如何正确使用进口宠物疫苗

疫苗其实是一种经过弱化、降低活力的病毒。用作疫苗的病毒都是经过特殊培养和技术处理的，它的活性比正常病毒低得多，当这种疫苗病毒侵入犬猫机体后，犬猫机体会产生抵抗力，由于疫苗病毒活性极低，因此犬猫本身的抵抗力可以战胜病毒，从而保证犬猫的健康。     

如何正确使用进口宠物疫苗

疫苗到底是什么?恐怕除了专业兽医,一般宠物主人难以说清楚,大家都认为疫苗是很好的药物,殊不知疫苗实际上是一种经过弱化、降低活力的病毒。     

如何正确使用畜禽疫苗

畜禽疫苗分两种:活疫苗和灭活苗.灭活疫苗是将病原微生物及其代谢产物用物理或化学的方法使其灭活,丧失毒力,但仍保留其免疫原性而制成的疫苗.这种疫苗一般注射一针后产生免疫力不高,需要注射2～3次或加强注射,才能产生较为满意的免疫力.但是,灭活疫苗的稳定性好,容易保存.活疫苗是将病原微生物(细菌和病毒)在人工条件下使其丧失致病性,但仍保留其繁衍能力和免疫原性,以此制成减毒活疫苗.它在体内的作用时间长,往往只需要接种一次,即可产生稳固的免疫力.活疫苗一般是经过人工致弱的微生物,也可能是自然弱毒力微生物.使用途径是口服、注射、滴鼻、点眼、气雾等.     

禽的疫苗使用及免疫接种

1疫苗 用杀死或弱毒细菌及病毒制备的用于动物机体人工自动免疫的生物制剂。     

从临床角度上谈犬猫注射疫苗的误区

<正>1手术同时给猫打疫苗一般公母猫生长到6～7个月龄,达到性成熟。母猫发情时夜间大声鸣叫,使四邻五舍不安,影响大家休息。公猫性成熟后开始排臊臭尿液,并在床上、沙发上等到处乱撒尿。控制猫发情生育的最好方法是母猫摘除卵巢,公猫去势。但有人在手术的同时给猫     

犬疫苗的免疫程序、使用注意事项及失败原因

目前市场上犬传染病疫苗有狂犬病、犬瘟热、犬细小病毒、犬传染性肝炎、钩端螺旋体、犬冠状病毒、犬窝咳、犬副流感等。     

家禽常用疫苗及其使用注意事项

1疫苗的种类预防动物传染病的疫苗可分为两大类:一类是灭活疫苗,是把病毒或细菌灭活后制成的;一类是活毒疫苗或弱毒疫苗,一般是用毒力较弱,不会引起动物发病的活病毒或细菌制成的。弱毒疫苗按生产过程不同,又分为湿苗及冻干苗2种。一般来说湿苗使用方便,免疫效果好,但不能长期保存,而冻干苗保存期长。下面是几种常用的家禽疫苗。新城疫疫苗:目前我国已生产的新城疫疫苗有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等4个品系,是把新城疫疫苗病毒接种     

如何正确使用酶制剂

在20世纪50年代,人们已经初步认识到酶制剂在饲料中添加的好处,从80年代开始在饲料工业中应用酶制剂,到了20世纪90年代中叶,酶制剂在饲料工业中的应用已经得到了普遍认可。但生产实践中,酶制剂的使用尚存在许多问题。     

如何合理正确地使用兽药

要安全正确地使用兽药,必须消除对兽药使用认识上的误区.合理用药应依靠正确的诊断、合理的疗程和剂量,并充分考虑药物之间的相互作用、药物的适当轮换、个体的过敏反应和继发反应、动物的种类、年龄、性别和个体差异、动物的病理状态和机能情况、综合性防治措施等.     

Dog response to inactivated canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus vaccines

Inactivated canine parvovirus (CPV) and inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccines were evaluated in dogs. Maximal serologic response occurred within 1-2 weeks after vaccination. Antibody titers then declined rapidly to low levels that persisted at least 20 weeks. Immunity to CPV, defined as complete resistance to infection, was correlated with serum antibody titer and did not persist longer than 6 weeks after vaccination with inactivated virus. However, protection against generalized infection was demonstrated 20 weeks after vaccination. In unvaccinated dogs, viremia and generalized infection occurred after oronasal challenge with virulent CPV. In contrast, viral replication was restricted to the intestinal tract and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of vaccinated dogs. Canine parvovirus was inactivated by formalin, beta-propiolactone (BPL), and binary ethylenimine (BEI) in serum-free media; inactivation kinetics were determined. Formalin resulted in a greater loss of viral HA than either BEI of BPL, and antigenicity was correspondingly reduced.     

Duration of immunity for canine and feline vaccines: a review

In our studies aimed at assessing the minimum duration of vaccinal immunity (DOI), approximately 1000 dogs have been vaccinated with products from all the major US veterinary biological companies. The DOI for the various products is determined by antibody titers for all dogs and, by challenge studies in selected groups of dogs. Recently, all major companies that make canine vaccines for the U.S. market have completed their own studies; published data show a 3 years or longer minimum DOI for the canine core products, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), and canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2). Studies with feline core vaccines - feline parvovirus (FPV), calicivirus (FCV) and herpes virus type I (FHV-1) have shown a minimum DOI of greater than 3 years. Based on these results, the current canine and feline guidelines (which recommend that the last dose of core vaccines be given to puppies and kittens > or =12 weeks of age or older, then revaccination again at 1 year, then not more often than every 3 years) should provide a level of protection equal to that achieved by annual revaccination. In contrast, the non-core canine and feline vaccines, perhaps with the exception of feline leukaemia vaccines, provide immunity for < or =1 year. In general the effectiveness of the non-core products is less than the core products. Thus, when required, non-core vaccines should be administered yearly, or even more frequently.     

正确处理犬的难产

犬是人类的忠实朋友,也是人类的第二伴侣。社会发展到今天,人们对饲养宠物越来越理性化,尤其在母犬怀孕后,主人最牵挂的是犬难产怎么办?笔者认为要做好以下两方面的工作。首先要知道避免犬难产的对策与措施:(一)犬第一胎不能过早交配。初次发情,第一次出血,表示雌犬已经性成熟,     

如何正确认识伏马毒素的危害

<正>伏马毒素(Fumonisin,FB)是由镰刀菌属在一定的温度和湿度下产生的水溶性代谢产物,是一类由不同的多氢醇和丙三羧酸组成的结构类似的双酯化合物。1988年,Gelderblom等首次从串珠镰刀菌培养液中分离出伏马毒素。随后,Lau-rent等又从伏马毒素中分离出伏马毒素B1(FB1)     

Clinical use of GnRH agonists in canine and feline species

GnRH (gonadotrophin releasing hormone) is a key hormone of reproductive function in mammals; agonist forms have been largely developed, and data concerning their use in small animal reproduction are now abundant. GnRH agonists act by a two-step mechanism. First, their agonist properties on the pituitary will cause marked LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) secretion into the bloodstream, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of sex steroid hormones. Then, in case of constant administration, GnRH agonists will lead to pituitary desensitization, and FSH and LH levels will collapse. These two effects have been widely documented, and these compounds have many potential benefits in a clinical context, capitalizing both on their stimulating and sterilizing effects.     

如何正确"惩罚"你的犬

一、对犬不良行为的惩罚要严肃认真,要使犬感到痛苦和不愉快。惩罚太轻,无异于奖励,因此纠正毛病时避免惩罚不足。二、犬的不良行为若属轻微,惩