Reproductive pattern of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) in Sarawak, Malaysia

Fecal progesterone assays were conducted in 3 captive female sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) segregated from males to characterize the species-specific reproductive pattern in their original distribution area in Sarawak, Malaysia. Peaks of fecal progesterone concentrations were observed once annually, and lactation was observed after increasing progesterone concentrations in all females without mating stimulus. These results suggest that sun bears in Sarawak, Malaysia, may have a seasonal reproductive pattern and ovulation was noted to occur spontaneously, followed by pseudopregnancy.     

Successful treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma with intralesional fluorouracil in a Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus).

An oral mass was observed in a Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus). Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed by histologic examination of a biopsy specimen. A series of intralesional injections using fluorouracil resulted in complete regression of the neoplasm with no recognized adverse effects.     

Immobilization of sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) with medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine.

A mixture of medetomidine (50.0 microg/kg, i.m.) and zolazepam-tiletamine (2.0 mg/kg, i.m.) effectively immobilized 16 sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) for more than 1 hr with good myorelaxation and minimal effects on cardiorespiratory performance during 22 immobilizations. All bears were immobilized once, except for six individuals that were immobilized twice. Atipamezole (250 microg/kg, i.v.) effectively reversed medetomidine-induced sedation and reduced recovery time significantly. Respiratory rates of immobilized bears did not change significantly over time. Rectal body temperature and heart rate decreased significantly after 10 min of immobilization. Hematologic and serum biochemical parameters did not change significantly within 30 min of induction.     

Annual changes in fecal estradiol-17beta concentrations of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) in Sarawak,Malaysia

Fecal estradiol concentrations were measured in three captive unmated female sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) from August 1998 to July 1999 in Sarawak, Malaysia and vaginal smears from one of the females was observed in August 1998 and March 1999. A single peak in fecal estradiol concentration was obvious for each bear in August or September 1998, and there was a much higher percentage of superficial vaginal anuclear cells in August 1998 than in March 1999. These results suggest that sun bears in Sarawak are likely to be a seasonal breeder associated with a peak of estrogen production in August or September.     

Possible conservation units of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) in Sarawak based on variation of mtDNA control region

The mitochondrial DNA control region of the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) was sequenced using 21 DNA samples collected from confiscated sun bears to identify conservation units, such as evolutionarily significant units and management units, in Sarawak, Borneo Island. A total of 10 haplotypes were observed, indicating the presence of at least two lineages in the sun bear population in Sarawak. Presumably, these two lineages could represent evolutionarily significant units. However, the geographical distributions of the two lineages remained unknown due to the lack of information regarding the exact capture locations of the confiscated sun bears. It is essential to elucidate the geographical distributions of these lineages in order to create a proper conservation plan for the sun bears in Sarawak. Therefore, further studies examining the haplotype distributions using DNA samples from known localities are essential.     

马来熊后肢瘫痪成功治疗一例

1只雄性马来熊突发后躯瘫痪,初始表现为精神委顿、行动迟缓,继而发展为双后肢肌肉麻痹、瘫软,并伴随大小便失禁,因四肢无力支撑躯体,行动时后肢须拖拉前行。采集患熊的粪、尿镜检,结果未见异常,结合其发病突然的临床特征,诊断为因外力损伤造成的下运动神经元瘫痪。下运动神经元瘫痪,是脊髓周围神经或脑周围神经的运动纤维受损的结果。针对病情采取了中西医结合的治疗方法,一方面利用冲击疗法肌肉注射泼尼松龙,以抑制神经炎症的蔓延,并增强神经元的兴奋性和突触的传递;另一方面采用穴位注射疗法,将地塞米松、盐酸普鲁卡因、VB1和VB（12）注射液混合均匀后于患熊的＂百会穴＂注入,直接作用于受损神经周围,使其在刺激下加速修复;同时口服大活络丸,舒筋活络、消肿止痛。经过4周左右的积极治疗,该马来熊后肢逐渐恢复,直至站立自如,精神活泼,完全康复。     

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a North American black bear (Ursus americanus).

A 10-yr-old female black bear (Ursus americanus) at the North Carolina Zoological Park presented with a 2-wk history of intermittent coughing and stertor. The animal was anesthetized for examination, and at intubation, a large mass associated with the tonsils and larynx was observed obstructing the airway. Cardiopulmonary collapse occurred during the procedure, and efforts at resuscitation were ineffective. At necropsy, an 8 cm times 6 cm times 5 cm mass was present in the larynx, infiltrating the epiglottis and obstructing the airway. Regional lymph nodes were mildly enlarged and contained tan inspissated substance. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of nests of keratinizing squamous epithelial cells with evidence of lymphatic invasion and metastases to regional lymph nodes.     

马来熊胆囊癌一例

苏州市动物园1只25岁雌性马来熊(Helarctos malayanus)于2019年9月18日起腹围缓慢增大,治疗6周后,于2019年11月4日死亡。解剖发现有胸腔积液、腹腔积液、肝硬化、胆结石等组织病变,送检病变组织样本。化验报告:心肌轻度萎缩,肾间质慢性炎细胞浸润,肝脏、胆囊、肺脏病理切片显示大量癌栓/转移性低分化腺癌;胆汁、胸腔积液和腹腔积液中均分离出大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)2种细菌;诊断为结石性胆囊癌引起的渗出性腹水。在野生动物中,临床表现为腹水的胆囊癌较为少见,马来熊相关文献资料缺乏,本文将记述该动物的病程,解剖及检查结果,以供大家参考。     

Successful treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma in a white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum

A captive 33-year-old male white rhinoceros with seasonal dermatitis was diagnosed with a malignant squamous cell carcinoma on the right flank. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the skin lesions. No fungal or yeast was isolated. The dermatitis was treated with a combination of oral antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulphadiazine) and topically with weekly chlorhexidine washes and a mixture of a zinc oxide, balsam peru and bismuth oxide cream. Under azaperone and butorphanol anaesthesia, the skin tumour was surgically removed. The tumour was excised with wide margins and allowed to heal by secondary intention as primary wound closure was not possible. A post-mortem performed 2 years later for an unrelated condition revealed no metastases or recurrence of the skin tumour. It was presumed that chronic irritation or trauma may have contributed to the development of the skin tumour. This is the first detailed report of the successful treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma not associated with the horn in a rhinoceros.     

Oral squamous cell carcinoma in a coyote (Canis latrans).

A 19-yr-old spayed female coyote (Canis latrans) was evaluated for an elliptical swelling of the skin beneath its right eye and an elevated mass that involved the soft and hard palate and gingivae around the upper right carnassial tooth and molars. Histopathologic analysis revealed a squamous cell carcinoma, and a postmortem examination revealed no evidence of vascular invasion or dissemination to the regional lymph nodes or viscera. This report describes the biology and progresion of an oral squamous cell carcinoma in an aged captive coyote.     

Lingual squamous cell carcinoma in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).

A 28-yr-old female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in a commercial aquarium developed an ulcerated lingual tumor and died. Necropsy revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopic studies revealed that the tumor cells were strongly positive with anti-keratin-cytokeratin antibody and had abundant tonofibrils and desmosomes. The neoplasm had metastasized to a mandibular lymph node.     

Papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Over a period of two years four ornamental koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) of one variety in a mixed population of 16 were affected with papillomas of the head and body. In one fish there was a transition of these tumours into a squamous cell carcinoma in the region of the head and posterior gill space, with deep invasion of the underlying bone. One of the fish recovered completely after the sloughing of the papillomas. In view of the progressive nature of the lesions, the condition was presumed to be due to an infectious agent, but transmission electron microscopy failed to reveal any virus particles.     

Multidrug-resistant bacterial ingluvitis associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).

A 2-year-old budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was presented to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for chronic regurgitation. Multiple drug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca was cultured from the crop. Necropsy revealed a mass in the crop that was histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of SCC in a budgerigar associated with a multidrug-resistant bacterial ingluvitis.     

Treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in cats by use of mandibulectomy and radiotherapy: seven cases (1987-1989).

Seven cats with squamous cell carcinoma involving the mandible were treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Surgery consisted of hemimandibulectomy or combined rostral and hemimandibulectomy, gastrostomy tube placement, and submandibular lymph node excisional biopsy. Radiotherapy (orthovoltage or 60Co) commenced 2 weeks after surgery. Histologically, the tumor invaded surgical margins in 6 of 7 cats. Nerve infiltration was histologically identified in 2 cats. All cats had stage-3 disease with radiographic evidence of mandibular bone involvement. Age ranged between 8 and 16 years (median, 10 years). Hypercalcemia (2), feline immunodeficiency virus (2), and hyperthyroidism (1), were detected in cats prior to treatment. Survival after surgery was a median of 14 months (range = 3 to 36 months, mean = 15 months). Six cats were euthanatized because of recurrence of disease at 3, 7, 9, 16, 21, and 36 months. One cat was euthanatized at 14 months because of an unrelated disease. Complications of tongue lagging, drooling after meals, mandibular drift, maxillary ulceration, and alopecia of the jaw developed in a few cats. Radiation at the primary site and regional lymph nodes after surgery of curative intent extended survival in cats with mandibular squamous cell carcinoma.     

Sublingual squamous cell carcinoma in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

A 22-yr-old captive-born Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) presented with a nonhealing sublingual mucosal ulcer that was diagnosed histologically as a squamous cell carcinoma, the first such report in a dolphin. The lesion was excised completely and has not recurred.     

外源复合酶对移地保护圈养马来熊日粮营养消化率的影响

利用外源复合酶对移地保护圈养的 9只马来熊日粮营养物质及能量消化率进行了测定 ,经单因子方差分析结果表明 ,在圈养马来熊日粮中添加一定量的外源复合酶 ,能提高马来熊对日粮营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,添加 0 3%饲料量的酶能显著提高日粮粗蛋白的消化率(P <0 0 5) ;添加 0 5%的酶 ,能显著提高日粮粗纤维、粗蛋白质消化率 (P <0 0 5)。此研究结果可应用于马来熊的饲养中 ,提高其饲料报酬     

Hypospadias in a polar bear (Ursus maritimus).

Corrective surgery on a 1.5-yr-old male polar bear (Ursus maritimus) with hypospadias included amputation of the vestigial penis, bilateral orchiectomy with scrotal ablation, and distal perineal urethrostomy. Hypospadias in other species is a congenital deformity that may be caused by extra- and intrauterine factors resulting in a disruption of the testosterone balance during urethral development, but the causative mechanism in this bear is unknown. The urethrostomy site was functional without complications 8 mo after surgery.