粗脂肪表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),试验组育肥猪血清中钙和磷的表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05)。试验组养殖利润分别提高19.94、32.24、36.19元/头。研究表明,木聚糖酶可以提高育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质,建议在育肥猪日粮中添加400 mg/kg木聚糖酶。     

二氢吡啶对育肥猪促生长效果及其机理研究

为探讨二氢吡啶对育肥猪的促生长效果及其机理,选体重60kg育肥猪14头,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组日粮中添加50mg/kg的二氢吡啶。结果试验组日增重比对照组提高17.1%,差异显著(P<0.05),饲料转化率比对照组提高7.65%,背膘厚度比对照组降低11.7%(P>0.05);血液中激素水平检测结果显示,试验组T3含量提高11.5%(P>0.05),T4含量提高14.3%(P<0.05),生长激素(GH)含量提高25.4%(P<0.05),胰岛素含量提高12.6%(P>0.05),皮质醇含量降低14.5%(P>0.05)。     

易得福诱食剂对育肥猪生产性能的研究

应用易得福诱食剂分组饲喂汉中某良种猪场的育肥猪。选择110日龄的育肥猪21头随机分成2组,一组设为对照组7头,饲喂基础日粮,另一组为试验组14头,设置2个重复,试验组在基础日粮里添加0.02%(200g/t)的易得福诱食剂。结果表明易得福诱食剂具有良好的诱食效果,可以提高猪的生产性能,降低生产成本。     

应用优质饲用玉米饲喂生长育肥猪的试验研究

本研究旨在探讨饲用玉米对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。选取体重(40±1) kg相近的大白×长白×杜洛克商品猪21头,随机分为3组,每组7头,分别饲喂以普通玉米（N组）和饲用玉米吉单198（T1组）、吉单327（T2组）为饲料原料的日粮,进行了78 d的饲养试验。结果表明,T1组、T2组育肥猪的日增重分别较N组提高了10.37%、2.22%,各组试验猪的饲料转化效率基本一致。平均每头猪的纯收入：T1组和T2组分别比对照组每头多85.1和36.1元。因此,本试验结果表明,饲用玉米能够提高生长育肥猪的生产性能,从而增加养殖效益。     

营养水平对鲁农2号生长猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验选用108头鲁农2号生长猪(49.58±1.49)kg,随机区组,分为3个处理组,每处理4个重复,每重复(圈)9头猪,在保持日粮消化能/粗蛋白质比例不变的情况下,分为高、中、低3个营养水平组,研究日粮不同消化能和粗蛋白质水平对鲁农2号生长猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。试验分50～80 kg和80～100 kg两个体重阶段饲养,当试验猪平均体重达到100 kg时进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能和肉品质。结果表明:3个处理组的背膘厚、眼肌面积、后腿重、后腿比例、脂肪率、屠宰率和瘦肉率均差异不显著(P>0.05);除大理石纹外,3个处理组的肉品质差异也不显著(P>0.05)。这预示着低能量和粗蛋白质日粮饲喂鲁农2号生长猪可以获得与高能量粗蛋白质日粮相近的屠宰性能和肉品质。     

Feeding brittle culm1 whole crop rice replacing wheat by-products to growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

The effect of feeding brittle culm1 whole crop rice (WCR) replacing wheat by-products on performance, digestibility and carcass quality was evaluated in growing-finishing pigs. Fifty-four pigs (Duroc) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: WCR at levels of 0 (control), 10 or 20%, respectively. Pigs were fed from about 29 to 85 kg. A digestion trial was conducted with all pigs at about 60 kg live weight. When the feeding trial was completed, six pigs from each treatment were slaughtered to determine carcass quality. In the growing period, pigs receiving the 10 or 20% WCR diet were not significantly different in daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion from the control pigs (p>0.05). In the finishing period, daily feed intake and daily weight gain of pigs fed the 20% WCR diet were significantly lower than control pigs or 10% WCR diet (p<0.05). However, the feed conversion was not significantly different among the pigs on three different diets. No significant (p>0.05) difference was shown in the apparent nutrient digestibility with the WCR substituting for wheat by-products. The dressing percentage and mean backfat thickness tended to be lower in pigs fed the 10 or 20% WCR diet than in control pigs. The meat from pigs on the 20% WCR diet showed a higher pH value at 24 h post mortem, and higher protein and lower fat content in longissimus muscles than control pigs (p<0.05). This study indicated that WCR could be an alternative feed source to replace wheat by-products in growing-finishing pig diets, but a high proportion of the WCR may result in an adverse effect on the performance traits.     

玉米酒精糟和复合酶对生长育肥猪血液生化指标和肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在探讨生长育肥猪饲粮中添加一定量的玉米酒精糟(DDGS)和复合酶对生长育肥猪血液生化指标和肠道健康的影响。150头70日龄杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪,根据体重和性别随机分成3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10头猪,进行两阶段饲养。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验1组和2组在生长期和育肥期饲料中分别以10%和15%的玉米DDGS替代部分玉米和豆粕,试验2组添加200 g/T的复合酶。于试验开始后的第24,48,70和90天,每栏随机选取一头猪,直肠无菌采集粪样以检测其中的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌的数量。试验结束时,每栏随机选取一头猪进行屠宰,采集血液和组织样品,进行血液生化指标的测定和小肠形态的观察。结果显示,添加玉米DDGS和复合酶对肝、脾指数和血液AKP、γ-GT、GOT和GPT水平没有显著影响(P>0.05);试验组猪的十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比值大于对照组,且试验2组在育肥期达到显著水平(P<0.05)。试验2组育肥期粪样中乳酸菌数量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),试验1组生长期粪样中大肠杆菌数量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,本研究中玉米DDGS的添加量不仅没有对生长育肥猪的肠道形态和肝脏等器官产生明显的毒害作用,而且结合复合酶的使用有利于提高十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比值,一定程度上促进了生长育肥猪后肠中乳酸菌的生长,抑制了大肠杆菌的生长,有助于维持肠道健康。     

Effect of Protein Hydrolysate on Growth Performance,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility in Growing-finishing Pigs

This experiment was aimed to study the effects of protein hydrolysate on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and nutrient apparent digestibility in growing-finishing pigs,and determine the optimum dosage of additions.300 Doroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig crossbreeding commercial pigs were chosen and divided into five groups with four repeats per groups and 15 pigs per repeat.The pigs in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed with basal diet,others in groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ were fed basal diet with 1%,2%,3% and 4% T30 small peptide,respectively.The test lasted for 30 d. The results showed that:①The average daily gain (ADG) of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅴ (P<0.05), the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅱ, and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05). ②The total protein and globulin levels of group Ⅴ were the highest that significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P<0.05),and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05).The urea nitrogen of group Ⅱ was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).③The dry matter and crude protein apparent digestibility of group Ⅴ were the highest,and the Ca and P apparent digestibility were declined in T30 supplement groups. In conclusion,the optimum adding amount of protein hydrolysate of growing pig was 1.796%.It could improve the growth performance,decrease F/G,and increase the levels of total protein and globulin.     

Influence of increased feeding frequency on behavior and integument lesions in growing-finishing restricted-fed pigs

This study evaluated how feeding frequency affects behavior and the occurrence of skin lesions in growing-finishing pigs. One hundred eighty pigs (27 to 112 kg of BW) were reared in one environmentally controlled room (20 pens; 9 pigs/pen). Pigs in 10 pens were fed 3 times daily (reference group), whereas the others were fed 9 times daily (experimental group). Both groups received the same total amount of liquid feed. Rations were adjusted to the mean pen weights. Behavioral observations (scan sampling, as well as continuous focal pig observations) were made in wk 4, 10, and 14 of the growing-finishing period. After each observation, skin lesions were assessed individually for each pig. Pigs fed 9 times daily tended to lie laterally for less time (P = 0.083) and tended to be active (P = 0.054) during the day, especially in growing-finishing wk 4 (P = 0.007). With continuously observed focal pigs, no differences in time allocations for feeding were found between groups. During feeding in growing-finishing wk 4, focal pigs belonging to the experimental group displayed more aggressive actions (P = 0.019), tended to perform aggressive actions for a longer time (P = 0.076), and tended to be belly-nosed for a longer time (P = 0.083) compared with the reference group. In addition, in growing-finishing wk 14, pigs in the experimental group had greater scores for skin lesions (head, P = 0.001; belly, P < 0.001; caudal part, P < 0.001) and tended to be belly-nosed for a longer time (P = 0.084). In the case of pigs restricted-fed liquid feed, a greater frequency of feeding per day appears to be a condition that results in greater competitive feeding than with a lower feeding frequency.     

Efficacy of oral vaccination against swine erysipelas in growing-finishing pigs in a clinically infected Slovakian pig herd

In a large Slovakian growing-finishing pig production unit, the effects of oral vaccination against swine erysipelas (SE) were investigated in three groups of pigs of 10 weeks of age. In group 1, the pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly at 1 and 3 weeks after arrival in the growing-finishing barn using an Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacterin. Group 2 pigs were vaccinated at the same time as group 1 using an oral avirulent live SE vaccine administered through drinking water; the pigs in the third group were placebo treated. Clinical signs of acute SE, arthritic changes, average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio, and mortality were evaluated. None of the pigs in groups 1 and 2 but 31.7% of the control animals (group 3) showed typical clinical signs of acute SE. More (P<0.01) non-vaccinated pigs had chronic arthritic changes compared with groups 1 and 2. No significant differences in mortality were recorded between the groups. Groups 1 and 2 had higher (P<0.05) ADG and lower feed conversion ratios compared with group 3 pigs. The results demonstrated that the oral avirulent live culture was efficacious in significantly reducing the clinical symptoms caused by E. rhusiopathiae infection, so enhancing the pigs' performance.     

日粮中添加发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率和饲料通过消化道时长的影响。选取480头80日龄左右、体况相近的杜花二元杂交育肥猪(♂杜洛克猪×♀广东小耳花猪),随机分为试验组和对照组,每组24个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮的同时,按照猪生长阶段额外添加5%～20%的发酵果渣,饲养试验全期共5个月。结果显示,小猪阶段(25～60 kg阶段,添加5%～10%的发酵果渣),平均日增重无影响,试验组全价料采食量降低6.12%(P>0.05),料重比降低5.57%(P>0.05);中猪阶段(60～80 kg阶段,添加15%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高6.52%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.55%(P>0.05,料重比降低12.90%(P<0.05);大猪阶段(80～100 kg阶段,添加20%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高4.69%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低9.50%(P>0.05),料重比降低12.20%(P<0.05);试验全期,试验组平均日增重提高2.08%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.47%(P>0.05),料重比降低8.62%(P<0.05)。额外添加发酵果渣能不同程度显著性提高杜花二元杂交育肥猪中后期对粗蛋白质的表观消化率,但对钙和磷的吸收具有降低的趋势。额外添加发酵果渣能缩短杜花二元杂交育肥猪前期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05),但能不同程度延长中后期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,在杜花二元杂交育肥猪日粮中额外添加适量的发酵果渣能提高生长性能,降低料重比,且可一定程度上延长饲料在育肥中后期猪消化道内的停留时间,促进猪对日粮中粗蛋白质等营养物质的消化吸收。     

冬季可拆迁式猪舍对生长育肥猪生长性能及舍内温湿度的影响

试验通过可拆迁式猪舍与传统(固定)猪舍的饲养对比试验,研究了冬季可拆迁式猪舍对生长肥育猪的生长性能及舍内温度和相对湿度的影响。选取同期转群、体重30 kg左右杜大长生长猪216头,随机分成可拆迁式猪舍组和传统猪舍组,每组3个重复,每个重复36头。试验至猪体重达到100 kg左右出栏结束。结果表明:可拆迁式猪舍组试猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量分别比传统猪舍组提高17.28%(P0.01)和12.13%(P0.01),饲料料增重比降低7.00%(P0.05);可拆迁式猪舍的舍内平均温度为20.33℃,比固定猪舍的16.86℃高3.47℃,比室外的15.15℃高5.18℃,差异均极显著(P0.01)。试验结果表明,可拆迁式猪舍对生长育肥的生长性能和室内环境控制优于传统猪舍。     

Weaning pig performance and faecal microbiota with and without in-feed addition of rare earth elements

Two 6-week feeding trials were conducted on a total of 112 newly weaned piglets to examine the recently reported growth promoting effects of dietary rare earth elements (REE) in European pig production. Rare earth element-diets were supplemented with a REE-citrate premix of lanthanum and the light lanthanoides cerium, praseodymium and neodymium at 200 mg/kg for 6 weeks after weaning. Overall for both trials, growth performance of REE-citrate and control fed piglets did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). An early enhancive tendency for REE-citrate in trial 1 (feed conversion ratio, FCR -3%, p = 0.15) proved irreproducible in trial 2. In the late period of trial 1, in-feed addition of REE-citrate significantly impaired piglet performance (FCR + 8%, p = 0.01). A cultivation-independent molecular approach, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was further applied to assess REE induced alterations in the predominant faecal microbiota from weaning pigs. Calculation of various ecological characteristics does not indicate (p > 0.05) an often discussed selective effect on local microbial composition of dietary REE.