牡丹江丘陵区大豆食心虫种群动态及其与气象因子的关系

为了明确牡丹江地区大豆食心虫的种群动态及其与气象因子的关系,试验于2010—2012年利用性诱剂诱捕法在田间进行了系统的调查。结果表明：牡丹江地区大豆食心虫的始见期在7月末,高峰期在8月初至8月中旬,结束于8月末,发生期历时1个月左右;在降水量偏少的年份大豆食心虫的种群动态与日平均温度呈显著正相关,适量的降水会造成空气湿度大,这有利于蛾量的增加,而强降水的出现不利于食心虫的化蛹和成虫出土;在牡丹江地区日平均气温在21~24℃为大豆食心虫的发生适温,而持续的高温、干旱天气不利于成虫的发生。说明温度与降水量均为影响大豆食心虫发生的重要因子。     

大豆食心虫的测报及防治

大豆食心虫在中国主要分布于东北、华北、西北和湖北、江苏、浙江、安徽、山东等地,以东北三省、河北、山东受害较重。食性较单一,主要为害大豆,也取食野生大豆和苦参。大豆食心虫1年发生1代,以末龄幼虫在土内作茧越冬。第2年7月中旬开始破茧而出,成虫盛期在8月中旬,8月中下旬为产卵盛期。常年虫食率为5%～20%,严重时达30%～40%,种植大豆由于食心虫危害,不仅会导致产量降低,而且会影响大豆的商品率,明显减少收入。因此,要及时做好预防工作,准确对大豆食心虫发生期预测,用以指导防治适宜时期。     

黑龙江省大豆中后期主要病虫害发生趋势预报

<正>根据全省植保站监测调查结果,结合历史资料、栽培状况及天气情况等因素综合分析,7月30日黑龙江省植检植保站下发了《农作物病虫预报》(2013年第17期)文件,要求各地注意防治大豆中后期主要病虫害。1.大豆食心虫预计大豆食心虫在全省总体为中等偏轻发生,西部和东部部分虫源基数较大的县(市)有偏重发生趋势。2.大豆蚜预计大豆蚜在全省总体为轻发生,中南部山     

大豆种子田食心虫防治措施

大豆食心虫又名小红虫,属鳞翅目,小卷叶蛾科,主要危害大豆。一年发生一代,成虫盛期在8月上旬、中旬,幼虫入荚盛期在8月下旬,荚内危害约20-30d,9月上旬开始脱荚入土越冬,直到来年7月下旬化蛹,羽化进入下一循环危害。主要防治方法：     

利用昆虫性诱剂防治大豆食心虫的研究

摘 要 : 利用人工合成大豆食心虫性诱剂进行大豆食心虫田间种群动态调查,结果表明：2006年哈尔滨地区大豆食心虫的发生期大约为1个月,高峰期为8月7日至8月14日左右,与传统的目测惊蛾法调查的结果基本一致。4种不同田间诱蛾方式研究表明：水盆的诱蛾效果好于诱捕器,加入少量杀虫剂后诱捕器防治效果达到43.82%,而水盆加入少量杀虫剂后效果没有提高。2007年大豆食心虫性诱剂在哈尔滨地区开展大面积防治试验,防治效果为45.9％。2008年单用性诱剂＋诱捕器防效为50.0％,在诱捕器中加入少量杀虫剂防治效果达62.7％。     

利用昆虫性诱剂防治大豆食心虫

为明确人工合成的大豆食心虫性诱剂对大豆食心虫的虫情监测和控制作用,为其在生产中的合理使用提供理论依据,进行了用人工合成性诱剂监测大豆食心虫田间种群动态调查,结果表明：2006年哈尔滨地区大豆食心虫的发生期大约为1个月,高峰期为8月7日至8月14日,与传统的目测惊蛾法调查的结果基本一致。4种不同田间诱蛾方式研究表明：水盆的诱蛾效果好于诱捕器,加入少量杀虫剂后诱捕器防治效果达到43．82％,而水盆加入少量杀虫剂后效果没有提高。2007年大豆食心虫性诱剂在哈尔滨地区开展大面积防治试验,防治效果为45．9％。2008年单用性诱剂＋诱捕器防效为50．0％,在诱捕器中加入少量杀虫剂防治效果达62．7％。性诱剂诱捕法可作为大豆食心虫田间虫情测报的一种适用工具。通过定点定期的田间诱捕观察,明确了大豆食心虫的发生动态,为适时防治提供铱据。在田间应用大豆食心虫性诱剂防治害虫时,诱捕器中加入少量杀虫剂是一个切实可行的方法,即提高了防虫效果,又不污染环境。     

“折茎病”在黑龙江省西北部大豆生产区将中等偏重发生

<正>日前,黑龙江省植保站根据各地植保站监测调查情况,结合历史资料、栽培状况及天气情况等综合分析,预计大豆中后期主要病虫害总体为中等发生。其中,大豆食心虫中等偏轻发生;大豆蚜虫总体中等偏轻发生,部分越冬寄主较多、蚜量较大的地区将偏重发生;大豆菌核病有偏重流行趋势;大豆"折茎病"在西北部大豆主产区将中等偏重发生。防治建议:1.大豆食心虫。当大豆食心虫成虫田间出现打团,并且每团蛾量较大,出现成倍增长的现象,表明成虫已进入发生盛期,1～2天内开始防治成虫。在大豆封垄好的情况下,可用敌敌畏熏蒸。每亩用80%敌敌畏乳油100～150毫升,将高粱或玉米秆切成20厘米长段,一端去皮,     

本刊启事

黑龙江省农业科学院黑河农业科学研究所培育了一批有地方特色的黑河号大豆新品种。具有熟期早（极早熟、超早熟）的独特优势，且类型多，熟期配套，即85d、90d、95d、100d、105d、110d和115d熟期的品种应用于生产；高产、稳产性好，用途广，平均产量在2500～3000kg／hm^2。一是作为黑龙江省北部地区主栽品种，二是作为外省复种、外省和黑龙江省南部救灾及作为芽豆、菜豆用种。本文仅就黑河号品种在黑龙江省南部迟播救灾中应注意的几个问题，提出自己的粗浅看法。     

松嫩平原北部主栽大豆品种的适合栽培技术初探

1材料与方法1．1材料 4个适宜本地区种植生育日数110～115d、需活动积温2100～2200℃的主栽大豆品种：黑河19号、黑河27号、黑河30号、合丰42号。     

黑龙江大豆中后期主要病虫害发生情况

正根据黑龙江各地植保站监测调查情况,结合栽培、气象等情况综合分析,预计大豆中后期主要病虫害总体为中等偏轻发生。其中,大豆食心虫中等发生;大豆蚜虫总体中等偏轻发生,部分越冬寄主较多、蚜量较大地区将偏重发生;大豆菌核病有局部偏重发生态势。预报依据:1.大豆食心虫。近年虫食率呈上升趋势,2015年全省平均虫食率为4.35%,较上年上升0.69个百分点,较     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...