油莎豆气吸盘式排种器改进和参数优化

为改变现有油莎豆排种技术,实现精准精量排种,提高油莎豆播种质量、播种效率及综合经济效益,通过对油莎豆籽粒的三轴尺寸物理测量,改造了排种盘,设计并搭建了试验台。单因素试验与正交试验优化验证得出,排种盘最佳工作参数为气吸盘孔径6.5 mm、转速25 r/min、负压值6.5 kPa,漏播率为0.52%。该气吸式排种盘实现了高效精量排种,并符合油莎豆播种技术要求,为油莎豆播种机气吸盘式排种器的选择提供了依据。      

浅析2BMJ—4型气吸式精量铺膜播种机的使用和改进建议

<正>福海县解特阿热勒乡2009年初,购进了新疆科神牌2BMJ—4型气吸式精量铺膜播种机。通过大面积的推广,该机得到农机手和农牧民的好评。2BMJ—4型气吸式精量铺膜播种机主要用于打瓜、食葵、玉米的精密铺膜、铺管、播种。该机一次     

气吸式膜上精量穴播机

新疆生产建设兵团农七师一二五团研制的2BMQ-2型气吸式膜上精量穴播机,2003年通过了省级科研成果鉴定,荣获兵团科技进步二等奖。从国外引进的气吸式精量播种机,只能进行膜下精量播种,而不能进行膜上精量穴播。国内生产的半精量穴播机,虽能进行膜上穴播,但投种达不到精量,生产成本高。一二五团研制的气吸式膜上精量穴播机,克服了上述缺点,实现了膜上精量穴播,提高了生产率,降低了成本。该机能一次性完成膜上整形、膜边开沟、铺膜覆土、膜上穴播、种穴封土等多项复式作业。该机工作幅宽4.5m;行距配置小三膜十二行;播种穴距95mm,采用鸭嘴投种…     

精量播种机械演示测评结果分析

为实施精量播种技术选好机型,加大精量播种技术的推广力度。选择了新疆兵团农机推广中心生产的2BMJ-12气吸式精量膜上膜播种机、石河子大学生产的强制夹持机械式精量播种机和新疆天诚农机具制造有限公司生产的2BM-12/3型孔机械式精量膜上膜播种机三种机型进行演示,并组织有关技术人员进行了现场测评和研讨交流,现将测评结果分析如下:1作业性能评价1.1开沟、铺膜、覆土质量新疆兵团农机推广中心生产的2BMJ-12气吸式精量膜上膜播种机铺膜平展、压膜严实,质量优良;石河子大学生产的强制夹持机械式精量播种机开沟、铺膜、覆土质量良好;新疆…     

铺膜铺管气吸式打瓜精量播种机的设计

本文针对新疆地区打瓜种植模式特点及打瓜播种机市场需求,设计研制了一种铺膜铺管气吸式打瓜精量播种机。该机主要由单组框架、气吸式排种系统、排肥装置、铺膜铺管装置及膜上覆土装置等组成,可一次完成施肥、精量播种、铺膜铺管及覆土等作业。田间试验结果表明:作业效率11~16 hm~2/h,播种行距35~60mm,穴距144~240mm,空穴率≤3%,破损率≤1%。通过对试验结果分析并优化关键部件,对该机进行了批量生产与推广,深受广大用户好评。     

气吸式打瓜精量穴播器的设计与试验

针对打瓜铺膜播种机机械式半精量穴播器的排种精度低、播种稳定性差的问题,基于现有的气吸式棉花精量穴播器,设计适合打瓜播种的气吸式精量穴播器。阐述其结构特点和工作原理,设计确定主要作业部件结构参数。试验表明:在作业速度4.5km·h-1,真空室压力4.0kPa时排种效果最好,单粒合格率93.7%,重播率3.4%,漏播率2.9%,满足打瓜精量播种要求。     

美国部分农业机械的现状及特点

1种植机械种植机械化包括播种机械化和秧苗移栽机械化两部分,日前播种机械的发展趋势主要是不断更新工作原理,完善结构,使之具有良好的工作性能,以提高播种质量,的机具的通用性和适用性。在美国90年代末就基本实现了精整地、精量播种机械化,全美生产播种机、铺膜机的公司有40余家,主要生产机械式、气吸式、气映式等型式的精量播种机具,并都配备了施肥装置。门）气吸式播种具在美国得到广泛的应用,全美的农机制造公司几乎都生产气吸式播种机具,该机型可根据要求每穴播种1、2‘3、4粒种子,但制造工艺和密封性能要求高。位）气吹式…     

机采棉模式气吸式精量铺膜播种的推广应用

介绍了农一师一团推广机采模式气吸式精量铺膜播种作业种植棉花的应用情况,分析了推广的效益经济,提出需要配套改进的意见。     

提高气吸式棉花精量铺膜播种机作业质量技术措施

总结了提高气吸式棉花精量铺膜播种机作业质量的技术措施,包括播前土地准备和棉种精选,播种机检修,播种作业中注意事项及提高出苗率的措施等。     

棉花1膜8行超宽精量播种机作业技术试验、示范

棉花1膜8行超宽精量播种机械作业技术试验、示范,是通过示范、引进新疆石河子科神农业装备科技开有限公司研制的2BMJ-8型气吸式(机械式)棉花超宽膜机精量播种机,一次完成平地、种床镇压、铺管、铺设宽膜、膜上打孔、精量穴播和膜孔覆土等多种工序的联合作业。探讨新疆乌苏市棉花种植采用超宽膜及更高密度     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。