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针对我国微耕机作业事故频繁发生、造成人员伤亡和经济损失的严峻形势,基于设计心理学、人因工程学、交互设计理论,分析了与微耕机作业事故相关的人、机具和环境因素,指出机具设计缺陷是微耕机作业事故的最重要因素。操作者的群体特征不易改变,作业环境无从选择,只能通过机具的安全设计来适应人的特点,弥补环境的不足,即机具的安全设计是减少事故、提高质量的根本手段。同时,进一步讨论了微耕机防护装置、操作装置、形态、色彩和标识安全设计以及材料选用。应用工业设计学科理论研究微耕机作业事故,分析事故与机具设计缺陷的关联性,是从根本上消除事故隐患及解决农机安全问题的新思路。 相似文献
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甘肃省微耕机质量调查分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,随着机具补贴政策的实施,适用于小地块作业的微耕机深受广大用户喜爱。据不完全统计,甘肃省在近两年中微耕机补贴数量达1.6万多台,微耕机已成为我省广泛使用的主要机具之一。为加强农业机械产品质量监督管理,掌握全省微耕机的质量状况,甘肃省农业机械鉴定站根据甘肃省农业机械管理局要求,对全省各地在用微耕机的安全性、使用性能、可靠性、适用性和售后服务质量状况进行质量调查。 相似文献
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微耕机是一种对手扶拖拉机旋耕机变型后的小型耕作机械,配上不同的机具,可进行旋耕、犁耕等作业。我国的微耕机从问世到基本成熟共经历了起步、发展和基本成熟三个阶段。时至今日,我国的微耕机基本上成熟,机型、产品质量和生产厂家的数量都趋于稳 相似文献
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当前我国大力发展茶园种植业,以往人力为主要劳动力的生产方式满足不了发展要求,主要存在效率低、劳动强度大、耗时费工等许多问题。为此,综合了我国耕地的基本国情及茶园式微耕机的发展现状与茶园耕地之间的不匹配的情况,并设计制造了便携式茶园微耕机。该机具旋耕刀采用直角刀片,使得入土、碎土能力增强,机器行走正常不跑偏、旋耕消耗能量较少、工作效率远大于人工作业。该便携式微耕机结构简单、轻巧便利、生产成本低,投入茶园生产后将大大提高农民生产积极性和生产效率。田间试验结果表明:该微耕机的平均耕深为130mm,平均耕作幅宽为300mm,各项参数均符合生产技术要求,能够满足茶园作业要求。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究在正常使用条件下10W/30-QC级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Weibull分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数m之最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE)同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡(镇)农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡(镇)农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献